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Biomedical subjects

U Nahrstedt

Publications and source records attributed to U Nahrstedt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Experiences with shorter surgery].

Through the introduction of new computer-based forms of organisation, the hospital stay for both general and visceral surgery has been significantly reduced. A short stay ward with 15 beds and a dedicated functional unit was established in 1994 where approximately 1,000 operations take place each year with a 2.3 day average hospital stay. At this center laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy, arthroscopy and perforating vein surgery are performed on ASA-I- and ASA-II-patients. Experience indicates that patients satisfaction has dramatically increased. This is due to a shorter waiting period, a guaranteed operation in accordance with the time scheduled, a comfortable hotel-like-atmosphere and minimal hospital stay without an increase of the perioperative risk. In this way hospitals can maximize their profits using special payment arrangements (all-inclusive prices). Even after introduction of the new DRG-systems short stay surgery will be attractive considering economic aspects.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1998

[Routine ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis].

A prospective trial reveals that routine ultrasound in suspected appendicitis in the hands of experts can lead to a specificity of 94% and a sensitivity of 90% in opposite to 82% and 78% for clinical findings alone. The rate of "negative laparotomies" has decreased from 22% to 11%.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Chromosome analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization: further indications for a non-DNA-proportional involvement of single chromosomes in radiation-induced structural aberrations.

The frequencies of symmetrical complete and incomplete translocations and dicentrics induced in human lymphocytes after in vitro irradiation with 3Gy X-rays were analysed by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Single whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes, specific for chromosomes 1-4, 6-10, 12, 14 and X were hybridized separately. A human pancentromeric DNA-probe was used simultaneously for unequivocal centromere detection. For both aberration types, symmetrical translocations and dicentrics, a significant deviation from a DNA-proportional distribution was found. In general, chromosomes with a higher DNA content (chromosomes 1-3, 6 and 7) were less frequently involved in the formation of symmetrical translocations and dicentrics than expected according to their DNA-content, whereas smaller chromosomes were more frequently involved. The only exception was chromosome 4, exhibiting the highest translocation frequency of all chromosomes analysed. Ratios of the yields of symmetrical translocations to the yields of dicentrics varied between 0.9 and 1.8 for the single chromosomes. The present results substantiate our previous data obtained with identical chromosomes but examined in four different triple combinations.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of gamma-ray induced dicentric yields in human lymphocytes measured by conventional analysis and FISH.

In an earlier work stable aberrations and dicentrics were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) after various doses of 137Cs gamma-rays. No corresponding calibration curve for dicentrics is available for determinations in terms of the conventional analysis as performed in our laboratory. In view of the potential for the application of chromosome painting to human biological dosimetry, it is desirable to determine such a calibration curve and this and the comparison of the resulting data to those obtained in terms of the FISH method is the objective of the present communication. In the study it is found that the linear-quadratic dose response curves for dicentrics, that are determined by the two methods, are significantly different, although the different target sizes are accounted for. A similar problem was found earlier for X-rays. It does not appear that the difference is due to technical difficulties in the FISH method, that has been improved by employing in addition to the whole chromosome DNA probes, a pan-centromeric DNA probe.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1995

[Isolated, true aneurysm of the tibiofibular trunk--a rarity among peripheral aneurysms].

A 63-year-old patient presented with an arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the tibiofibular trunk. The clinical symptoms included microembolism into the distal lower leg (pedal arteries). The surgical treatment consisted of a venous interponate between the tibiofibular trunk and the posterior tibial artery. Due to the high complication rate by microemboli, surgical treatment of peripheral aneurysms by a venous bypass is indicated.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Dose-response relationships of micronuclei in human lymphocytes induced by fission neutrons and by low LET radiations.

The induction of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes of different donors has been measured after G0 irradiation in vitro with a mixed fission neutron-gamma-ray beam, 220 kV X-rays and 60Co gamma-rays. The dose-response relationships for the micronucleus yields were linear-quadratic for both types of low LET radiations. The linear model applied for neutron-induced micronuclei over the dose range 0-0.66 Gy. At higher doses a saturation effect became apparent. For neutron-induced micronucleus yields a limiting RBE value of 12.2 was derived from the ratio of the alpha coefficients of neutrons and 60Co gamma-rays.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1993

Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations analysed by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization with composite whole chromosome-specific DNA probes and a pancentromeric DNA probe.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization with composite whole chromosome-specific DNA probes for human chromosomes 1, 4 and 12 and a degenerate alpha-satellite pancentromeric DNA probe labelled with digoxigenin was used to measure symmetrical translocations and dicentrics induced in vitro by 137Cs gamma-rays (0-6.0 Gy) in peripheral lymphocytes. Despite subtracting our mean background translocation frequency of 0.0016 per cell (11,411 cells scored from 11 individuals) from induced frequencies, about 1.3-1.8-fold more translocations were found than dicentrics at a given dose. Translocation frequencies determined only in stable cells agree well with total translocation frequencies determined also in cells containing additional unstable chromosomal changes. The linear quadratic calibration curve generated for total stable translocations is based on approx. 17,000 cells. The suitability of this curve for biological dosimetry of human radiation exposure can now be evaluated in comparison with dose estimates based on a conventional dicentric dose-response curve.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1992

[Shouldice hernia report with a PTFE suture].

Between 4/90 and 2/91 we repaired 105 inguinal hernias according to Shouldice's technique. Instead of an absorbable suture (PDS no.0) we used a PTFE suture no.0. By this study we tried to assure that it is allowed to use as well the non resorbable PTFE suture no.0. in hernia repair as the slowly resorbable PDS suture no.0. We compared the rate of postoperative hematomas, seromas and pus collections and the rate of early recurrences in both groups. The results of the PTFE group were compared with those of a prospective study (n = 100) between 6.88 and 4.89 when we used PDS suture no 0. In the PTFE group we saw 9.5% hematomas, 1.9% seromas and 0.9% pus collections. In the PDS group 4% of the patients developed a hematoma, 4% a seroma and 2% a pus collection. We saw 1.9% early recurrences after 8 months (PTFE: 7-11; median: 9 months) and 3.2% after 9 months (PDS: 8-13; median: 10 months) medium follow-up time. The results did not significantly differ between both groups. (Chi-square test: p = 1.0). By these results we can draw the following conclusions: 1. The use of a non absorbable PTFE suture no 0 in hernia repair is of no disadvantage. 2. The principle of hernia repair is the induction of scar tissue in the site of hernioplasty; the use of slowly resorbable suture material is allowed as well.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

[Standardized ultrasound study with computer-assisted documentation of findings in diagnosis of polytrauma patients].

Based on the results of a prospective trial to establish the value of routine ultrasound examination in cases of polytrauma or blunt abdominal trauma, we report on our standard ultrasound examination and computer assisted documentation of the findings. Between May 1988 and December 1990 we examined 233 patients with polytrauma or blunt abdominal trauma. The results were compared with those of abdominal lavage (n = 47) performed during the same period. We found a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99.5% for the ultrasound findings and a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% for the abdominal lavage. We conclude that ultrasonography should be the first diagnostic procedure used in the emergency room in cases of polytrauma and blunt abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[Variable head endoprosthesis in the treatment of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures].

UNLABELLED: During 1978 to 1987 361 patients (312 female, 49 male) were treated with Variokopf-prosthesis (a bipolar hip prosthesis with a variable head) after femoral neck fracture, per- or subtrochanteric fracture. The mean age was 83 years. During postoperative treatment 73 patients (20.2%) died. 288 could be discharged. 98 of these died before the follow-up examination. The follow-up was possible in 103 cases. A good to satisfactory result was found in 91 cases (88%). A poor result in twelve cases (12%) (Score by Merle d'Aubigne et al.). CONCLUSIONS: 1. The Variokopf-prosthesis is a favourable alternative to a normal hip prosthesis (e.g. Moore), 2. The implantation of a Variokopf-prosthesis was found to be indicated as well in the treatment of medial femoral neck fractures as in special cases in the treatment of per- or subtrochanteric fractures. 3. The operation should be performed soon after the trauma--after a two to three days treatment. 4. The dorsal approach is superior to the lateral in the treatment of hip fractures because of short operating time and the possible early mobilisation of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[2 rare pancreatic tumors as incidental findings. A case report].

We report two cases of rare tumours of the pancreas: one case of a cystadenoma and one case of a PP-oma with no hormonal activity. Both cases were discovered accidentally while screening examination of other reasons. Guided by these cases we draw the following conclusions: 1. Ultrasound is the outstanding screening in diagnosis of rare pancreas tumours. 2. Surgery is the treatment of choice. 3. Final diagnosis can only be made by histology. 4. Immunohistochemistry is the best method in differentiation of endocrine tumours.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A grenade splinter as the cause of cholangitis and icterus].

Forty five years after being injured by a grenade splinter a now 74-year old man suddenly developed colicky pain in the right upper abdomen, accompanied by colourless stools, jaundice and fever. The white cell count was 21,000/microliters, bilirubin was raised to 10.9 mg/dl, and ultrasound examination revealed a sharply circumscribed echo in the distal choledochal duct. Retrograde endoscopic cholangiography revealed a metal-dense concrement, presumably the nidus of gallstone formation. After endoscopic emptying of the bile duct the patient quickly improved so that cholecystectomy could be performed. The long symptom-free interval was most likely due to an at first peripheral position of the splinter in liver tissue. The secretory pressure of the liver cells then probably caused a slow migration into the choledochal duct.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Absence of adaptive response to low-level irradiation from tritiated thymidine and X-rays in lymphocytes of two individuals examined in serial experiments.

No adaptation-like response to the induction of chromatid breaks could be demonstrated for lymphocytes of 2 donors pretreated with tritiated thymidine or 0.01 Gy of X-rays and subsequently exposed to a challenge dose of 1.5 Gy of X-rays. The absence of an adaptive response was already observed for these 2 donors in earlier experiments and is confirmed here under various experimental conditions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Adaptive response after X-irradiation of human lymphocytes?

The induction of an adaptive response of human lymphocytes from three donors exposed to 0.01 or 0.05 Gy of X-rays at 32 h of culture and to 1.5 Gy at 48 h was studied. There was no evidence for a significant reduction of the incidences of chromosomal aberrations in cultures pre-treated with low doses and subsequently exposed to the higher dose compared with cultures exposed to the high dose alone.

Adaptation, Physiological↗