Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to U Reiser.
The results presented in this article indicate that quantitative computed tomography provides a reliable means of evaluating and monitoring the many forms of osteoporosis and its various treatments. The greatest advantages of spinal QCT for noninvasive bone mineral measurement are its high precision, the high sensitivity of the vertebral spongiosa measurement site, and the potential for widespread application.
Whole body CT opens a third dimension-in addition with the advantage of being a non-invasive method with relatively negligible risk. Both, the normal CT findings of the adrenal gland and the normal variants in shape and position are described. With help of morphometry and image processing measurements of the size of the adrenal gland of 20 healthy patients were made and are listed; not only the respective normal variants but also hypo-hyperplasia are pointed out. Some examples are suitable for the illustration of pathologic conditions, such as inflammation and benign and malignant primary and secondary neoplasis. Finally, the value of adrenal gland CT is discussed with reference to the other radiologic methods.
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Several cases selected from a group of 67 patients with bony lesions (primary benign and malignant neoplasia, secondary neoplasia and metabolic disorders) serve to demonstrate the significant information gained by CT compared to that gained by conventional radiographic methods including angiography and bone scanning. CT is advantageous in showing the exact intra- and extraosseous extent of the lesion--helpful for further diagnosis and therapy. Measurements of length, area, volume and density can help to narrow down the differential diagnosis and they aid in follow-up examinations. CT supplements conventional radiographic methods and in some cases may even replace them, e.g. angiography.
The effect of respiratory movement of abdominal organs on computer tomography is illustrated. Methods for an objective evaluation of the reproducibility of tomograms are presented. A procedure for the quantitative determination of the respiratory movement of abdominal organs using computer tomography is described.
A method for the in vivo investigation of the mineral distribution in human vertebral bodies by the aid of computed tomography is presented. The attenuation coefficients resulting from transversal tomograms of vertebral spongiosa are compared with the results of bone ashing from in vitro investigations. Computed tomography values, ash weights and photodensitometric values show a high degree of correlation.
Initially, the hitherto existing radiographic methods of investigating the adrenal gland are demonstrated. Whole body CT opens a third dimension--in addition to being a non invasive method without risk. The normal CT findings of the adrenal gland are described, as well as the normal variants in shape and position. With help of morphometry and image manipulation, measurements of the size of the adrenal gland in 20 healthy patients were made and are being listed; and the respective normal variants as well as hypo- and hyperplasia are pointed out. Some examples serve to illustrate pathologic conditions, such as inflammation and benign and malignant primary and secondary neoplasia. Finally, the value of adrenal gland CT is discussed in reference to the other existing respective radiographic methods.
Quantitative CT (QCT) is an established method for the noninvasive assessment of bone mineral content in the vertebral spongiosum and other anatomic locations. The potential strengths of QCT relative to dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) are its capability for precise three-dimensional anatomic localization providing a direct density measurement and its capability for spatial separation of highly responsive cancellous bone from less responsive cortical bone. The extraction of this quantitative information from the CT image, however, requires sophisticated calibration and positioning techniques and careful technical monitoring.