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Biomedical subjects

U Kujala

Publications and source records attributed to U Kujala.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Genome scan for predisposing loci for distal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis: evidence for a locus on 2q.

The genetic contribution to common forms of osteoarthritis (OA) is well established but poorly understood. We performed a genome scan, using 302 markers for loci predisposing to distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) OA. To minimize genetic heterogeneity in our study sample, we identified siblings with a severe, radiologically defined phenotype from the nationwide registers of Finland. In the initial genome scan, linkage analysis in 27 sibships gave a pairwise LOD score (Z) >1.00 with nine of the screening markers. In the second stage, additional markers and family members were genotyped in these chromosomal regions. On 2q12-q13, IL1R1 resulted in Z=2.34 at recombination fraction (theta) 0, allowing a dominant mode of inheritance. Association analysis of markers D2S2264, IL1R1, D2S373, and D2S1789 jointly provided some evidence for a shared haplotype among the affected individuals (P value of.012). Also, multipoint nonparametric linkage analysis yielded a P value of.0001 near the locus IL1R1 and P=.0007 approximately 20 cM telomeric near marker D2S1399, which, in two-point analysis, gave Z=1.48 (straight theta=. 02). This chromosomal region on 2q harbors the interleukin 1 gene cluster and, thus, represents a good candidate region for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Three additional chromosomal regions-4q26-q27, 7p15-p21, and Xcen-also provided some evidence for linkage, and further analyses would be justified to clarify their potential involvement in the genetic predisposition to DIP OA.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Associations of isometric and isoinertial trunk muscle strength measurements and lumbar paraspinal muscle cross-sectional areas.

The relationships of dynamic and static trunk muscle strength measurements and muscle geometry are studied. Physiologically, isometric muscle strength is directly related to muscle cross-sectional area. We measured isometric and isoinertial trunk muscle strength of 111 former elite male athletes, aged 45-68, by Isostation B-200. Paraspinal muscle cross-sectional areas were measured from axial magnetic resonance images at the L3-L4 level. Isometric and isoinertial torques were closely related, but angular velocities were not predicted by isometric maximal torque. The area of the psoas muscles correlated with isometric maximal flexion, as well as with isoinertial maximal torque. angular velocity, and power in flexion (r = 0.24-0.27). The area of the extensor group correlated with isometric maximal extension and with isoinertial maximal torque and power in extension (r = 0.24-0.25). We conclude that dynamic and static strength measurements are closely related, with angular velocity giving additional information on muscle function. Paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area is one determinant of isometric and isoinertial trunk muscle strength.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Effects of ascorbic acid and carbohydrate ingestion on exercise induced oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: We studied the effects of supplementation of vitamin C and carbohydrate on acute exercise-induced lipid peroxidation. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: two randomized controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: 17 endurance athletes. INTERVENTIONS: in study I, nine athletes repeated twice a 10.5-km maximal run and ingested in a randomized single-blind order either 2.0 g vitamin C or placebo. In study II, eight athletes repeated twice a 27-km maximal run and ingested in randomly either 105 g carbohydrate or placebo. Venous blood samples were taken before the exercise, immediately after the exercise, and after a recovery period of 90 min (study I) or 120 min (study II). MEASURE: serum diene conjugation, lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: In study I, there was no difference in serum diene conjugation between the trials during exercise (pre- vs post-exercise). However, during the recovery period (post-exercise vs recovery sample) serum diene conjugation concentration decreased by 11% in the vitamin C trial but not in placebo (p = 0.028). In study II, there was no difference between the carbohydrate and placebo trials. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C and carbohydrate do not prevent exercise-induced increase in oxidative stress, but vitamin C, being a potent aqueous antioxidant, seems to decrease the levels of diene conjugation during recovery after exercise. The clinical significance of this phenomenon needs further evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Resistance training in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Aerobic endurance exercise has traditionally been advocated in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, the effect of aerobic endurance exercise programs on long-term glycaemic control is small to moderate. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of circuit resistance training on long-term glycaemic control (HbA1c) and to examine the potential association between muscle size and glycaemic control in NIDDM subjects. Eight NIDDM subjects participated in a 3 month individualized progressive resistance training program (moderate intensity, high-volume) twice a week with measurements of HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure, VO2max and thigh muscle cross-sectional area. There was a significant improvement in HbA1c (8.8% - 8.2%; p < 0.05). Muscle endurance increased by 32 +/- 23% (p < 0.05), and the cross-sectional area of m. vastus lateralis increased by 21% (p < 0.001). There was a strong inverse correlation between HbA1c and muscle cross-sectional area (knee extensors) after the exercise period (r = -0.73; p < 0.05). Circuit resistance training seems to be feasible in moderately obese, sedentary elderly NIDDM subjects and the inclusion of circuit resistance training in exercise training programs for NIDDM subjects should be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Left ventricular mass, geometry, and filling in endurance athletes: association with exercise blood pressure.

We studied whether left ventricular (LV) mass and concentricity [relative myocardial volume (RMV)] are associated with exercise blood pressure (BP) in athletes. LV structure and filling were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography and BP in maximal bicycle ergometry and isometric handgrip tests on 32 male endurance athletes and 15 age-matched controls. Indexed LV mass was 145 +/- 14 (SD) g/m in athletes and 93 +/- 20 g/m in controls. Mass was not associated with BP at rest or in low-grade exercise, but with heavier exercise loads this association strengthened in athletes, being maximal at peak exercise (r = 0.65 for mass and 0.58 for indexed mass; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that BP at peak exercise accounted for 34% and the amount of training for an additional 11% of the variance in indexed LV mass. RMV was 21% larger in athletes. Only the increase in systolic BP during handgrip explained significantly (19%) the variance in RMV. LV filling velocities were not associated with mass, RMV, or BP. We conclude that in endurance athletes LV mass is associated with BP in heavy dynamic exercise and LV concentricity with BP response in static exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis and treatment of stress fracture of the patella in athletes.

Five cases of stress fracture of the patella in athletes are presented. Four of these occurred transversally in the lower part and one longitudinally in the lateral part of the patella. Three of the patients were females (endurance runner, high jumper, and orienteerer) and two males (volleyball and soccer player). The diagnosis was made 2-8 months from the onset of the symptoms. Conservative treatment was successful in only one patient; all others were treated surgically, with good end result. Drilling of the fracture line was performed twice with metal wire cerclage fixation, excision of the lateral fragment was carried out once, and a bone graft with K wires and cerclage compression (tension band) was performed once. In all cases the patellar retinaculum was intact, indicating a stress injury. Stress fracture of the patella is a rare overuse injury, and therefore difficulties and delays in the diagnosis and treatment may occur. In cases with delayed diagnosis we recommend operative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of serum lipid peroxidation during exercise using three different methods: diene conjugation, thiobarbituric acid reactive material and fluorescent chromolipids.

Serum lipid peroxidation was measured by three different methods (diene conjugation, DC; thiobarbituric acid reactive material, TBARM; and fluorescent chromolipids, FC) during physical exercise of different duration. The aim of the study was to investigate which of the three methods is the most representative in measuring oxidative stress after physiological stimulus (physical exercise) in man. In general, diene conjugation is a measure of early events of lipid peroxidation reactions, TBARM measures end products of lipid peroxidation and FC are products formed by reaction of end products of lipid peroxidation with the amino groups. In trial I, 8 subjects ran 1 km with maximal speed; in trial II, 7 subjects ran 10 km with maximal speed; in trial III, 9 subjects ran 27 km with maximal speed, and in trial IV, 5 subjects cycled 8 days in competition, altogether 1061 km biking. In each trial venous blood samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise. In trials II, III, and IV serum DC concentration increased by 14% (P < 0.05), 11% (P < 0.01), and 25% (P < 0.05), respectively, during the exercise. FC or TBARM did not change in the trials. We conclude that DC as a measure of the early phase of lipid peroxidation may be less affected by protective antioxidant functions than FC and TBARM methods, which both measure end products of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, DC may be the most sensitive of the three methods to estimate serum lipid peroxidation induced by exercise in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Dietary intake and nutritional status of athletic and nonathletic children in early puberty.

Dietary intakes, trace element status, and anthropometric measures were studied in 12- to 13-year-old boys (n = 49) playing ice hockey (AB) and in 11- to 12-year-old girls who were gymnasts, figure skaters, and runners (AG; n = 43). Thirty-five boys (CB) and 53 girls (CG) not involved in supervised sports were controls. After adjustment for sexual maturation, ABs had larger upper arm muscle circumference than CBs. The sum of four skinfolds was smaller in AGs than in CGs. The intake of energy and all micronutrients examined was higher in ABs than in CBs. Micronutrient intakes were not different between AGs and CGs. Compared to CBs, serum ferritin and copper concentrations were lower, but serum zinc concentration was higher in ABs. No differences in trace element status were found between AGs and CGs. Blood investigations did not indicate inadequate trace element status in any of the groups studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effects of a long acting somatostatin analog on pituitary, adrenal, and testicular function during rest and acute exercise: unexpected stimulation of testosterone secretion.

The purpose of this study was to delineate the possible endocrine effects of exercise-induced GH secretion. Twelve healthy adult males were studied during short (20 min) and subsequent prolonged (2 h) physical exercise and recovery period (2 h), both after injection of a long acting somatostatin analog [Sandostatin (ST); 0.1 or 0.05 mg, sc] and after a control saline injection. Additional subjects were studied during rest with similar injections of ST (0.1 mg) and saline (n = 7) or using a lower ST dose (0.01 mg; n = 6). Several venous blood samples were taken during the trials and analyzed for selected hormones, monitoring pituitary, testicular, and adrenal functions. ST injection blocked the serum GH response to short term maximal bicycle ergometer exercise, but not to the following prolonged bicycle exercise. No relationship of the exercise-associated GH increase to the concomitant endocrine responses of the adrenals and testes was observed. Unexpectedly, the higher ST doses (0.1 and 0.05 mg) increased the mean levels of serum testosterone by 18-25% in both exercise (P = 0.0017) and rest trials (P < 0.0001), respectively. ST did not affect the levels of LH, FSH, or cortisol. ST slightly increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin (3%; P = 0.021) and albumin (4%; P = 0.017) concentrations, but not that of free testosterone. Because the testosterone response to somatostatin was fast and without a simultaneous increase in LH, it was consistent with a direct testicular response. The explanation for this novel ST effect remains obscure, but it may be due to modulation of some paracrine mechanisms inhibiting testicular steroidogenesis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1995

Stress fracture of the medial malleolus.

We studied eight patients who had a stress fracture of the medial malleolus. The main symptom was localized pain on the medial side of the ankle. The initial radiographs revealed the lesion for only three patients; for the other patients, the diagnosis was made with the use of isotope scans and was confirmed with computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance images, or subsequent plain radiographs. One vertical fracture was treated initially with compression with AO screws. On the basis of our experience with stress fractures in other bones, drilling was performed to enhance the formation of bone in two patients who had delayed healing and who had had symptoms for eight and twelve months. The fractures healed four and five months after the drilling. The five patients who were managed non-operatively had to avoid running and jumping for at least three months (average, four months) so that healing could take place. All five of these fractures healed within five months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Response of the trunk muscles to training assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and muscle strength.

A group of 12 sedentary medical students (1 man and 11 women aged 21-27 years) participated in a strength training programme for the trunk muscles lasting 18 weeks. The maximal isometric flexion and extension forces of the trunk muscles were measured before the training and at 18 weeks by dynamometer. The cross-sectional area of the back muscles, i.e. erector spinae, multifidus and psoas muscles, was measured from magnetic resonance images (spin echo sequence TR/TE 1500/80, slice thickness 10 mm) obtained at the L4-L5 disc level before the training, at 11 and 18 weeks. During training, no significant change in the body mass or body fat content was found. Muscle forces or muscle cross-sectional area were not related to body mass. There was a significant increase in both trunk muscle cross-sectional area (psoas muscle P < 0.001 and back muscles P < 0.01) and trunk muscle forces (flexion and extension forces P < 0.01) during the training but no direct association between the muscle cross-sectional area and strength of the flexors and extensors was detected before or after the training.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Motor ability and personality with reference to soccer injuries.

Thirty-seven male soccer players performed a series of motor ability tests and answered the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (the 16PF). A past-injury examination and interview was performed by a physician and occurrence of injuries was followed up prospectively for one year. Stepwise regression analyses revealed significant associations between past injuries and long reaction time as well as personality factors N (astute) and H (shy). We conclude that both weakness of motor abilities, especially long reaction time, and a specific personality type may predispose a player to soccer injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 and Escherichia coli K-12 strain 37 were grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In cell extracts of both strains, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, and NAD was shown. The enzyme was induced by pyruvate in the growth medium, and there was higher activity in aerobically grown cells than in anaerobically grown cells. Acetyl phosphate was a potent inhibitor of the activity. This inhibition was partly overcome by inorganic phosphate.

Ferricyanides↗