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Biomedical subjects

U Höffler

Publications and source records attributed to U Höffler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Enzyme production of propionibacteria from patients with acne vulgaris and healthy persons.

375 strains of propionibacteria isolated from pustules, comedones, and from normal skin of patients with acne vulgaris and from healthy persons have been examined for their enzymatic activity. In contrast to healthy individuals, protease and caseinase production of strains from acne patients was significantly lower. On the other hand, DNA'ase production of strains from acne lesions was increased, and lecithinase could be demonstrated in strains from acne patients only.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobic bacteria by the breakpoint method.

A shortened form of the agar dilution procedure (breakpoint method) was studied for susceptibility testing of 363 strains of anaerobic bacteria under routine conditions. Mezlocillin inhibited 99%, piperacillin 96%, cefoxitin 99%, latamoxef 90%, clindamycin 96% and metronidazole 100% of Bacteriodaceae strains tested. Peptococcaceae were susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins and metronidazole. We did not find noticeable resistance of Clostridium perfringens strains to beta-lactam antibiotics or metronidazole, but to tetracycline and clindamycin. Propionibacteria were fully susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Propionibacteria in patients with acne vulgaris and in healthy persons.

A total of 375 anaerobic and microaerophilic coryneform rods, isolated from the pilosebaceous ducts of 26 healthy persons (71 strains) and from comedones (93 strains), pustules (107 strains), and the unaffected skin (104 strains) of 36 acne patients were classified according to the species key in Bergey's manual, the biotyping scheme of Pulverer and ko, the serotyping schedule of Höffer et al., and the phage typing schedule of Jong et al. The statistical evaluation demonstrated certain differences in the frequencies of the Propionibacterium species and types between the different groups tested. Thus, the species P. granulosum was isolated only from acne patients (50.0% of patients examined) and was found more frequently in comedones and pustules than in unaffected follicles in acne patients. The majority of P. granulosum strains belonged to serotype II (95). Biotype A propionibacteria were more frequently found in strains from healthy controls (52.1% of strains) than in strains from healthy controls (52.1% of strains) than in strains from comedones (17.2%), pustules (27.1%) and unaffected skin (38.5%) of the acne patients. The results of phage-typing showed that the P. acnes lysotype I was more frequent in acne patients (total: 73.2% of strains), especially in the inflamed pustules (88.5%), than in healthy controls (55.1%).

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1982

[Antibiotic treatment of human actinomykoses (author's transl)].

In the complex aetiology of human actinomykoses, various Actinomyces species, especially A. israelii, play the pathogenetically leading role in the mixed flora so typical for these diseases. A number of other microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria are also part of such mixed flora. Since these "concomitant" bacteria are themselves potentially pathogenic, it is important to have data on antibiotic sensitivity for the entire spectrum of microorganisms, to achieve effective and economic chemotherapy of human actinomykoses. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined for Actinomyces and the most important concomitant bacteria from actinomykotic processes: Actinobacillus actinomycetem-commitants, Bacteroides of the Melaninogenicus group, B. fragilis, B. theta-iotaomicron, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium spp. and Propionibacteria. The results indicate that aminopenicillines are the drug of first choice, if in the actinomykoses there are no Bacteroides strains resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. These tests further indicate that clinically the combination of aminopenicillin and clindamycin, as well as aminopenicillin and metronidazol, are indicated. Minocycline and especially cefoxitin, a beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporin, inhibit with few exceptions all bacteria which are potentially involved in actinomykotic processes.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1982

[Topical treatment of acne vulgaris with erythromycin and benzoylperoxide (author's transl)].

16 healthy persons were treated for 7 weeks with a 1% erythromycin containing ointment. Another 25 persons (among them 10 acne patients) were treated during the same period of time with a combination therapy consisting of erythromycin (1% in an unspecific ointment base) and benzoylperoxide (5% in a gel base). The combined therapy reduces the micrococcaceae in the pilosebaceous ducts significantly. On the other side the therapy consisting only of erythromycin causes only initially a decrease and then an increase in the number of micrococcaceae. Induction of resistance to erythromycin is in both cases considerable. In both cases a reduction of propionibacteria which are most important for the pathogenesis of acne must be assumed. Because of the probable pathogenetic role of staphylococci in acne vulgaris an additional improvement of the therapeutical results can be expected in the case of combination therapy. In vitro experiments demonstrate further that an erythromycin treatment leads to considerable resistance induction in S. aureus, regardless of whether it is applied alone or in combination with benzoyl peroxide.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1982

[Antibiotic resistance of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].

Reference data on the overall resistance patterns of anaerobic bacteria are needed since in individual clinical cases susceptibility testing is complicated by the long generation time and difficulties of test conditions. Benzylpenicillin and tetracyclines are the drugs of choice against Clostridium perfringens. Newer cephalosporins are also active, whereas other Clostridium species have been found resistant. Beta-lactam antibiotics show high activity against Peptococcaceae; resistance to clindamycin should be noted, however. The good in vitro activity of tetracyclines, clindamycin and erythromycin against Propionibacterium acnes could be confirmed in the systemic and local therapy of acne vulgaris. In contrast to gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, only some penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives are sufficiently active against gram-negative rods of the Bacteroides group. Sporadic resistance is seen to the newer tetrayclines, nitroimidazole compounds and to lincomycins. Nevertheless, these substances must be considered as standard therapeutics for infections caused by anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. It should be mentioned that cefoxitin may offer new therapeutic possibilities.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative studies of the flora of the nasal vestibule in relation to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora and yeast flora of the nasal vestibule were studied quantitatively in eight persons who were persistent, transient or non-carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. The nasal flora of all the subjects consisted of lipophilic and non-lipophilic aerobic diphtheroids, propionibacteria and different staphylococcal species. Other micro-organisms, such as Pityrosporum and Candida, micrococci, streptococci and coliforms were found only occasionally. The presence of S. aureus was related to diminished numbers of other staphylococcal strains and of propionibacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Neuraminidase production by Propionibacterium acnes-strains isolated from patients with acne vulgaris, seborrheic eczema and healthy subjects.

Among cutaneous propionibacteria, synthesis of neuraminidase is highest in strains of the species P, acnes. In the present study, neuraminidase activity was discovered in 90.0% of P. acnes strains isolated from acne lesions compared with 72.7% of strains from normal human skin. Neuraminidase-positive strains from acne lesions, moreover, produced statistically significant higher amounts of the enzyme (X = 727 microunits/ml bacterial suspension) than isolates from normal skin (X - 392 microunits/ml). Whereas the moderate production of neuraminidase by strains from patients with seborrheic eczema is probably of no causative importance, the enzyme has to be discussed a potential etiologic factor in acne vulgaris.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1980

Qualitative and quantitative investigations on the resident bacterial skin flora in healthy persons and in the non-affected skin of patients with seborrheic Eczema.

The composition of the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial skin flora was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively in 25 patients with seborrheic eczema (SE) and in 35 healthy persons. In SE patients, the geometric mean count for propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous ducts of the forehead was reduced to a statistically significant extent in comparison with the control group. There was the same tendency with regard to the geometric mean count of the superficial anaerobic bacterial flora of the back, whereas the geometric mean counts of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were the same in the two groups. These results may explain earlier findings of a reduction of free fatty acids in the surface lipids in SE patients. According to the results of differentiation in 295 propionibacteria and 157 micrococcaceae, 7 biotypes and 10 phage types of propionibacteria which were so far unknown could be demonstrated. Significant differences between the groups with regard to the frequency of different biotypes, serotypes, and phage types could be demonstrated neither in propionibacteria nor in coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results of typing, however, showed that patients with SE displayed much more frequently several different propionibacterial species and types as well as different micrococcal species and types than persons with healthy skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Isolation, purification, and properties of neuraminidase from Propionibacterium acnes.

Neuraminidase activity was discovered in 32 of 38 strains of Propionibacterium acnes. Enzyme production was studied in yeast extract bouillon of different pH containing various amounts of human milk as neuraminidase inductor. Enzyme activity was found in the bacterial sediments as well as in the culture filtrates. Since neither ultrasonic treatment nor lysozyme incubation of bacterial sediments did release reasonable amounts of enzyme, culture filtrates were used for enzyme preparation. Neuraminidase was isolated by 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, concentration and repeated gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme posesses a molecular weight of about 33 000 and a pH-optimum around 5.0. The Michaelis constants are 1.8 x 10(-3) M for alpha 2 leads to 3 linked N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) in II3NeuAc-Lac, 3.7 x 10(-3) M for the alpha 2 leads to 6 linkage in II6NeuAc-Lac, and 2.1 x 10(-3) M for the alpha 2 leads to 8 linkage of II3 (comes from 2 alpha NeuAc8)2-Lac, respectively. Among the different groups of naturally occurring NeuAc-containing substrates, i.e. oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins, the enzyme exhibits its highest activity towards low molecular weight oligosaccharides. Activity is considerably lower on glycoproteins. Glycolipids (gangliosides) are only little attacked under conditions used in the test. However, there is no remarkable specificity towards one of the different linkage types of N-acetylneuraminic acid. In general, the enzyme reveals a specificity pattern similar to that found in other bacteria of low pathogenicity towards man.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of Bacterium actinomycetem comitans to 45 antibiotics.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 45 antimicrobial agents were determined for 14 strains of Bacterium actinomycetem comitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans). All the strains showed good susceptibility to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, but not to lincomycins. Some strains were clearly resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, and nitroimidazoles. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed with tetracycline, rolitetracycline, methacycline, minocycline, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of cutaneous propionibacteria to newer antibiotics.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 18 newer antibiotics were determined for 33 strains of cutaneous propionibacteria, i. e., P. acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum. All the strains showed high sensitivity to the penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics tested. They were mostly resistant to aminoglycosides in therapeutically achievable concentrations, and nitroimidazole compounds were completely ineffective.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of Bacteroides melaninogenicus to 45 antibiotics.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 45 antimicrobial agents were determined for 13 strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. All the strains showed good susceptibility to those agents known to be active against anaerobic gram-negative rods, such as tetracyclines and lincomycins. The lowest MICs were observed with lincomycin, clindamycin, methacycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and erythromycin. As expected, aminoglycosides were only poorly active, also some strains showed clear resistance to penicillins, cephalosproins (including the newer ones), and nitroimidazoles.

Aminoglycosides↗