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U Sechtem

Publications and source records attributed to U Sechtem.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Aortic stenosis with low transvalvular pressure gradients and impaired left ventricular function. Dobutamine stress echocardiography helps in therapy planning].

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement is recommended in case of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. This decision is difficult for patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis and severely impaired left ventricular function because of high perioperative mortality in this group. Although aortic valve replacement is usually justified if severe aortic stenosis is proved, patients with primary myocardial dysfunction and subsequent reduced aortic valve opening do not benefit from aortic valve replacement. Distinguishing these two groups of patients is necessary but not possible with echocardiography at rest. Positive inotropic stimulation with dobutamine stress echocardiography enables a more reliable graduation of aortic stenosis under these circumstances. CASE REPORT: We report on a symptomatic 58-year-old man with aortic stenosis and severely impaired left ventricular function. Using echocardiography at rest, there was a severely reduced aortic valve area of 0.6 cm2 and a mean pressure gradient of 24 mm Hg. Determined by cardiac catheterization, the peak-to-peak gradient was 20 mm Hg and the aortic valve area calculated by the Gorlin formula was 0.6 cm2. After positive inotropic stimulation using dobutamine stress echocardiography, the aortic valve area increased to 1.5 cm2 indicating an only moderate aortic stenosis. Thus aortic valve replacement was not performed and myocardial failure was medically treated. After 1.5 years of follow-up, the patient is in good condition and without complaints.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2001

Vascular remodeling in atherosclerotic coronary arteries is affected by plaque composition.

BACKGROUND: Narrowing of lumen in atherosclerotic lesions is determined not solely by accumulation of plaque but also by constrictive or expansive vascular remodeling. Underlying mechanisms and determinants of these bidirectional processes are not known. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the response of vascular remodeling to progressive atherosclerosis by analyzing its potential association with composition of plaque. METHODS: Seventy patients with 77 de-novo coronary artery lesions underwent intravascular ultrasound imaging before coronary intervention. Target lesions were defined as soft, fibrous/mixed, and calcified plaques. Quantitative measurements of area of lumen (A(L)), total area of vessel (A(TV)) and area of plaque (A(P) = A(TV)-A(L)) were performed at the lesion site and at the proximal and distal reference sites. Remodeling was determined by using a remodeling index [I(R) = (stenosis of A(TV)/mean reference A(TV)) x 100]. RESULTS: Overall vascular remodeling was balanced with a mean remodeling index of 100.2+/-19.3% and a high interlesion range (60.2-152.4%). The remodeling index for soft lesions was significantly higher than those for fibrous/mixed and calcified lesions (110+/-18.8 versus 96.2+/-14.4 and 85.9+/-15.1%, P < 0.01). Calcified lesions exhibited lower remodeling indexes than did uncalcified lesions (85.9+/-15.1 versus 104.6+/-18.4%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Processes involved in vascular remodeling are affected by composition of plaque insofar as there is a higher prevalence of constrictive remodeling among calcified plaques and a higher prevalence of expansive remodeling among soft lesions. These findings indicate that constrictive remodeling is a late manifestation in atherogenesis. Future studies are warranted in order to enhance the understanding of progression of atherosclerosis, and of mechanisms of vascular remodeling and their impacts on interventional therapy.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Diagnosis and therapy of an intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 79 year-old female presented with severe chest pain and shortness of breath. INVESTIGATIONS: The chest X-ray showed a widened mediastinum and a small left-sided pleural effusion. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated not only dilatation of the ascending aorta and aortic regurgitation but also an echo-poor crescentic seam within the aortic wall. Computed tomography identified this structure as an intramural hematoma. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The aortic valve and the ascending aorta were replaced. CONCLUSION: An intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta may be difficult to recognize but it is a life-threatening condition and should be treated by prompt surgical repair.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease.

CONTEXT: Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical emergency associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Data are limited regarding the effect of recent imaging and therapeutic advances on patient care and outcomes in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the presentation, management, and outcomes of acute aortic dissection. DESIGN: Case series with patients enrolled between January 1996 and December 1998. Data were collected at presentation and by physician review of hospital records. SETTING: The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection, consisting of 12 international referral centers. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 464 patients (mean age, 63 years; 65.3% male), 62.3% of whom had type A dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presenting history, physical findings, management, and mortality, as assessed by history and physician review of hospital records. RESULTS: While sudden onset of severe sharp pain was the single most common presenting complaint, the clinical presentation was diverse. Classic physical findings such as aortic regurgitation and pulse deficit were noted in only 31.6% and 15.1% of patients, respectively, and initial chest radiograph and electrocardiogram were frequently not helpful (no abnormalities were noted in 12.4% and 31.3% of patients, respectively). Computed tomography was the initial imaging modality used in 61.1%. Overall in-hospital mortality was 27.4%. Mortality of patients with type A dissection managed surgically was 26%; among those not receiving surgery (typically because of advanced age and comorbidity), mortality was 58%. Mortality of patients with type B dissection treated medically was 10.7%. Surgery was performed in 20% of patients with type B dissection; mortality in this group was 31.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Acute aortic dissection presents with a wide range of manifestations, and classic findings are often absent. A high clinical index of suspicion is necessary. Despite recent advances, in-hospital mortality rates remain high. Our data support the need for continued improvement in prevention, diagnosis, and management of acute aortic dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Magnetic resonance tomography in clinical cardiology].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a well-established method for the diagnosis of diseases of the heart and the great vessels. Almost 20% of all patients cannot be completely examined by transthoracic echocardiography. In this patient group, MRI can be used as a second line technique to provide important diagnostic information not obtainable by echocardiography. However, there are clinical problems for which MRI may be used as the first line technique such as complex congenital heart disease, diseases of the great vessels, pericardial disease or cardiac tumors. MRI is undergoing rapid technical improvement and this will further improve the diagnostic utility of the technique, especially in patients with coronary artery disease.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Determinants of mortality after cardiac surgery: results of the registry of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Kardiologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALKK) on 10 525 patients.

BACKGROUND: Mortality from cardiac surgery is an essential indicator of quality and forms the basis of treatment strategy decisions in eligible patients. No contemporary complete data on unselected adult cardiac surgery patients are available in Germany. METHODS AND RESULTS: A registry was started in June 1997 of all patients referred to surgery from 85 cardiology centres in Germany. The registry was intended to include 10 000 patients and this number was reached in March 1998. Follow-up of the patients was by simple questionnaire, reporting the date of surgery, major complications, and symptomatic improvement. If the questionnaire was not returned, a reminder letter was sent and, if necessary, further telephone investigations were performed. This resulted in 99.9% complete data. Of 10 525 patients operated on, 3.91% had died by 30 days after surgery. The overall operative mortality was 4.57%, which included 69 patients who died after more than 30 days from complications related to surgery. By multivariate analysis, the following predictors of mortality were identified: previous surgery, emergency or complex operation; age >75 years, female gender, cardiac failure, angina CCS class IV, and three-vessel coronary disease. An integral part of the registry was a pre-operative prediction of surgical risk in five categories. This risk estimate revealed a surprisingly correct prediction of the mortality observed. CONCLUSIONS: In a representative unselected group of cardiac surgery patients, operative mortality was 4.57%. Several procedural and clinical parameters were significantly correlated with mortality, but the risk increment by each of these factors was small. Unstructured clinical judgement reliably predicted the operative risk.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Head to head comparison of dobutamine-transoesophageal echocardiography and dobutamine-magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of left ventricular functional recovery in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.

AIMS: A substantial number of patients with dysfunctional but potentially viable myocardium cannot be accurately evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography due to a poor acoustic window. This study compares the diagnostic value of alternative functional imaging techniques, such as dobutamine-transoesophageal echocardiography (dobutamine-TEE) and dobutamine magnetic resonance imaging (dobutamine-MRI) for the detection of viable myocardium and the prediction of left ventricular functional recovery in patients with chronic coronary artery disease following successful revascularization procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rest and low-dose (5, 10 microg dobutamine x min(-1) x kg(-1)) multiplane dobutamine-TEE and ultrafast cine-MRI studies were performed in 103 patients. Contractile recovery of an infarct region was predicted if a dobutamine contraction reserve could be assessed visually by TEE or MRI in > or =50% of infarct-related a- or dyskinetic segments. Revascularization of the infarct-related vessel was successful in 88 patients, and 4.9 +/- 0.7 months later 52 patients still had an angiographically controlled open target vessel. These patients underwent another rest MRI study to assess left ventricular functional recovery. A dobutamine contraction reserve was observed in 27/52 (52%) patients by TEE and in 26/52 (50%) patients by MRI. Functional improvement of the infarct region was diagnosed in 28/52 (54%) patients. The positive and negative predictive accuracy of dobutamine-TEE and dobutamine-MRI for the prediction of left ventricular functional recovery was not significantly different (85% vs 92%, ns and 80% vs 85%, ns). Diagnosis of a predominantly viable infarct region by TEE and MRI predicted a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (TEE: 12 +/- 8% vs 2 +/- 7% P<0.001, MRI: 13 +/- 7% vs 2 +/- 7%, P<0.001) compared to infarct regions graded as scar. CONCLUSION: A qualitative visual analysis of TEE and MRI viability studies is highly accurate for the prediction of left ventricular functional recovery in patients with dysfunctional myocardium and proved to be a clinically valuable alternative if transthoracic dobutamine-echocardiography is unsuitable. To date, TEE is cardiologists' preferred choice for the assessment of myocardial viability but MRI may become significantly more attractive with increasing local availability and experience.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[30-day mortality after heart surgery: a pilot project of the Working Party of Directors of Hospital Cardiology Departments].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: 30-day mortality after operation is generally accepted as a central standard of quality, especially in regard to cardiac operations. The Working Party of Directors of Hospital Cardiology Departments (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Kardiologischer Krankenhausärzte, ALKK) in Germany set up a pilot project to analyse whether by direct communication with patients by a database centre the expenditure incurred in collecting complete data can be decisively reduced and full documentation of outcome can in this way be obtained even for a large multi-centre patient cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1.6.1997 and 31.3.1998, data were consecutively collected by questionnaire on all patients registered for a cardiac operation at 85 of the 135 ALKK centres. The questionnaire included data about each patient and the indication for operation as well as the estimate of operative risk, assigned to one of five risk categories by the referring cardiologist either alone or in conjunction with the cardiac surgeon. RESULTS: Until 30.9.1998, the data were obtained on 11,349 patients who had given informed consent (response rate 99.99%), including survival figures. 824 (7.3%) patients had not undergone the planned cardiac surgery, 134 having died before the data of operation. The 30-day postoperative mortality, obtained in 99.99% of the 10,525 patients, was 3.92%. The operative mortality was lowest, at 3.73%, for aortocoronary bypass only (n = 7932), highest for aortocoronary bypass plus valvular operation (n = 785), at 8.04%. There was good agreement between the cardiologists' preoperative risk assessment and the observed mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day mortality after cardiac operation can be obtained almost completely and with reasonable expenditure even for a large patient cohort. The results confirm that hospital mortality data definitely understate the overall operative risk. The methodology used in this pilot project, namely the inclusion of information from the patients by questionnaire, can also be applied to clinical results in other areas.

Adult↗