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Biomedical subjects

U Rauchfleisch

Publications and source records attributed to U Rauchfleisch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Personality characteristics and renin in essential hypertension.

There may be specific personality differences between some if not all biochemically defined subgroups of patients with essential hypertension. A newly standardized projective test of reactions to frustration, a questionnaire related to such characteristics as aggressiveness and dominance, and a standardized interview were applied to 16 patients with established high renin essential hypertension and 21 patients of similar age with normal renin. High renin patients are significantly less assertive, fail to externalize their aggression, perceive frustration less and try to please others more; they have a stronger need to solve problems immediately yet tend to deny social conflicts. These tendencies are likely to create internal conflict and indicate a psychosomatic component in high renin essential hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnostic significance of ego and superego blocking situations in the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test].

The article deals with an investigation on 200 subjects (4 groups of 50 subjects each: females and males, psychologically healthy persons and neurotics) with the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (PFT). The reactions are analyzed by a modified method: separately for ego- and super-ego-blocking items. The results show that the subjects--apart from diagnosis--perceive ego-blocking situations as frustrating and react to them in a non-aggressive way (depreciating the conflict, complaisant reactions, passivity). In contrast to this the super-ego-blocking items provoke more aggressive impulses. For differential diagnostic purpose especially the ego-blocking items are significant: the neurotics are characterized by avoiding conflicts and withdrawal, while the psychologically healthy subjects show a greater ability to handle conflictual situations in an active way. It is proposed to use this modification (ego vs. super-ego-blocking items) also for follow-up studies (therapy-control) and for the investigation of patients with different ego-structure (for example schizophrenics, borderline personalities, patients with transference neuroses).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Aggression inhibition and increased sympathetic nervous reactivity in the development of essential hypertension].

Suppressed aggression and activity of the sympathetic nervous system were assessed in two risk groups for essential hypertension, viz. 24 borderline hypertensives (18 men, 6 women, age range 18-24, 18 with a family history of hypertension) and 24 normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, and in a control group exactly matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. In the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, both potential hypertensive groups were significantly less aggressive compared with the controls, and additionally the borderline hypertensives internalized their aggression. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations, as a marker for sympathetic nervous system activity, increased significantly before and during mental stressors (Stroop colour-word conflict test, mental arithmetic) in both groups, whereas in normotensive controls no significant increase occurred. These findings point to a psychosomatic factor in the development of essential hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The psychiatric significance of dermatitis artefacta.

A total of 71 patients (12 males and 59 females) who attended the University Skin Clinic of Basle in the years 1956-1982, have been investigated by a dermatologist, a psychiatrist and a psychologist. Among 55 female patients (group I and II) 14 had a suicide attempt in their history. Of the 39 female patients of group I 25 (64%) had suffered from a stressful childhood event. Of group I (39 female patients) 19 (48.7%) had had psychiatric therapy in the past or at the time of investigation; 23 patients (59%) had suffered from depressions either in the past or at the time of investigation. Among group II (16 patients) 11 (68.7%) had had psychiatric therapy in the past or at the time of investigation. The psychological test investigation (Colour Pyramid Test and Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test) revealed artefact patients to be in a state of considerable depressive-aggressive tension without being able to handle their emotions and impulses in an adequate manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Personality of amateur boxers--results of a psychological test study].

From March 1980 to October 1980 125 amateur-boxers have been investigated neurologically (anamnesis, neurologic status, EEG) and by a test-psychological examination (Benton-Test, Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test d2, Color Pyramid Test, Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test, Freiburger Personality Inventory). In the group of these subjects a striking accumulation of personalities with depressive problems and aggressive inhibition which are not perceived by the subjects themselves was found. This observation is understood as pointing to the fact that for these individuals boxing is the (successful) attempt to master their latent conflicts. Only in a few cases we found personalities with manifest neurotic symptoms. Characteristically these individuals suffered from depressive and aggressive conflicts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Personality of patients with dermatologic artefacts].

35 female patients with dermatological artefacts being treated in the University Skin Clinic Basel have been investigated by a dermatologist, a psychiatrist, and a psychologist. The testpsychological examination with the Color Pyramid Test and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test yielded a striking uniform picture: The patients showed strong intrapsychic tension, severe depressivity, inhibition of aggression, affective inhibition, low frustration tolerance, weak ego-integration (with tendencies to break outs of impulses) and autoaggressive tendencies. These results point to a depressive and schizoid-narcissistic personality-structure. The manipulations at the skin have different functions: by causing pain to themselves the patients try to feel their body-boundaries and to avoid fragmentations in the body-self; on the tactile level emotional experiences of early childhood should be (re)-activated; the artefact should draw the attention of the surroundings to the emotional suffering of the patient. Concerning therapy, it is important that the doctor to whom the patients come first is ready to offer therapeutic talks. In these discussions the situation in which the artefact was done, with its psychodynamic background, should be explored and the therapist should help the patient to find other ways than artefacts to articulate his needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative socioeconomic, anamnestic and psychological studies of patients with uterine myoma and uterine prolapse].

30 female patients with the diagnosis of "uterus myomatosus" and a control group of also 30 women with the diagnosis "descensus uteri et vaginae" were examined by a standardized questionnaire containing socio-economic, anamnestic and psychological data. To get information about their personality the "Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar" (Freiburg Personality Inventory), half-form A, was administered at the end of the interview. The age limits were 35 and 55 years. The main socio-economic results are the following: during childhood and adolescence the myom-patients lived mainly near towns (p less than 0,01). The women of this group have better relationships to their husbands than the descensus-patients (p less than 0,01) and the husbands of the myom-patients are more often (p less than 0,01) of the same age or younger than their women. 18 out of the 30 women of the myom-group (i.e. more than 50%) said that their wish to become a mother has not been fulfilled while this answer was given by none of the 30 descensus-patients (p less than 0,01). The question is discussed in how far the uterus-myom can be understood as a somatic expression of the frustrated wish to get a child, as a "compensatory growth". Beside this, the authors are aware of the fact that other aspects, f.e. hormonal factors, may be important.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Comparative follow-up survey of psychiatric invalids].

Within a five-years-period data about 200 psychic disabled patients (100 from the canton of Basel-country, and 100 from the canton of Basel-town) were collected in respect to their person as well as to the progress of their illness. These patients differed from the general population in the following important points: More single people (unmarried and divorced persons) are found that in the general population of the same age (p less than 0.01). Foreigners are underrepresented (p less than 0.01). Subdivided into social classes (Bolte) it was striking that 71% of the patients belong to the lower class, whereas the upper class is not represented. 10.5% of all patients were not able to finish their professional education because of their illness. Schizophrenia was the most mentioned diagnosis (46.5%), followed by the diagnosis "abnormal psychic development" (inclusively neuroses: 34.5%). The progress of illness shows that 7% of all patients did not need the invalidity-pension any more after five years. Half of them are patients who fell ill already in the late puberty. Patients who were taken ill on abnormal psychic development after their 40th year show unfavourable progress of illness: Except for one foreign patient and two of nine patients who returned to their home-country and who were not included in this study, no tendency of recovery has been noticed. The number of patients who died during the five years of observation (21 deceased on 200 living) is very high. This figure of mortality is 7.4 times (canton of Basel-country) and 8.1 times (canton of Basel-town) higher than the mortality of the same age group of the general population. It is also higher in comparison with the average of the respective illness groups as stated by Ciompi and Müller. The cause of death is suicide in 48%. In another 24%, suicidal impulses could have been inherent. Also the number of hospitalisations is very high: Only 22% of the patients were never in a hospital. In comparison 12% were once and 66% more than once or longer than one year in a hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Comparative socio-economic follow-up study of patients with psychogenic depressions and alcohol- and drug dependencies with and without suicide attempts (author's transl)].

A catamnestic examination in the sense of a pilot study concerning 104 patients having been treated between 1972 and 1976 in the Basle Psychiatric University outpatient clinic was centered on preponderately the following items "former psychiatric treatment", "suicidal attempts", "socioeconomic conditions", childhood" and "conditions of habitations". The collective of patients was presented by 52 psychogenic depressives and 52 alcohol- respectively drug-dependants. Of each group half of the patients had one or more suicidal attempts behind them. The comparison of the 2 diagnostic groups and of the patients with suicidal attempts with those who had never attempted suicide showed, among other significant findings, that the patients with suicidal attempts lived in the childhood and in the actual situations in worse conditions of habitation than those having never attempted suicide. This correlation was interpreted as a consequence of direct confinement by a narrow space and indirect confinement by pathological interactions and disturbances in the self development.

Achievement↗