Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to U Rüger.
The author analysed the structure of grown-ups with organic brain damage in early childhood. The study was based on psychoanalytical exploration or treatment of three patients. Typically the patients showed a "schizoid" defect of perception, which was compensated by strong compulsive mechanisms. The genetic, adaptive and structure aspects were discussed on psychoanalytical point of view.
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The possibilities and advantages of a double validation of psychotherapy results are shown. With such a double validation it comes to a reciprocal control of psychometric examination results and of a psychoanalytical rating of patients with the possibility to differentiate specific treatment effects from unspecific ones.
On the occasion of the 9th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the classification and diagnostic problems of neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses were discussed. First, the fundamental difficulties in the classification of mental illnesses were elucidated on the basis of the contrary nature of the nomothetic and idiographic approach. Next, practical problems were discussed with reference to a clinical case study; these problems arise due to the differing professional basic education and experience of the examiners, and they are amplified by the special nature of the term neurosis compared to other psychic disorders. Then, particular difficulties in the classification of psychosomatic illnesses were referred to. Finally, suggestions for future revisions in the ICD were worked out.
Since 1992 a working group called "Operationalized Psychodynamic diagnoses" conceptualized a model of operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis in Germany. This model includes the most important diagnostic dimensions from psychodynamic view which are: Axis I: Experience with illness and treatment preconditions. Axis II: Habituated relationships of the patient, Axis III: Intrapsychic conflicts of the patient, Axis IV: the structure of personality development of the patient, Axis V: The level of symptoms or syndromes. This axis is adapted to ICD-10. The development of these axis is done in special subgroups during 1992 and 1994 and in first empirical studies the reliability and other test-related dimensions of the model were proved. In this paper the essentials of the diagnostic model are shown and further developments are discussed.