[Double-loading test according to Staub in case of overweight infants].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
U Herrmann
Publications and source records attributed to U Herrmann.
[Blood urea concentration, a parameter for the assessment of protein metabolism in pregnant sows. 2. Relations between blood urea concentration and urine nitrogen excretion as well as estimation of urine nitrogen excretion from the blood urea concentration].
The influence of supplementing the ration with the limiting amino acid lysine on N-excretion in urine and the urea concentration in the blood (UCB) is investigated in an experiment with pregnant young sows. In contrast or the basic ration the most satisfactory N-utilisation reflects itself after a lysine intake of 8.2 g/animal and day during the early phase of gestation and 8.6 g during the last phase of gestation both in a diminished N-excretion in urine and a lower UCB. The following correlation coefficients were calculated for the relation between UCB an N-excretion in urine: early phase of gestation: 0.177 (n = 37); last phase of gestation. 0.431 (n = 30); gestation as a whole: 0.416 (n = 67). In a second experiment methionine supplementation in the feeding of a ration with a deficit of sulphur-containing amino acids led to a significant decrease of N-excretion in urine (alpha = 5%). While UCB also significantly decreased 5 hours after feeding, UCB virtually did not react to a changed level of amino acid intake when the blood sample was taken before feeding. In a third experiment, in which 49 g N/animal and day were taken in, differences regarding N-excretion in urine and UCB between pregnant and non-pregnant animals could not be established. When the results published in the first communication (Herrmann and Schneider, 1981) are included, the following correlation coefficients for the relation between N-excretion in urine and UCB are the result: 0.716 (n = 182) for sampling before feeding and 0.808 (n = 133) for sampling 5 hours after feeding. The confidence range of the estimated function y = -2.97 + 1.233 chi for the relation between N-excretion in urine (y; g/animal and day) and UCB 5 hours after feeding (chi; mg/100 ml serum) as well as the variability values do not make it possible to estimate N-excretion in urine from UCB with satisfactory accuracy.
Animals↗
Determination of the transit rates in different sections of the pig's intestine.
An experiment was carried out using pigs weighing approximately 30 kg. The animals were fitted with two re-entrant cannulas in duodenum and ileum. During a 5 day period the passage of digesta through duodenum and ileum as well as the excretion by urine and faeces was estimated, taking an aliquot of 5% for N analysis. Transit of digesta amounted to 12.4 ... 13.2. kg/d in the duodenum and 2.7 ... 3.6 kg/d in the ileum. The appertaining N passage rates were 36.8 ... 42.4 resp. 8.7 ... 11.2 g N/d, corresponding to 108 ... 120% and 27 ... 32% of the N intake. The transit rate of duodenal digesta was highest immediately after feeding (1.4 ... 1.5 kg/h), decreased thereafter strongly, reaching a second lower maximum of 0.85 ... 1.0 kg/h 2 ... 3 h after feeding and then going down to 0.3 ... 0.4 kg/h just before the next feeding. The daily mean value was about 500 g/h. Endogenous N content of duodenal digesta varied between 10% after feeding and 50% 6 ... 12 h after feeding, with an average of 18.1%. In contrast the endogenous N content of ileal digesta was relatively constant amounting about 42% during the whole day. These findings correspond with those found by other authors using other rations and other live weights of the pigs. They refer to a clear diurnal rhythm of digesta transit and to the enormous dynamics of absorption and secretion processes in the intestinal tract of pigs during digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Determining of nitrogen absorption and nitrogen secretion in different sections of the pig's intestine by digesta exchange between 15N labelled and unlabelled animals.
In an experiment with 3 pigs (initial live weight 30 kg, each fitted with 2 re-entrant fistulas in duodenum and ileum, one labelled with 15N), the duodenal and ileum digesta was exchanged. The N and 15N contents were estimated in faeces, urine, duodenal and ileum digesta of all experimental animals as well as in special organs and in the contents of different tract sections. The 15N excess (15N') of N compounds secreted into the gut lumen was determined using the 15N' in pancreas, gut mucosa and TCA-soluble blood serum. From measuring the digesta passage through the 3 sections of the digestive tract: 1. mouth ... duodenum, 2. duodenum ... ileum, 3. ileum ... after (Krawielitzki et al., 1989) the absorption and secretion rates of nitrogen were calculated. Secretion into the 1st section amounted to 5.3 g N/d (= 15% of intake) and the absorption to approximately 1% of intake. In the 2nd section the corresponding dates were 8.9 resp. 38.6 g N/d (= 25 resp. 110% of N intake), and in the 3rd one 1.9 resp. 8.4 g N/d (= 5.6 resp. 24% of N intake). Total absorption amounted to 134% of N intake and the over all re-absorption of endogenous N compounds secreted into the gut lumen to about 90%. During the passage the amount of endogenous N (g/d) decreased from 5.3 at the duodenum to 3.8 at the ileum to 1.6 in the faeces, but the relative portion increased (13 resp. 35 resp. 39%). An incorporation into body proteins occurred only from N compounds absorbed in the 1st and in the 2nd section. N (or 15N) absorbed in the large intestine was almost quantitatively excreted by urine. The method of digesta exchange between cannulated labelled and unlabelled pigs seems to be a suitable method to estimate absorption and secretion of exogenous and endogenous N portions in various sections of the digestive tract.
Animals↗
[Physiologic nutrition studies in swine with ileorectal anastomoses. 2. The effect of nourseothricin on nutrient digestibility, amino acid absorption, protein utilization and mineral balance of a rye diet].
The supplement of nourseothricin (NT) to a rye diet did not have an influence on the precaecal and total apparent digestibility of the crude nutrients or the total digestibility of the amino acids (AA). NT produced significantly higher absorption of some AA in pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses (IRA) which were orally supplied with electrolyte solution (ES). In general, IRA pigs showed the same results with regard to precaecal apparent AA absorption influenced by the AA pattern of endogenous protein as pigs with ileal cannulae. Functions in the large intestine seem to be important for the effect of NT supplements, as NT supplements to the diet of intact animals tendentially had a positive effect on N, Ca and P balances, IRA animals, however, showed a contrary effect. In comparison with the intracaecal infusion of ES, the oral supply of the IRA pigs resulted in higher N, Ca and P balances. The level of N utilization (N balance in % of the digested N) of the IRA pigs supplied orally was equally high as that of the intact animals (both groups without NT). As derives from literature and the available N, Ca and P balances--significantly influenced by ES supplements--an additional supplement of rations poor in crude fibres of 1 g Na/animal and day seems sufficient for covering the requirement of IRA pigs of a weight of 30...40 kg. After 18 days a P supply below the requirement resulted in a significantly reduced P level (inorganic) in the serum in both animal groups, with the level of the IRA pigs being significantly below that of the INT animals. For this reason, the P requirement of fattening pigs should be fully covered in experiments with IRA pigs. Although the IRA pigs supplied caecally with ES showed typical appearances of Na deficiency, their Na level in the serum did not differ from that of the other animals.
Amino Acids↗
IgG subclasses and antibodies to group B streptococci in preterm neonates after intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin to the mothers.
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Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Endoscopic capsulotomy by means of laser--a new therapeutic method in cases of capsular contracture.
The laser endoscopic capsular technique is a new method introduced to treat patients who develop capsular contracture after the insertion of a breast prosthesis. A capsuloscope was developed in co-operation with M. Boebel (Richard Wolf) to undertake the procedure. Twenty patients have undergone 25 capsulotomies. The technique relieved pain, corrected the deformity and reduced hardness.
Breast↗
Acute oral calcium-sodium citrate load in healthy males. Effects on acid-base and mineral metabolism, oxalate and other risk factors of stone formation in urine.
The currently preferred calcium preparations for supplementation of food vary widely with respect to calcium availability, effects on systemic mineral metabolism, acid-base status, and the calciuria-induced risk of urinary tract stone formation. In eight healthy males we studied the response to an acute load with alkali(sodium)-containing soluble calcium citrate (CSC) (molar ratio calcium/sodium/citrate approx. = 1/1/1), when taken in three different doses (10, 20, 30 mmol calcium) together with a continental breakfast. Intestinal calcium absorption, serum calcium, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) other markers of bone metabolism, net acid excretion and calcium oxalate crystallization in urine were evaluated. CSC evoked a dose-dependent increase in calcium absorption, calcium in serum and urine, but no overt hypercalcemia, and calciuria was low relative to the excess calcium ingested; PTH fell and calcitonin rose (p < 0.05 vs. breakfast alone), but the diet-independent markers of bone resorption declined only insignificantly, while the markers of bone formation and turnover remained unchanged. There was a significant "once-daily" effect (= cumulative 24 h postload response) of CSC: a decrease in urinary cyclic AMP, phosphorus, and ammonium, and an increase in urinary bicarbonate. Soon after CSC intake, urinary calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite supersaturation increased dose-dependently, the calcium oxalate crystal diameter was increased, but crystal aggregation time, which is crucial for stone formation, remained statistically unchanged. Thus, CSC provides calcium in a bioavailable form, creates mild systemic alkalinisation and inhibition of bone resorption, but leaves the risk of developing urinary stones unchanged. Comparative long-term studies on bone growth and the maintenance of bone health, using alkali-containing versus alkali-free calcium citrate, appear worthwhile.
Administration, Oral↗