PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

U Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to U Hofmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Treatment of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula by endoscopic laser coagulation: preliminary report of three cases.

Three newborns with congenital tracheoesophageal fistula were treated by endoscopic laser coagulation. After radiologic and endoscopic diagnosis, laser coagulation of the mucosal layer of the fistula followed using Nd:YAG laser light transferred through an uncovered quartz fiber of 600 microns diameter. The successful and uneventful course in two cases contrasts with the incomplete obliteration in one case caused by inadequate energy application and/or early localized instillation of contrast medium for radiologic control examination. The advantages of this method include elimination of an operative procedure, exclusion of operative complications, and the possibility of repetition in recurrent cases. Care must be taken to prevent esophageal and tracheal damage by use of this method.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1992

Ten statements on the motivation of medical teachers to teach.

Not only high number of students, increasing disintegration of curricula, lack of resources or hindering state regulations and laws seem to be the crucial problem in medical education worldwide but in particular substantially reduced interest and poor commitment in educational matters. Ten statements on possible reasons for the teachers' lack of motivation to teach are given and proposals for promoting their commitment are made.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1992

[Concentration of Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in the plasma of piglets before and after oral administration of iron sulfate solution].

In piglets, the influence of the ingestion of Fe-enriched faeces, of the oral application of Fe-dextran (containing 150, 200 or 250 mg Fe) up to the 8th hour as well as the intramuscular injection of Fe-dextran (150 mg Fe) on the 2nd and 3rd day after birth on Fe-resorption was analysed. On the 5th to the 7th and on the 12th to the 14th day after birth the highest increase in the Fe-concentration and the highest values of the Fe-binding capacity of the plasma after the oral application of a solution of Fe-sulphate (containing 20 mg Fe/kg body weight) were confirmed in the piglets with the ingestion of Fe-enriched faeces and in the control piglets without Fe-supplementation. The increase of the iron concentration in the plasma induced a decrease in the concentration of Cu in some cases and of Zn in the plasma in most cases. The biggest increase in body weight was established in the piglets that ingested Fe-enriched faeces.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Grouped and combined blue nevi].

The simultaneous occurrence of blue and naevocytic naevus in the same lesion is rare and can be difficult to diagnose. Precise differentiation from nodular melanoma may only be possible by histopathological examination. Agminated blue naevi, first described by Upshaw et al. [25] in 1947, are also rare. It is important to differentiate these lesions from nodular melanoma with satellite metastases. We describe two patients with such unusual blue naevi.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging as a new diagnostic criterion in paediatric airway obstruction.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the trachea was performed in 21 children with congenital or acquired narrowing of the trachea or main bronchi. Diagnosis included aortic arch anomalies, innominate artery compression, pulmonary artery compression and tracheomalacia. All patients were examined after bronchoscopy. The demonstration of the trachea and the surrounding tissue and vessels on MR images enables the cause of tracheal compression and the degree and location of collapse to be evaluated. MRI is a modality well suited to characterizing tracheal narrowing without employing ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast medium. All MRI examinations were carried out with the patient under general anaesthesia so as not to risk pulmonary deterioration during sedation. In the cases presented MRI is the diagnostic step of choice after tracheobronchoscopy and broadens the diagnostic potential in extrinsic tracheal or bronchial stenosis in paediatric patients.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1991

MRI in tracheal stenosis by innominate artery in children.

Pediatric airway obstruction due to anomalies of the course of the innominate artery may produce respiratory distress. MR imaging of the trachea was performed after bronchoscopy on forty-one children with congenital tracheal stenosis. Bronchoscopy only allows the evaluation of the lumen of the trachea, and the degree and location of collapse, and it may be difficult to determine the etiology of the tracheal narrowing. In eighteen out of the forty-one patients MR imaging showed a compression of the trachea by the innominate artery. The MR imaging diagnoses were subsequently compared for accuracy with the diagnoses determined by direct surgical observations. MR imaging of the trachea, the surrounding tissue and vessels allows the evaluation of the cause of tracheal compression and the degree and location of collapse. For evaluation of the cause of airway obstruction. MRI is an ideal method depicting detailed anatomic structure without employing ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast medium.

Brachiocephalic Trunk↗
PubMed1991

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography of children's thorax].

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the pediatric chest was performed in 53 patients. All examinations were performed using a 1.0 and 1.5 Tesla superconducting MR imager. 80% of the children were examined using anesthesia with a ventilation of 20% inspiration and 80% expiration. After performing the MR examination in 55% of the cases an operation was performed. In 29 patients anomalies of the brachiocephalic trunc were found. In four patients MR detected a doubled aortic arch, in four patients we found a dilated arch. In eight children a dilated pulmonary artery was diagnosed. In combination with eight tracheobronchoscopy, MR imaging proved to be the diagnostic method of choice for the evaluation of anomalies of the mediastinum. New developments like fast imaging techniques and 3D acquisition promise a further diagnostic improvement in the mediastinum.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1991

[Stratum corneum and nail lipids in patients with atopic dermatitis. Decrease in ceramides--a pathogenetic factor in atopic xerosis?].

Dry skin is seen in many patients with atopic dermatitis and correlates with a disturbed epidermal barrier function demonstrated by such features as increased transepidermal water loss and diminished stratum corneum hydration. With regard to the importance of stratum corneum lipids for the permeability barrier, we have analysed plantar (n = 8) and lumbar (n = 20) stratum corneum and nail lipids (n = 15) of atopic subjects by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Compared with controls our investigations show a decrease in the ceramide fraction as a percentage of total lipid and a diminished ratio of ceramides and free sterols in atopic subjects. This implies that impaired ceramide synthesis may be a factor in the pathogenesis of atopic xerosis.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1990

Syntheses of metabolites of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine and S-methyl-L-cysteine and of some isotopically labelled (2H, 13C) analogues.

The chemical syntheses of human metabolites of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (3) and S-methyl-L-cysteine (12) are described. The additional preparation of some 2H- and 13C-labelled isotopomers enabled the direct evaluation of the stabilities of 3 and 12 under physiological conditions and also facilitated the unambiguous assignments of the signals in the 13C-NMR spectra of all compounds mentioned.

Carbocysteine↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid and its metabolite 12-oxo-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid in human plasma by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Thromboxane A2, the predominant product of arachidonic acid metabolism in the blood platelet, is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist. During its biosynthesis from cyclic endoperoxide, 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) is formed in equal amounts. The further metabolism of HHT, catalyzed by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, leads to 12-oxo-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (Oxo-HT). Sample workup procedures are described which allow for the sensitive and reproducible determination of these two arachidonic acid metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the presence of deuterated analogues as internal standards. HHT is derivatized to the pentafluorobenzyl ester tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether. In order to enable quantification of low concentrations of about 10 pg/ml in nonstimulated human plasma, the samples have to be purified by HPLC. Oxo-HT is derivatized to the pentafluorobenzyl ester, which is purified by HPLC, and then derivatized to the trimethylsilyloxime. The method allows quantification of Oxo-HT in concentrations down to 10 pg/ml plasma. The reported methods have been used to measure HHT and Oxo-HT in stimulated platelet rich plasma and to quantify HHT in nonstimulated plasma. Determination of endogenous levels of these two arachidonic acid metabolites may give new insights into the overall biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 in man.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic resonance tomography as a new diagnostic criterium in vascular-induced stenoses of the upper airways in childhood].

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the trachea was performed in twenty-one children with congenital or acquired narrowing of the trachea or main bronchi. The demonstration of the trachea and the surrounding tissue and vessels on MR images permitted the evaluation of the cause of trachea, compression and the degree and location of collapse. MRI is a well-suited modality for characterizing tracheal narrowing without employing ionizing irradiation or intravenous contrast medium. In the cases presented MRI should be the diagnostic step of choice after tracheo-bronchoscopy. It is an enrichment of the diagnostic possibilities for extrinsic tracheal or bronchial stenosis in pediatric patients.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

[The content of Hb in blood and the protein, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in blood plasma of low parity sows before and after oral iron administration].

In investigations of 51 pregnant sows, blood Hb levels above 7.45 mmol/l (mean value of 8.94 +/- 0.88) were recorded from 43 animals (Group A), while levels below that margin were recorded from eight (Group B) (mean value of 6.73 +/- 0.31). Iron levels in blood plasma of Group A were 36.9 +/- 8.07 and were thus higher (p less than 0.01) than those in Group B (28.9 +/- 5.19 mumol/l). No difference was found to exist between the two groups with regard to iron fixation capacity as well as copper and zinc in blood plasma. Oral uptake of 50, 500 or 2,000 mg of iron in the form of FeSO4.7H2O with cereal shred as morning ration by 17 or 15 sows failed to cause any increase in blood plasma iron levels, within 360 minutes from uptake. Literature data as well as the results of these analyses have supported the recommendation that Hb variations between 4.96 and 9.93 mmol/l (8-16 g/dl) should be rated as physiological in the blood of pregnant sows. The GDR Standard TGL 35,423 on "Monitoring of Metabolism on Pig Breeding and Fattening Units" should be accordingly amended.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of a conservative stomatological treatment on central and peripheral stress parameters and the influence of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent].

Under conservative stomatological treatment the behaviour of peripheral stress parameters is investigated in connection with an estimation of the subjective state of health as well as for the first time in the ambulatory stomatology the STH secretion as an expression of a central stress reaction. The possibility of the central nervous as well as cardiovascular influence by an unusual premedication form of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent "Obsidan" is estimated in various stages of treatment in comparison to a placebo application.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1989

The use of long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) to detect hematotoxic side effects of purging methods.

With a view to the establishment of purging methods it is necessary to investigate complete-remission bone marrow as the real target of purging, rather than bone marrow from healthy donors. The results of LTBMC are superior to those of GM-CFC where the hematopoietic recovery of bone marrow is concerned. One-stage LTBMC after bone marrow manipulations may reflect mixed hematopoietic/stromal effects. The use of two-stage LTBMC allows the evaluation of the stem cell recovery without the possible influence of a damaged microenvironment.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

[Infection following surgery of the gastrointestinal tract in newborn infants].

In a retrospective study we examined the postoperative course of 642 children who had been operated on during the newborn period. 247 of them had been operated on for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. 27.5% of these developed septicaemia: We showed that the frequency of sepsis could be reduced by perioperative antibiotic cover in all diseases with the exception of necrotising enterocolitis where antibiotic treatment was performed. Septicaemic courses were most frequent in premature infants and in those with necrotising enterocolitis. These results will be examined further in a subsequent prospective study.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗