Biomedical subjects

U Giger

Publications and source records attributed to U Giger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

A novel missense mutation responsible for factor VII deficiency in research Beagle colonies.

BACKGROUND: Canine factor VII (cFVII) deficiency, an autosomal recessive trait originally identified in research Beagles, is associated with a mild to moderate bleeding tendency. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify and characterize the mutation causing cFVII deficiency. METHODS: In order to sequence the coding regions of the cFVII gene, we cloned the cFVII cDNA. Genomic DNA and plasma from FVII-deficient Beagles and obligate carriers were utilized. RESULTS: In all FVII-deficient dogs, we identified a single causative G to A missense mutation in exon 5, encoding the second epidermal growth factor-like domain, resulting in substitution of glycine 96 by glutamic acid, with plasma FVII coagulant activity of <or = 4% in affected Beagles. In vitro expression indicated that the majority (96%) of cFVII-G96E protein was retained intracellularly. In addition, analysis of purified recombinant wild-type and mutant cFVII proteins demonstrated reduced activity of the mutant (< 2%) compared with wild-type. Rotational thromboelastometry revealed a severe impairment of clotting activity in affected Beagles, and heterozygotes also exhibited changes in coagulation-based assays. Using a mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction/restriction digest that allows rapid identification of the G96E mutation, we surveyed a US research Beagle colony and identified a mutant allelic frequency of 31%. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a single causative mutation for cFVII deficiency that may have implications for pharmacotoxicologic research, because reduced FVII coagulant activity may alter hemostatic and/or cardiovascular endpoints in this commonly used animal species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Frequencies of blood type A, B and AB in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution of blood types and to estimate the proportion of matings at risk for neonatal isoerythrolysis in non-pedigree domestic cats. METHODS: The present survey determined the frequency of blood types in 301 cats from four distinct regions of Turkey. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated blood samples were typed by simple tube and slide agglutination assays. Serum obtained from type B cats and an anti-B solution, prepared with Triticum vulgaris, were used to determine type A and type B blood, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 301 cats typed, 220 had type A blood, 74 had type B and seven had type AB. There was a significant difference (P<0.01) between the locations of the cats, with fewer type B cats in the eastern than in the western parts of Turkey. Risk for the development of neonatal isoerythrolysis due to A-B mismatch was estimated to be 18.6 per cent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The overall type B frequency in Turkish domestic cats is high. Thus, untyped transfusions in these cats carry a high risk of life-threatening acute haemolytic transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis. It is therefore strongly recommended that blood typing be performed before breeding or transfusing in order to minimise blood type incompatibility risks.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed2005

Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy secondary to selective cobalamin deficiency in a juvenile Border collie.

An eight-month-old Border collie was presented with anorexia, cachexia, failure to thrive and stupor. Laboratory tests demonstrated a mild anaemia, neutropenia, proteinuria and hyperammonaemia. Serum bile acid concentrations were normal, but an ammonia tolerance test (ATT) was abnormal. The dog responded to symptomatic therapy for hepatoencephalopathy. When a low serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) concentration and methylmalonic aciduria were noted, the dog was given a supplement of parenteral cobalamin. Two weeks later, a repeat ATT was normal. Cobalamin supplementation was continued every two weeks, and all clinical signs, except for proteinuria, resolved despite withdrawing all therapy for hepatoencephalopathy. A presumptive diagnosis of hereditary selective cobalamin malabsorption was made, based on the young age, Border collie breed, low serum cobalamin concentration and methylmalonic aciduria. Although hereditary selective cobalamin malabsorption in Border collies, giant schnauzers, Australian shepherd dogs and beagles has previously been reported in North America, to the authors' knowledge this is the first report of the condition in the UK and the first to document an abnormal ATT in a cobalamin-deficient dog.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: indication, technique, risk and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, the laparoscopic approach has remained controversial for patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) because of technical difficulties that, compared with open cholecystectomy (OC), might lead to higher complication rates, particularly common bile duct (CBD) injuries and infection. METHODS: We reviewed recent clinical findings on feasibility, safety and potential benefits of LC in patients with AC. An electronic search using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed using the terms laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy and acute cholecystitis. Pertinent references from articles and books not identified by the search engines were also retrieved. Relevant surgical textbooks were also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: The early laparoscopic approach has been shown to be technically feasible and at least equally as safe as the open approach. However, extensive inflammation, adhesions and consequent increased oozing can make laparoscopic dissection of Calot's triangle and recognition of the biliary anatomy hazardous and difficult. Therefore, conversion to OC remains an important treatment option to secure patient safety in such difficult conditions. The question of whether intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) should be used routinely or only selectively has never been resolved. Proponents for each side have put forward compelling arguments.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗

PubMed2004

Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation.

This survey assessed the feline transfusion practices at the University of Berlin from 1998 to 2001 in regard to patient population, indications, efficacy, and transfusion reactions. Blood was obtained from seven healthy in-house donors and 127 mostly indoor client-owned pet cats. Over a 3-year period 91 cats were transfused with blood type compatible blood. The blood was fresh (within 8 h of collection) or stored no longer than 15 days. Transfusions were required because of blood loss anaemia (n=40), haemolytic anaemia (n=13), ineffective erythropoiesis (n=35), hypoproteinaemia (n=2) or coagulopathy (n=2). The anaemic cats had a pretransfusion haematocrit of 5-20% (m [median]=13), and received one to six transfusions (m=1). The survival rates of the anaemic cats at 1 and 10 days after transfusion were 84 and 64%, respectively. None of the deaths appeared to be related to transfusion reactions. The major crossmatch, undertaken before 117 transfusions, was incompatible for eight cats. All except for one had previously been transfused. Lysis of transfused cells in six cases resulted in a less than expected haematocrit rise and an increase in serum bilirubin. Transient mild transfusion reactions were only noted in two cats during the second or third transfusion. In conclusion, with proper donor selection and appropriate compatibility screening, blood transfusions are well tolerated, appear effective, and may increase chances of survival.

Anemia↗

PubMed2003

Trans- and retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy: experience in 26 consecutive adrenalectomies.

OBJECTIVE: To assess our current concept and results of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (TPLA) and retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy (ERA) for a variety of benign disorders of the adrenal glands. BACKGROUND DATA: According to the literature, minimal invasive adrenalectomy has shown to be a safe and effective surgical alternative to open adrenalectomy. Both, transperitoneal and retroperitoneal endoscopic minimal invasive access are currently used for surgical removal of benign adrenal tumors. There is still some debate about the indications and the access used for a minimal invasive approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Treatment and clinical outcome of all patients who underwent either transperitoneal laparoscopic or endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomies for benign diseases from February 1997 to August 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-six minimal invasive adrenalectomies were performed in 23 patients with a mean age of 57 years. Whereas 11 patients underwent unilateral right- sided ERA, unilateral TPLA was performed in 9 patients on the left side. Three patients had bilateral TPLA. The mean operating time for unilateral ERA and TPLA was 114 and 79 min, respectively. Bilateral TPLA was prolonged to 223 min operating time. There were only two minor postoperative complications. The mean hospital stay for unilateral TPLA, ERA and bilateral TPLA was 4.7, 5 and 6 days, respectively. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Both, ERA and TPLA are safe and clinically effective treatment modalities for benign disorders of the adrenal glands. We currently favor a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach for bilateral and left-sided adrenal tumors, whereas right-sided tumors <8 cm are removed by a retroperitoneal approach. Large right-sided tumors >8 cm are better removed by transperitoneal access.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗

PubMed2003

Haemorrhage in seven cats with suspected anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication.

Clinical features were evaluated in seven adult cats (six males, one female) with haemorrhage and presumptive anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication. Haemorrhage appeared as thoracic haemorrhage, otic bleeding, haematoma, melena, haematochezia, and petechiation. The most common other presenting signs were lethargy, anorexia, and tachypnoea or dyspnoea. Six cats were anaemic, four cats were mildly thrombocytopenic (58000-161000/ microL), and three had slightly decreased plasma protein or albumin values. The prothrombin time (30.3->100 s, reference range: 16.5-27.5 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time values (32.6->100 s; reference range: 14-25 s) were markedly prolonged in all cats. All cats received vitamin K(1)subcutaneously or orally (3.7-5 mg/kg body weight initially) and depending on severity of signs five cats were transfused with fresh whole blood. Plasma coagulation times improved in all cats and returned to normal in 1-5 days. Rodenticide poisons represent an important but relatively rare cause of haemorrhage in cats and can be effectively treated.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

A model of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (Sanfilippo syndrome type IIIB): N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase deficiency in Schipperke dogs.

Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III) is characterized by lysosomal accumulation of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparan sulphate (HS). In humans, the disease manifests in early childhood, and is characterized by a progressive central neuropathy leading to death in the second decade. This disease has also been described in mice (MPS IIIA and IIIB), dogs (MPS IIIA), emus (MPS IIIB) and goats (MPS IIID). We now report on dogs with naturally occurring MPS IIIB, detailing the clinical signs, diagnosis, histopathology, tissue enzymology and substrate levels. Two 3-year-old Schipperke dogs were evaluated for tremors and episodes of stumbling. Examination of the animals found signs consistent with cerebellar disease including dysmetria, hind limb ataxia and a wide-based stance with truncal swaying. There were mildly dystrophic corneas and small peripheral foci of retinal degeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and skeletal radiographs were normal. Intracytoplasmic granules were found in the white cells of peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid, and in myeloid lineages in bone marrow. Electrophoresis of urinary GAGs indicated the presence of HS, while assays of cultured fibroblasts found N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase (Naglu) activity of between 4.3% and 9.2% of normal. Owing to neurological deterioration, both dogs were euthanized, and post-mortem examinations were performed. Biochemical studies of liver and kidney from both animals demonstrated profound deficiency of Naglu activity and abnormally high GAG levels. Pathology of the brain included severe cerebellar atrophy, Purkinje cell loss, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in neurons and perithelial cells throughout the central nervous system. Pedigree analyses and Naglu levels of family members supported an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Using an obligate heterozygote, a breeding colony has been established to aid in understanding the pathogenesis of MPS IIIB and testing of potential therapies.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed2003

Blood type A and B frequencies in Turkish Van and Angora cats in Turkey.

Blood typing of domestic cats has been performed in domestic and purebred cats in various parts of the world and is important in clinical practice in order to prevent neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) and acute haemolytic transfusion reactions. Prevalence of blood types vary greatly between breeds of cats. Turkish Van and Angora cats are different breeds that originated in geographically distinct regions of Turkey. The present survey determined the frequency of blood types in these Turkish pedigreed cats in Turkey. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid anti-coagulated blood of a total of 113 Turkish Van and Angora cats were examined for blood typing using a slide and tube agglutination assay. Of the 85 Van cats surveyed, 40% had type A, and 60% had type B blood. Of the 28 Turkish Angora cats, 53.6% had type A, and 46.4% had type B blood. No type AB cats were found between both breeds. There was no significant association between blood types and gender of both Angora and Van cats or eye colours of Van cats (P > 0.05). Although these are limited surveys, the overall prevalence of type B cats in these two breeds was very high compared with the results of previous studies worldwide. It appears likely that blood type incompatibilities responsible for feline NI and transfusion reactions are occurring in these breeds. The risk of transfusion incompatibility in Turkish Angora and Van cats was 46.4 and 60%, respectively. It is therefore strongly recommended to breeders and clinicians that blood typing be performed prior to breeding and transfusing cats.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed2002

Animal models for mucopolysaccharidoses and their clinical relevance.

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and result from the impaired function of one of 11 enzymes required for normal GAG degradation. MPS II was the first MPS to be defined clinically in humans and is caused by deficient activity of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulphatase. MPS VI was the first MPS recognized in an animal; since then, all but MPS IIIC and IX have been described as naturally occurring in animals or made by knock-out technology. As in humans, all are inherited as autosomal recessive traits, except for MPS II, which is X-linked. Most animal colonies have been established from single related heterozygous animals, making the affected offspring homozygous for the same mutant allele. Importantly, these models have disease pathology that is similar to that seen in humans, making the animals extremely valuable for the investigation of disease pathogenesis and the testing of therapies. Large animal homologues are similar to humans in natural genetic diversity, approaches to therapy and care, and the possibility of evaluating long-term effects of treatment. Therapeutic strategies for MPS include enzyme replacement therapy, heterologous bone marrow transplantation, and somatic cell gene transfer, all of which have been tested in animals with some success.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Technique and value of staging laparoscopy.

Despite significant improvements in preoperative tumor staging due to sophisticated new imaging and interventional techniques, peritoneal tumor spread and occult liver and lymph node metastases are only detected during surgery in some patients. Newer treatment modalities using neoadjuvant regimens are only given if occult tumor spread is excluded. Diagnostic laparoscopy has therefore been introduced to prevent patients with advanced tumor disease from unnecessary laparotomy and as a diagnostic tool in neoadjuvant treatment protocols. Laparoscopic ultrasound represents an important technical improvement in diagnostic laparoscopy. The main indication for diagnostic laparoscopy is therefore exact tumor staging, especially in terms of peritoneal, liver, and lymphatic tumor spread, whereas determination of local tumor resectability is not the main issue. The aim of the current review is to summarize the technique of staging laparoscopy and to discuss its clinical value for a variety of gastrointestinal malignancies.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗

PubMed2002

Complex polysaccharide inclusions in skeletal muscle adjacent to sarcomas in two dogs.

Inclusions of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, amylase resistant material were found within skeletal muscle fibers adjacent to an osteosarcoma in the proximal femur of an 8-year-old intact female Cocker Spaniel dog (dog No. 1) and adjacent to a synovial cell sarcoma of the stifle joint in a 7-year-old spayed female Bouvier des Flandres dog (dog No. 2). Inclusions were pale blue-gray with hematoxylin and eosin stain and formed irregular inclusions, replacing up to approximately 80% of the fiber diameter. Inclusions from dog No. 2 were of non-membrane-bound granular to filamentous material that occasionally formed discrete, elongate electron-dense masses. The features of these inclusions were similar to those of materials previously described as complex polysaccharide, polyglucosan bodies, amylopectin, and Lafora bodies. Evidence for a generalized metabolic disorder was not found in these two dogs, suggesting that storage of complex polysaccharide can occur as a relatively nonspecific response to metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle in a variety of conditions.

Amylopectin↗

PubMed2001

Transmission of visceral leishmaniasis through blood transfusions from infected English foxhounds to anemic dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct serologic surveillance for Leishmania spp in English foxhounds from a kennel, as well as recipients of blood from these dogs, and determine whether L infantum organisms could be transmitted via blood transfusion. DESIGN: Serologic prevalence survey. ANIMALS: 120 English foxhounds and 51 dogs of various breeds receiving blood from these donors. PROCEDURE: Foxhound blood donors, foxhound nondonors, and nonfoxhound blood recipient dogs were evaluated serologically for Leishmania spp by indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Dogs that received packed RBC (PRBC) transfusions from foxhound donors from mid-1996 through mid-2000 were identified. Furthermore, dogs were serologically evaluated if they had received fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions in 1999 and 2000 from seropositive foxhound blood donors. RESULTS: Thirty percent of the English Foxhounds were seropositive for Leishmania spp (titer > or = 1:16), although the degree of seropositivity varied considerably during the period. Furthermore, 57 foxhounds had been used as donors from 1996 to 2000, and 342 units of PRBC had been transfused to at least 227 patients. All 25 dogs screened that received PRBC from seronegative foxhound donors tested negative, whereas 3 of 7 dogs that received PRBC from seropositive donors tested positive. All 9 dogs that received FFP from seropositive foxhound donors remained seronegative. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, this report documents the first transmission of Leishmania spp by blood transfusion. The use of foxhounds as blood donors may not be advisable in North America.

Anemia↗

PubMed2001

Molecular basis of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): an avian model of Sanfilippo syndrome type B.

Sanfilippo syndrome type B, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB, is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU). In Dromaius novaehollandiae (emu), a progressive neurologic disease was recently discovered, which was characterized by NAGLU deficiency and heparan sulfate accumulation. To define the molecular basis, the sequences of the normal emu NAGLU cDNA and gene were determined by PCR-based approaches using primers for highly conserved regions of evolutionarily distant NAGLU homologues. It was observed that the emu NAGLU gene is structurally similar to that of human and mouse, but the introns are considerably shorter. The cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) of 2259 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence is estimated to share 64% identity with human, 63% with mouse, 41% with Drosophila, 39% with tobacco, and 35% with the Caenorhabditis elegans enzyme. Three normal and two affected emus were studied for nucleotide sequence covering the entire coding region and exon-intron boundaries. Unlike the human gene, emu NAGLU appeared to be highly polymorphic: 19 variations were found in the coding region alone. The two affected emus were found to be homozygous for a 2-bp deletion, 1098-1099delGG, in exon 6. The resulting frameshift predicts a longer ORF of 2370 bp encoding a polypeptide with 37 additional amino acids and 387 altered amino acids. The availability of mutation screening in emus now permits early detection of MPS IIIB in breeding stocks and is an important step in characterizing this unique, naturally occurring avian model for the development of gene transfer studies.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed2001

Clinical indications for use of fresh frozen plasma in dogs: 74 dogs (October through December 1999).

OBJECTIVE: To document reasons for use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in dogs and determine variables that apparently triggered the decision to use FFP. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 74 dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs that received FFP at a veterinary teaching hospital during a 3-month period were reviewed. RESULTS: The 74 dogs underwent 144 transfusion episodes (TE; a TE was defined as 1 day of transfusion therapy) and received 252 units (120 ml/unit) of FFP. Fresh frozen plasma was administered to provide coagulation factors (67 TE), albumin (91), alpha-macroglobulin (15), or immunoglobulins (19); for some TE, multiple clinical indications were identified. Variables that apparently triggered the decision to administer FFP included active hemorrhage with or without prolongation of coagulation times, low total plasma protein concentration, persistent vomiting associated with pancreatitis, and sepsis. Mean doses of FFP for each indication were between 8.5 and 9.4 ml/kg (3.9 and 4.3 ml/lb). Small dogs were generally given higher doses (mean dose, 13.9 ml/kg [6.3 ml/lb]) than large dogs (mean dose, 5.1 ml/kg [2.3 ml/lb]). Fifty (68%) dogs were alive at the time of discharge from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that FFP plays an important role in the care of critically ill dogs. Because the supply of FFP is limited, guidelines for when administration of FFP may be clinically useful should be developed.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Haemolytic anaemia and exercise intolerance due to phosphofructokinase deficiency in related springer spaniels.

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder in dogs causing haemolytic crises and exertional myopathy. The clinical signs may be confused with those of recurrent immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. The deficiency has been commonly observed in field trial (working) English springer spaniels (ESSPs), but also in the conformation line of ESSPs in the USA over the past two decades. This report documents the first family of ESSPs found with PFK deficiency in Europe. Two related adult ESSPs in Denmark had intermittent signs of pigmenturia after exercise (hunting) and had evidence of a regenerative haemolytic anaemia. Based upon DNA sequencing data, both dogs had the previously described nonsense point mutation in the muscle-type PFK gene (delta2228G-->A). Study of 17 related family members using a simple and accurate PFK-DNA test revealed one additional PFK-deficient dog (with minor exercise intolerance), nine carriers and seven normal (or 'clear') ESSPs. Recently, the authors have also identified PFK carriers and affected ESSPs in the UK. Screening for PFK deficiency is recommended for ESSPs with suspicious clinical signs and before using any for field trials or breeding in order to prevent the further spread of this hereditary disorder.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of a point-of-care coagulation analyzer for measurement of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and activated clotting time in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a point-of-care coagulation analyzer (PCCA) in dogs with coagulopathies and healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 27 healthy and 32 diseased dogs with and without evidence of bleeding. PROCEDURE: Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and activated clotting time (ACT) were determined, using a PCCA and standard methods. RESULTS: Using the PCCA, mean (+/- SD) PT of citrated whole blood (CWB) from healthy dogs was 14.5+/-1.2 seconds, whereas PT of nonanticoagulated whole blood (NAWB) was 10.4+/-0.5 seconds. Activated partial thromboplastin time using CWB was 86.4+/-6.9 seconds, whereas aPTT was 71.2+/-6.7 seconds using NAWB. Reference ranges for PT and aPTT using CWB were 12.2 to 16.8 seconds and 72.5 to 100.3 seconds, respectively. Activated clotting time in NAWB was 71+/-11.8 seconds. Agreement with standard PT and aPTT methods using citrated plasma was good (overall agreement was 93% for PT and 87.5% for aPTT in CWB). Comparing CWB by the PCCA and conventional coagulation methods using citrated plasma, sensitivity and specificity were 85.7 and 95.5% for PT and 100 and 82.9% for aPTT, respectively. Overall agreement between the PCCA using NAWB and the clinical laboratory was 73% for PT and 88% for aPTT. Using NAWB for the PCCA and citrated plasma for conventional methods, sensitivity and specificity was 85.7 and 68.4% for PT and 86.7 and 88.9% for aPTT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The PCCA detected intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathway abnormalities in a similar fashion to clinical laboratory tests.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Assessment of a point-of-care instrument for identification of primary hemostatic disorders in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To assess a point-of-care instrument for identification of primary hemostatic disorders in dogs. ANIMALS: 29 healthy dogs and 23 nonanemic dogs with primary hemostatic disorders (thrombocytopenia, n = 6; thrombopathia, 6; von Willebrand disease [vWD], 11). PROCEDURE: Citrated blood was obtained and closure times (CT) were determined by measuring the time required for occlusion of an aperture by a platelet plug within the point-of-care instrument. Reference ranges for CT were established, and CT were determined for dogs with primary hemostatic disorders. RESULTS: CT measured with adenosine diphosphate as the platelet agonist (ADP-CT) ranged from 52 to 86 seconds for healthy dogs (mean +/- 2 SD, 67 +/- 7.8 seconds; median, 65 seconds), and CT measured with epinephrine as the agonist (EPI-CT), from 97 to 225 seconds (151 +/- 38 seconds; 148 seconds). In thrombocytopenic dogs, ADP- and EPI-CT were prolonged (> 165 and > 264 seconds, respectively). Five of 6 dogs with thrombopathia had prolonged ADP-CT, whereas EPI-CT was prolonged in all 6 dogs. In all dogs with vWD, ADP-CT was prolonged; EPI-CT was prolonged in 10 of these dogs. Sensitivity and specificity for ADP-CT were 95.7 and 100%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values, 100 and 96.7%, respectively, whereas for EPI-CT, these values were 95.7 and 82.8%, respectively, and 81.5 and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The point-of-care instrument allowed quick assessment of primary hemostasis in nonanemic dogs. Use of this instrument may be helpful for making decisions regarding management of dogs with primary hemostatic disorders.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗