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Biomedical subjects

U Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to U Pedersen.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Malignant tracheal tumor--differential diagnosis in bronchial asthma].

Primary tumours of the trachea are rare and most of the symptoms relate to obstruction of the air passage leading to inspiratory and expiratory stridor. Unfortunately, the inclusion of malignant tracheal neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of onset of wheeze in adults is even more rare than the tumours themselves. We report a case where a tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma presented symptoms suggestive of bronchial asthma. It is emphasized that delay by the physician in diagnosing tracheal tumours is the principal problem, and that adult patients who experience onset of stridor and dyspnoe and do not respond to accepted medical treatment deserve systematic radiographic and endoscopic evaluation of the entire air passage.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in AIDS patients with suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out in 17 consecutive AIDS patients with suspected opportunistic infections. A total number of 23 bronchoscopies were performed and a comparison was made about the effectiveness of the available diagnostic techniques, which included bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchial brushings. The most common cause of pulmonary parenchymal disease was Pneumocystis carinii (7 patients). In 6 of these HIV-positive patients the detection of infection was decisive in making a diagnosis of AIDS. The most effective procedure for diagnosing P. carinii pneumonia was transbronchial lung biopsy (5 patients), while bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial brushings showed P. carinii and 5 and 4 patients respectively. Complications were minor and occurred only in those patients subjected to transbronchial biopsy. Our findings showed that transbronchial biopsy has the highest yield in the diagnosis of P. carinii infection. When all diagnostic components of the bronchoscopic procedures are carried out, very few cases with these infections should be missed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Fractures in polyvinyl chloride tracheostomy tubes.

Fracture in polyvinyl chloride tracheostomy tubes in infants and children has not previously been described. On the basis of two events in the same infant a theory for the pathogenesis is outlined, and measures to prevent future cases are described.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1986

Hearing improvement after stapedectomy: up to 19 years' follow-up period.

The long-term results of 925 stapedectomies were analysed after a mean follow-up period of 15 years. Patients who had the operation before the age of 30 were analysed separately. The entire group deteriorated by an average of 0.91 dB/year at 500-2000 Hz, while the under-30 group deteriorated by 0.67 dB/year. There were but slight differences in the conductive component, considering frequencies and age. The perceptive loss/year was not far from that in a normal population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Histopathology of the stapes in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Conventional histological studies of stapes footplates from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta revealed, in nine out of 15 stapes examined, an otospongiotic-like lesion. Although the morphology of the stapedial lesion was comparable to the early otosclerotic focus, a greater structural disorganization and larger resorption spaces in osteogenesis imperfecta distinguished the two conditions. The histopathology of the stapes was related to the morphology of cortical and trabecular bone from the iliac crest. Various degrees of immature, osteogenic bony tissue were found in the iliac crest, showing no resemblance to the otospongiotic-like focus in the footplate. Even though the histologic appearance of the stapes footplates differed from the findings in peripheral bone, the present study indicates that the stapedial lesion in osteogenesis imperfecta is most likely a manifestation of the generalized bone and connective tissue disorder. The study further supports the view that osteogenesis imperfecta and otosclerosis are of different aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Reduced strength of skin in osteogenesis imperfecta.

The biochemical properties and ratio collagen type I/type III of skin biopsies from nine patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and nine age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Four of six patients with osteogenesis imperfecta Sillence type I had pronounced reductions in skin tensile strength, decreased ratios of collagen type I/type III, primarily accomplished by reduced amounts of collagen type I, moderate or no disability. The three patients with osteogenesis imperfecta Sillence type III had severe skeletal deformities, but normal skin tensile strength, and ratios of collagen type I/type III within the normal range. These observations may be explained as resulting from various structural defects in the type I collagen of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lack of effects of human calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta.

The effects of human calcitonin on bone mineral content and certain biochemical markers of bone metabolism were evaluated in a 2-12 month treatment period in seven patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. S-calcium, S-alkaline phosphatase, S-immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium were found to be within the normal range before and during the treatment period. After 4-5 months of therapy, a slight increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was observed, but the values were still within the normal range. The bone mineral content, measured in the forearm, remained unchanged during the treatment period. Side effects were common, in two cases resulting in discontinuation of the treatment. We concluded that, with the dose of human calcitonin used, it was impossible to detect any beneficial effect in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joints: a case of laryngeal obstruction due to acute and chronic joint changes.

A 63-year-old female with severe rheumatoid arthritis and respiratory obstruction with stridor due to cricoarytenoid (c.a.) arthritis is described. Low voltage radiography of the neck revealed erosive changes in the c.a. joints. At laryngoscopy the arytenoids were fixed in adduction, and there were signs of active arthritis. Corticosteroid therapy was instituted with remarkable effect on the obstruction. After the active arthritis had subsided, there remained limited arytenoid mobility with a glottic chink of about 5 mm, but no laryngeal symptoms.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1979

Bone mineral content in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda and in otosclerosis.

In 22 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and in 63 patients with otosclerosis the bone mineral content in peripheral bones was determined by photon absorptiometry. The bone mineral content proved significantly reduced in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta as compared with normals and with patients with otosclerosis. In the latter patients the bone mineral content was normal. These findings support the assumption that stapedial fixation in otosclerosis and in osteogenesis imperfecta is of different aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Surgical findings and results of stapedectomy in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Nine patients with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda and stapedial fixation (12 ears) are presented. Surgical findings as well as the immediate and long-term results of stapedectomy are described and compared with the results of previous authors. We found firmly fixed footplates in all 12 ears. Only 2 ears had thick and soft footplates. In 10 ears the stapes crura were abnormally slender and brittle, but only 1 had fractured. In 4 ears a troublesome bleeding tendency occurred during the operation. Both the immediate and the long-term hearing results were in general satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum calcitonin and bone mineral content in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Serum calcitonin and bone mineral content in the forearm, measured by photon absorptiometry, were investigated in 21 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. The bone mineral content was significantly reduced as compared with normal controls, whereas the bone mineral content corrected for bone width was normal in adult patients but subnormal in children and young adults. Serum calcitonin did not differ significantly from that in normal individuals and no relation was found between serum calcitonin and bone mineral content.

Adolescent↗