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Biomedical subjects

U Last

Publications and source records attributed to U Last.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Sex and sociocultural correlates of urinary incontinence in Israeli preschool children.

Urinary incontinence in children aged 2 to 6 years whose mothers varied in ethnic descent, in level of education, and in immigration status was studied in Israel. Mothers of 302 children were interviewed in well-baby clinics regarding primary and secondary urinary incontinence of their children. A significant age trend was found for attaining primary urinary continence. However, various interactions between mothers' ethnic descent, mothers' level of education, and mothers' immigration status were associated with different rates of primary and secondary urinary incontinence in their children. Moreover, sex differences in rates of primary and secondary urinary incontinence were also associated with mothers' ethnic descent and level of education. It is suggested that different levels of maternal emotional availability to the child in the various subgroups can account for most of the findings.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Quarrel involvement of school-aged children: gender differences, age trends, and school adjustment correlates.

How quarrel involvement (QI) relates to social likeability (SL) and scholastic attainment (SA) was investigated in a group of 201 Israeli school-aged children, boys and girls, from Grades 2, 4, and 6. QI as well as SL scores were obtained from peer ratings, and SA was rated by home-class teachers. The results indicate significant gender differences in QI, with boys being consistently rates as more involved in quarrels than girls. No overall developmental trend in QI was found. Very high correlations between peer ratings of QI submitted by boy raters and by girl raters indicate that QI was a reliably assessable personal characteristic. A clear inverse relation between QI and SL was found for both boys and girls from both cross-gender and within-gender perspectives, the only exception being a lack of such a relation for girls in fourth and sixth grades from the boys' perspective. A clear inverse relation between QI and SA was found for boys in all grade levels. This relation held only for girls in second grade, not for girls in fourth and sixth grades.

Aggression↗
PubMed1995

Secrets and reasons for secrecy among school-aged children: developmental trends and gender differences.

The substance and dynamics of secrets were elicited and analyzed for 180 children at three grade levels, to examine developmental trends and gender differences. The recorded frequencies were subjected to loglinear analyses. The results, which revealed a grade effect regarding topics of secrets, indicated a developmental shift in topics with age from secrets pertaining to possessions to secrets pertaining to interpersonal relations, heterosexual involvement, and moral transgressions. A grade effect also emerged regarding reasons for secrecy; a shift was indicated from need for exclusiveness typical of younger children to socially embedded reasons for secrecy characteristic of older children. A gender main effect regarding topics of secrets indicated that boys more often than girls bear secrets pertaining to possessions and moral transgressions, whereas girls tend more often than boys to bear secrets pertaining to family issues. No gender effect was evident, however, in regard to reasons for secrecy. The developmental trends in both aspects of secrecy investigated may be conceived in the framework of a dual shift from separateness to relatedness and from true latency to late latency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In search of psychological markers of bipolar manic-depressive illness (BMDI): commonalities in psychological functioning between adult euthymic BMDI patients and offspring of BMDI-affected parents.

Detection of probable psychological trait markers of Bipolar Manic Depressive Illness (BMDI) was attempted by conducting two investigations: in the first, Rorschach behavior of adult euthymic BMDI patients was compared with normal control subjects; in the second, Rorschach behavior of nonclinical children of BMDI patients was compared with matched normal controls. Comparison of investigation results revealed psychological characteristics shared by both adult euthymic BMDI patients and clinically-tested children of BMDI-affected parents, including: 1) impaired synthetic functioning; 2) complexity avoidance; 3) experiential and ideational constriction; 4) impaired perceptual accuracy and thought disorder: 5) low conventionalism; and 6) impaired object relatedness.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

After aesthetic rhinoplasty: new looks and psychological outlooks on post-surgical satisfaction.

Thirty-four female patients who underwent rhinoplasty were followed through assessment of post-surgical satisfaction (pss), perception of subjective improvement, objective improvement (surgeon's ratings), and objective post-surgical nasal deformity. Assessments of pss and subjective improvement were obtained on 3 occasions: T1, 1 week after surgery, on cast removal; T2, 1 month after cast removal; and T3, 3 months after cast removal. The investigation was aimed at examination of the relationship of patients' subjective post-surgical appraisals of the operation with objective indices of outcome of rhinoplasty. Results indicated that at T1, pss is totally dissociated from objective outcome or its appraisal by the patient. At T2 an association between objective outcome and pss and subjective appraisal of outcome is evident, but seems to reflect the total reliance of the patients' judgment on surgeons' appraisals. At T3 a paradoxical trend is indicated: slim objective favorable outcomes correlate with high pss, while a considerable share of patients with whom a highly favorable outcome has been attained express relatively low pss. This paradoxical trend may be well understood when applying Cognitive Dissonance Theory. The whole pattern of results point again at highly complex and powerful psychological processes, some of them seemingly irrational, operating within patients when relating to rhinoplasty, a simple superficial surgical procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rorschach markers in euthymic manic-depressive illness.

Bipolar manic-depressive patients in remission are considered normal by phenomenological criteria but many psychotherapists have noted specific personality markers. The Rorschach test was chosen to study such personality markers since it may provide rich information at a psychological level distant from overt behavior and symptoms. 35 bipolar manic-depressives in a euthymic state were tested with the Rorschach Projective Technique. The scores were analyzed using Exner's Comprehensive System methods and compared with his stratified normal control sample. Nine variables differentiated the patients from controls so that at least 50% of the patients were beyond one standard deviation from the controls' mean. These variables might be personality expressions of the genetic predisposition to bipolar illness and might thus be measurable even when the patients are clinically free of affective illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A measuring scale for objective evaluation of the nasal shape.

Evaluating preoperative expectations and post-operative results of the physical aspects of a rhinoplasty is a challenge. Using a graphic scale of 4 aspects of the nose--length, width, hump, and tip--can enable almost anyone to achieve a more or less objective evaluation of nasal characteristics. The scale ranges from 1, being the "nicest," to 7, being the "worst." The scales can be prepared on translucent sheets suitable for superimposing on pre- and postoperative photographs, and the differences in scores give a value to the result.

Esthetics↗
PubMed1983

Mental health correlates of valid perception of nasal deformity in female applicants for aesthetic rhinoplasty.

Thirty-four female applicants for rhinoplasty were assessed prior to undergoing surgery by means of a measuring scale for objective evaluation of the nasal shape. This scale yields an objective nasal deformity score as well as a measure of validity of subjective perception of nasal shape (nose image) and deformity. Subjects were assessed also for identity integration by a short measure of Eriksonian identity, and for psychological well-being and self-acceptance by means of the appropriate California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scales. Degree of nasal objective deformity was found to correlate with various aspects of positive mental health, namely, identity integration, psychological well-being, and self-acceptance. Validity of nose image was also correlated with identity integration. Findings are in accord with former investigations and call attention to the need for careful selection and management of patients for rhinoplasty, especially when deformity is mild.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A token economy in the framework of a hospital therapeutic community -- practice and psychosocial implications.

A token economy (TE) aimed at enhancing self care, work habits, and social participation was initiated in conjunction with the restructuring of a chronic ward into a therapeutic community. Recorded data over a year revealed a differential impact of the TE on various patients. An attempt is made to characterize differential response modes to the TE and to delineate their correlates. Both participants in the program and therapeutic agents were interviewed as to their attitudes towards the TE. Beneficial effects were demonstrated mainly in patients with a relatively late onset of psychiatric illness, but a favorable attitude towards the TE was displayed by both patients and staff members. Implications for psychosocial readaptation are discussed taking into account humanistic and psychodynamic points of view. The reconsideration of possible merging of different therapeutic techniques seems to be desirable.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

A programme for the establishment and functioning of a community mental health service in the area of Beit Shemesh and the Jerusalem Corridor, Israel.

The area of Beit Shemesh, situated in the Jerusalem Corridor has a socioeconomic structure of the pluralistic type characteristic of modern Israel. It includes a small but quickly growing industrial city, several cooperative (moshav) and communal (kibbutz) agricultural settlements, and has a population of colourful ethnic heterogenity. The main effort in the community mental health program which was established and developed in this area was made on the levels of primary and secondary psychiatric prevention. The psychiatric community work was accomplished with a highly flexible approach and an abundance of tactics and techniques, examples of which are presented in this article.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of ego strength based on certain Rorschach variables.

Despite the importance of the assessment of ego strength for appropriate assignment of clients for psychotherapy and/or rehabilitation, existing techniques have not fulfilled expectations. A method for assessing ego strength through the Rorschach Test independent of clinical criterion is proposed. In addition to certain variables of Klopfer's RPRS (M+, FM+, FC+ plus CF+), sharply preceived space responses are included. They constitute a highly intercorrelated global measure of ego strength and are also highly correlated to a relatively independent Rorschach variable of global ego efficiency, i.e. integrated whole responses. In accordance with prediction, non-controlled color responses as well as accuracy of form perception did not correlate in a non-clinical sample with either measure of ego strength.

Adult↗