Biomedical subjects

U Rosenhall

Publications and source records attributed to U Rosenhall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Cerebral dysfunction in fibromyalgia: evidence from regional cerebral blood flow measurements, otoneurological tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, auditory brain stem responses (ABR) and oculomotor tests were performed in 19 patients with fibromyalgia. The results from the rCBF measurements showed a normal flow level with slight but significant focal flow decreases in dorsolateral frontal cortical areas of both hemispheres. The ABR results showed signs of dysfunction at least at the brain stem level and the oculomotor tests showed high frequency of pathology. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed discrete changes in the cell differential count. Possible explanations for the involvement of the central nervous system in fibromyalgia are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Auditory brainstem response latencies in patients with tinnitus.

Two groups of patients with annoying tinnitus were studied with brainstem response audiometry. One group comprised 56 patients with normal hearing or slight hearing loss and another of 57 patients with moderate to pronounced sensorineural hearing loss. The patients were compared with 220 controls matched regarding gender, age, and hearing loss. Two patterns of abnormalities were found. One is a prolongation of wave I accompanied by a prolongation of waves III and V, findings which are consistent with a lesion in the peripheral auditory system. The other is a lengthening of the III-V IPL, indicating a dysfunction in the brainstem. Both patterns occurred most often in tinnitus patients with normal hearing or slight hearing loss.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The Johanneberg study--a sociomedical survey in an urban elderly population. I. General presentation of the study including an analysis of non-response and identification of risk groups.

This study is the Swedish part of a world-wide transcultural and interdisciplinary study in elderly populations which addresses food habits, health and life-style. The aim of this paper is to present the general design including an analysis of non-response, and to identify risk-groups for intervention programmes. The study comprised 217 noninstitutionalized males (n = 73) and females (n = 144), aged 70 and over (mean age 78 years) in a small urban area. Home visits and clinical examinations with standard methods were used. The participation rate was 76%. Significant differences between non-respondents and respondents could be seen, which may be important when planning health promotion. On the basis of experiences during the examinations, a risk-group was identified for prospective and intervention study purposes, based on a multiple variable model and a clinical model.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

Phase audiometry in neuroaudiological practice.

Six groups of subjects, altogether 107 in number, were studied with phase audiometry. Three control groups were studied (normal-hearing healthy controls, persons with cochlear hearing losses, and patients with neurological disease not affecting the auditory system), and three patient groups were studied (patients with cerebellopontine angle tumours, with brainstem lesions, and with temporal lobe lesions). Two phase audiometers were used. The sensitivity was 85% for patients with cerebellopontine angle tumours, 71% for patients with brainstem lesions, and 69% for patients with temporal lobe lesions. There was good agreement between the phase audiometers, though one of them (BIAB Phase Audiometer) had better results for two of the patient groups. Phase audiometry can be recommended in neuroaudiological practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Longitudinal study of changes in speech perception between 70 and 81 years of age.

As part of a large gerontological study in Göteborg, Sweden, 376 randomly selected men and women born in 1901-1902 underwent pure-tone and speech audiometry at the age of 70 years in 1971-1972. The survivors of the 1901-1902 cohort were tested again at the ages of 75, 79 and 81 years. A second group consisting of 297 men and women born in 1906 was also tested with pure-tone and speech audiometry at the ages of 70 and 75 years. We found that the median speech discrimination scores for the 1901-1902 cohort decreased moderately with increasing age: between the ages of 70 and 81 years scores decrease 10% for men and 8% for women for the worse ear and 7 and 6% for the better ear in this group. The median speech reception threshold increased 15 dB over the 11-year period for both men and women, an increase in good agreement with the increase in the pure-tone threshold over this period. Those born in 1906 had a slightly lower discrimination score (4%) when tested at the age of 70 years compared to those born in 1901 tested at the same age. As many as half of the 81-year-old persons would have a theoretical benefit from hearing aid amplification.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Correlations between self-assessed hearing handicap and standard audiometric tests in elderly persons.

The relationship between self-assessed hearing handicap and audiometric measures using pure-tone and speech audiometry was studied in a group of elderly persons representative of an urban Swedish population. The study population consisted of two cohorts, one of which was followed longitudinally. Significant correlations between measured and self-assessed hearing were found. Speech discrimination scores showed lower correlations with the self-estimated hearing than pure-tone averages and speech reception threshold. Questions concerning conversation with one person and concerning difficulty in hearing the doorbell showed lower correlations with measured hearing than the other questions. The discrimination score test is an inadequate tool for measuring hearing handicap.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Tinnitus in old age.

From the gerontological and geriatric study of 70-year-olds in Göteborg, Sweden, 674 persons were selected to participate in an investigation of tinnitus in old age. The subjects belonged to two cohorts, one of which was followed longitudinally at ages 75 and 79. Some 8-15% of the participants had continuous tinnitus and 20-42% occasional tinnitus. The prevalence of tinnitus was about the same for men as for women. There were significant correlations between tinnitus and exposure to occupational noise. Men with continuous tinnitus had, on average, been exposed to noise for 20-30 years, in contrast to men without tinnitus who had noise exposure of 11-15 years, on average. Those with continuous tinnitus had poorer pure-tone thresholds than those without tinnitus or with occasional tinnitus. Noise-induced hearing loss is an important etiological factor, especially for old men, but other types of hearing losses such as presbyacusis, Ménière's disease, otosclerosis and chronic otitis media also contribute to tinnitus.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Oculomotor disturbances in patients with tension headache treated with acupuncture or physiotherapy.

Forty-eight female patients with chronic tension headache were randomized into two treatment groups--acupuncture and physiotherapy. The patients were examined using oculomotor tests. Intensity of the headache and tenderness of the trapezius muscles were assessed in accordance with graded scales. The mean velocity gain for smooth pursuit eye movements improved for all target velocities both in the physiotherapy group and in the acupuncture group. The latency was reduced for all three gaze angles in the physiotherapy group while no improvement occurred in the acupuncture group. There was a reduction of headache intensity in both groups while tenderness of the trapezius muscles was reduced in the physiotherapy group but unchanged in the acupuncture group. A significant correlation was found between average of the mean velocity gain and tenderness of the trapezius muscles.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed1990

Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss.

In a longitudinal and an age cohort comparing study the influence of aging and occupational noise exposure on hearing sensitivity was studied. The participants of the longitudinal study were studied at 70, 75, and 79 years of age. Seventy year old men exposed to occupational noise had 10 to 15 dB poorer hearing in the high frequency range than nonexposed men. The difference in hearing acuity decreased with increasing age. The differences between exposed and nonexposed older persons was no longer significant at age 79. In women there were no differences in hearing sensitivity between those exposed to noise and those not exposed to noise. Men not exposed to noise had 10 to 15 dB poorer hearing at 4 kHz compared with women of the same age also not exposed to noise.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

Hearing impairment in patients with antibody production against Borrelia burgdorferi antigen.

This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which hearing disorders may be a result of tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi infection. 98 patients with different patterns of hearing dysfunction were studied. The patients had a history of sudden hearing loss, disorders similar to Menière's disease, or hearing loss in combination with acute facial palsy or with vertigo. Serum antibodies against the B burgdorferi antigen were determined during the acute and convalescent periods. 17 patients (17%) showed serological evidence of borreliosis (reciprocal titre of 320 or above). All but 3 of these patients also had vertigo and 3 subjects had peripheral facial palsy. All the 17 patients were treated with high doses of intravenous benzylpenicillin. The hearing of 5 patients improved on treatment. Although the specificity of antibody production against borrelia antigen has not been completely clarified, it is concluded that repeated serological examinations are worthwhile in patients with unexplained hearing disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Otoneurological abnormalities in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients.

Twenty-four male patients, all homosexual except one, with asymptomatic HIV-infection were studied. The patients had no signs of opportunistic CNS-infections but 6 had been treated for syphilis. The patients were tested with auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry and with oculomotor tests (saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements). The ABR-recordings were pathological in 38% of the cases and the oculomotor tests in 50% of the cases. Abnormality of either one or of both methods were seen in 67% of the patients tested. The duration of the HIV-infection had no influence on the test results. The abnormal otoneurological tests indicate that occult CNS-dysfunction is a frequent finding in asymptomatic HIV-positive patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

Changes in pure-tone thresholds in individuals aged 70-81: results from a longitudinal study.

The results of audiometric evaluation of 376 randomly selected men and women, 70 years old and born in 1901, are reported. The investigation is part of a large study on a gerontological population in which the original participants were tested again with pure-tone and speech audiometry at ages 75, 79 and 81. We also report audiometric results obtained at ages 70 and 75 from a second group, consisting of 297 men and women born in 1906. Hearing loss was most pronounced at higher frequencies for both sexes, and men had an average of 10 dB greater hearing loss at 8 kHz than women. The decrease in hearing threshold in men between the ages of 70 and 81 was more pronounced at 2 kHz (27 dB) than at 4 and 8 kHz (15 and 20 dB, respectively). The average hearing loss in women increased at a constant rate between the ages of 70 and 79 (15 dB), while between the ages of 79 and 81 the changes in pure-tone threshold was minimal. There were no significant differences in pure-tone thresholds for women born in 1901 when compared to those born in 1906 at the ages of 70 and 75. However, men born in 1906 had a more pronounced hearing loss at the age of 75 than those born in 1901.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

Oculomotor findings in autistic children.

Eleven children with infantile autism or autistic-like conditions were examined with oculomotor tests and with auditory brainstem response audiometry. Measurements of voluntary, horizontal non-predictable saccades showed that the eye motor function was abnormal in six (55 per cent) of the eleven patients. The saccades were hypometric in all six instances and the saccadic velocity was reduced in four instances. The abnormalities observed are consistent with brain dysfunction, in most cases probably indicating pontocerebellar involvement. In five instances ABR was found to be abnormal which indicates brainstem dysfunction. Oculomotor dysfunction and/or ABR abnormality was observed in eight (73 per cent) of the patients studied.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Positional nystagmus.

Positional nystagmus (PN) appears in certain positions of the head. The peripheral type of PN is a paroxysmal nystagmus which appears after a latent period and which has both adaptation and fatigability. Positional vertigo of the peripheral type can sometimes be related to middle ear affections or head trauma, causing detachment of otoconia in the vestibular apparatus. The condition can also be correlated to disturbed blood circulation, ageing, vascular loops and Borreliosis. PN of the central type is direction changing and does not have a latent period or adaptation and fatigability. Etiological factors are drugs, posterior fossa tumours, vascular disturbance and multiple sclerosis.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗

PubMed1988

Sensitivity and specificity of audiological tests in patients with vertigo.

In patients with vertigo a comprehensive test battery has been used for localizing pathological processes responsible for the symptoms. Audiological tests have been an integral part of the otoneurological investigation. However, in many studies the diagnostic sharpness of psychoacoustic tests in the localization of specific disease in the cranial nerve system has been called in question. Other tests, such as stapedius reflex and auditory brainstem response, have been of increasing importance in the diagnostic set-up. The purpose of this paper is to present a survey of the literature regarding the position of audiological tests in otoneurology.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1988

Hearing capacity in samples of men from the general population. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

The auditory pure-tone thresholds and a number of factors affecting hearing were studied in a sample of 767 60-year-old men and 220 50-year-old men from the general population of Gothenburg, Sweden. There was a good correlation between self-reported hearing and measured hearing acuity. The auditory function in this study was generally poorer than in other comparable studies, which probably reflects the influence of an urban industrialized environment on hearing. The hearing acuity of the right ear was generally better than that of the left. This was not entirely due to selective noise exposure but possibly partly due to a biological difference between the two ears. The two predominant factors affecting the hearing were noise exposure and otitis media sequelae, assessed as tympanic membrane pathology. Noise exposure mainly affected the high-frequency range, whereas middle ear pathology affected all frequencies and was added to noise-induced hearing loss. Men from low social classes had poorer hearing than men in higher social classes. This gradient persisted to some extent when noise exposure and tympanic membrane pathology were taken into account. About 11% of the 60-year-old men and 4% of the 50-year-old men fulfilled the criteria for hearing aid amplification, illustrating the need for such equipment in the short-term perspective, and noise protection in the long run.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗

PubMed1988

Borrelia infection in patients with vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss.

Tick-borne Borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. Neurologic manifestations are common. The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the cochleovestibular functions are involved in this disease. A total of 73 patients with vertigo were studied. The patients had Meniere-like conditions, positional vertigo or unilateral loss of the vestibular function. Antibodies in serum to the Borrelia spirochete were determined in the acute and convalescent periods. Ten patients, 14 per cent, had serological evidence of Borreliosis. All these patients had severe vertigo and four of them had sensorineural hearing loss, furthermore they had positional nystagmus and the nystagmus showed patterns of both central and/or peripheral vestibular lesions. Treatment with high doses of penicillin-G was favourable in five of the patients with vertigo and in one patient with sensorineural hearing loss. Borrelia infection is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo and/or sensorineural hearing loss of unknown origin.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Clinical observations of effects on central nervous system in patients with acute facial palsy.

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with acute unilateral facial palsy were examined with special reference to clinical signs of central nervous system involvement. The clinical investigation in the acute stage of the disease showed that only seven patients had solitary facial nerve dysfunction, while the remaining patients had evidence of more widespread disease involvement. The most frequent finding was a trigeminal dysfunction of the paretic side, as shown by paresthesia and sensibility disturbance corresponding to the sensoritrigeminal area, as well as a dysfunction of the trigeminal component of the corneal reflex of the paretic side. Three patients showed migrating symptoms that were suggestive of a brain-stem disorder. In addition, four patients had an optic neuropathy, while an abnormal brain-stem audiometry response was demonstrated in five patients. The outcome of acute facial palsy one to two years after onset, however, could not be predicted from the clinical central nervous system signs. The degree of the palsy in the acute stage of the disease still seemed to be one of the most important prognostic factors. It is concluded that acute facial palsy is not a single entity, but rather a feature of different neurologic conditions.

Acute Disease↗