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Biomedical subjects

U Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to U Jensen.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of the legumin-like protein from seeds of Ginkgo biloba.

The sequence of the first 52 amino acids at the N-terminus of the beta-subunit of a legumin-like protein from seeds of the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba were determined by automated sequencing and DABITC/PITC microsequence analyses of peptides derived from the protein by enzymatic digestions and chemical cleavage with CNBr. The protein from Ginkgo exhibits sequence homologies (32-49% identities) with the 11S globulins and legume-like proteins from seeds of various angiosperm monocotyledons and dicotyledons.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

[The equilibrium of nitrogen, potassium and phosphate and renal excretion of creatinine and creatinine over the course of 3 weeks following severe trauma].

In 19 patients after accidental trauma and with intact renal function during an observation time of 21 days we found a cumulated negative balance of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K) amounting to a mean of 214g, 357 and 447 mmol, respectively. Median daily potassium balance was positive on day 2 to 5 and this was interpreted as an increased extrarenal potassium deposition due to increased levels of circulating catecholamines. Median renal creatinine excretion was about 120% of predicted normal till day 10 and continuously decreased thereafter to values lower than predicted normal. Three patients did not show creatinuria (greater than 200 mg/day) during the whole observation time. In 15 patients after a "free interval" with a mean duration of 7 days creatinuria frequently developed rather quickly and maximal excretion of creatine was as high as 4 g/day. In 7 patients creatinuria persisted to the end of the 21 days observation time. During the phase of creatinuria the median cumulated excretion of creatine amounted to 14.4 g. The "free interval" of creatinuria after severe trauma is remarkable. Most of the N, K and P, which is lost from the body during this time obviously stems from tissues other than sceletal muscle. During the phase of creatinuria, however, the negative balance of N, K and P seems to be mainly due to muscle wasting. Hypophosphatemia was prominent during the first 5 days after trauma and obviously was caused by a decrease in renal phosphate threshold (TmPO4/GFR). The underlying mechanism of this primary change in renal function after severe trauma could not yet be identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Water-electrolyte balance and kidney function for 3 weeks following severe trauma].

A study on water-electrolyte metabolism and renal function was performed in 32 patients (mainly young to middle-aged males) over three weeks after severe accidental trauma (mainly brain trauma), who did not suffer from acute renal failure. With a mean water input of 4 l/day the difference of water input and urine volume was positive over the whole observation time. Patients had a mean osmolar excretion of 1800 mosm/day which was twice normal and was mainly caused by a high urea excretion. They were almost invariably in the state of antidiuresis and achieved unusually high values for negative free-water clearance around 2 ml/min. This, however, was adequate in terms of normotonicity of body water. Cumulated sodium balance over 21 days was negative and, on the average, amounted to minus 440 mmol. The median value for creatinine clearance was in the range of predicted normal (156 ml/min.) between day 5 and 10 and a little less before and thereafter. We frequently observed an elevation of creatinine clearance to 120-150% of normal. Renal clearance of urea was around 100 ml/min. during the phase of maximal protein catabolism. Therefore the reasonable increases in urea production up to a mean of 60 g/day resulted only in moderately elevated levels of plasma urea (40-50 mg/100 ml). In 14 patients we performed a total of 83 measurements of plasma volume (Evans-Blue). In patients with intact renal function mean plasma volume amounted to 110% normal. This, in combination with a reduced red all volume on the average, resulted in mild hypovolaemia (blood volume about 90% of predicted normal).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Prevention of colonization and respiratory infections in long-term ventilated patients by local antimicrobial prophylaxis.

In a randomized clinical trial the prophylactic effects of locally administered antimicrobials on quantitative colonization and respiratory infections were studied in intubated patients with an expected period of mechanical ventilation of greater than 6 days. Nineteen patients received 50 mg of polymyxin B and 80 mg of gentamicin distributed among nose, oropharynx and stomach at 6-h intervals, as well as 300 mg of amphotericin B in the oropharynx. Twenty untreated patients served as controls. In the control group colonization by respiratory pathogens was more common (oropharynx 19 vs 6 patients (p less than 0.001); trachea 19 vs 11 (p less than 0.01)), and the number as well as the count of the colonizing species was usually higher. Fourteen patients of the control group developed respiratory infections, including nine cases of pneumonia, as compared to four patients with prophylaxis, including one case of pneumonia (p less than 0.01). Pneumonia-associated deaths were prevented with prophylaxis; however, the overall mortality remained unchanged. Respiratory infections in the prophylaxis group were associated with organisms resistant to the agents used, but the overall occurrence of resistance was not increased, as compared to the control group. We conclude that unrestrained upper airway colonization by respiratory pathogens and respiratory tract infection were causally related. Local antimicrobial prophylaxis proved to be a highly effective strategy for the prevention of potentially life-threatening pneumonias in critically ill patients, but in the present study the host setting appeared to be the major determinant of outcome.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

[Work of breathing in spontaneous respiration with continuous positive airway pressure].

In postoperative respiratory failure continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), besides improving pulmonary gas exchange, influences respiratory mechanics. Elastic and flowresistive components of respiratory work were measured in intensive care patients being weaned from the respirator. Measured values during breathing with a continuous-flow CPAP system with elastic reservoir were compared with those for O2 breathing via T-tube. Under CPAP total breathing work and resistance were reduced. Compliance, tidal volume and respiratory frequency did not change significantly. The reduction in respiratory work was primarily due to decreased nonelastic work associated with a decrease in resistance. Thus, on weaning from mechanical ventilation using a reservoir-CPAP system, the respiratory work was reduced in comparison to O2 breathing via T-tube.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

[Thiopental kinetics in high-dose use].

The kinetics of thiopentone when administered in high doses were investigated in two patients with elevated intracranial pressure and three patients with focal cerebral ischemia. Initial saturation of the tissues is best achieved by a series of infusions with decreasing infusion rate. Administration of a bolus followed by maintenance doses proved unsuitable. The course of concentration under maintenance dosage was extremely variable, mainly due to interindividual and intraindividual variations in clearance. The apparent distribution volumes in these patients (1.38-3.10 l/kg, mean 2.43 l/kg) corresponded to the volumes determined after bolus administration. The total body clearance was low (45.8-103.4 ml/min, mean 72.3 ml/min) and was the reason for long elimination half-times (15.6-25.0 h, mean 23.2 h). Four patients biotransformed thiopentone regardless of the concentration. In one female patient the biotransforming enzyme systems may have been saturated. While conversion of thiopentone to pentobarbitone is generally only of secondary importance, an unusually high plasma pentobarbitone concentration was observed in one patient, reaching 50% of the concentration of the original substance. On the average, thiopentone was 75-80% proteinbound. The binding rate changed considerably with time. It could not be shown that this was influenced by albumin concentration between 25 and 50 g/l. The thiopentone concentration in the ventricular fluid corresponded approximately to that in the plasma fluid. Owing to the variability of the total body clearance and plasma protein binding, and the possibility of changes in tolerance, thiopentone administration must be controlled individually according to the EEG and intracranial pressure. Monitoring of the drug concentration in plasma is recommended.

Adult↗