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Biomedical subjects

U Y Ryo

Publications and source records attributed to U Y Ryo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Scintigraphic thyroid abnormalities after radiation. A controlled study with 99mTc pertechnetate scanning.

We did 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy on 99 subjects with no history of therapeutic irradiation to the head or neck. They were compared with 198 irradiated patients selected from a group of over 1700 who were evaluated because of radiation treatment for benign head and neck conditions during childhood. The two groups were similar with respect to age and sex distribution. There were significantly more abnormal scintigrams in the irradiated group (55 of 198 patients versus one of 99 controls). Even after patients and controls with palpable nodules were excluded from the analysis there were still more abnormal scintigrams in the irradiated group (16 of 150 irradiated versus one of 97 control subjects). We conclude that thyroid nodules, including the smaller, nonpalpable nodules discovered by scintigraphy, are related to previous radiation therapy. For persons at substantial risk, such as those who received high-dose treatment (greater than 700 R) during childhood, the data support the use of screening scintigraphy, even with normal findings on palpation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of radionuclide brain scan and computerized tomography for the detection of intracranial infections.

The findings of radionuclide brain scans are computerized tomography (CT) were compared in 25 consecutive patients with intracranial infectious disease. Seventeen of the 25 patients had diffuse disease and eight had brain abscesses. The radionuclide scans showed abnormalities in 13 of the 17 patients with diffuse inflammatory disease, whereas th CT scans showed abnormalities compatible with inflammatory disease in five. All eight abscesses were demonstrated on the radionuclide scans, whereas the CT scans indicated abnormalities in seven cases. The authors conclude that the radionuclide brain scan is more sensitive than the CT scan for the demonstration of diffuse intracranial infectious disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Continuing occurrence of thyroid nodules after head and neck irradiation. Relation to plasma thyroglobulin concentration.

We re-examined 158 subjects from a group of 226 previously normal persons who had received head and neck irradiation, 113 with elevated plasma thyroglobulin levels at their first visit and 113 with normal levels. Twenty-four subjects had thyroid scintigrams that had changed in the follow-up interval of 24 to 60 (mean = 45.3) months. Twelve subjects subsequently had thyroidectomy, and five malignancies were found. In the other 12 the changes tended to be more subtle, but in nine they very likely represented thyroid nodules. We conclude that the prevalence of radiation-induced nodules is not decreasing. More changes (17 of 24) occurred in subjects who initially had elevated plasma thyroglobulin levels (p less than 0.05). However, the difference was not significant when the analysis was limited to the almost certain development of a nodule. Longer follow-up will be needed to ascertain whether a high thyroglobulin level predicts a greater risk of developing thyroid nodules.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Significance of extrathyroidal uptake of Tc-99m and I-123 in the thyroid scan: concise communication.

Areas of extrathyroidal uptake were noted on thyroid scans obtained with Tc-99m and I-123 in five subjects. Four of them had palpable lymph nodes corresponding to the extrathyroidal uptake. All the palpable nodes that showed radionuclide uptake contained metastatic thyroid carcinoma, with predominantly well-differentiated follicular cells. Extrathyroidal areas of uptake on a routine thyroid scan with pertechnetate and/or radioiodine most probably indicate thyroid carcinoma with regional metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Characteristics of 108 thyroid cancers detected by screening in a population with a history of head and neck irradiation.

One hundred and eight cases of thyroid cancer have been discovered as a result of screening 1712 individuals from a well defined population known to be at high risk because of prior head or neck irradiation for benign conditions. Of these 198 cancers, 43 (39.8%) were palpable, 27 (25.0%) were detectable by means of thyroid scintigraphy alone, and 38 (35.2%), referred to as incidental carcinomas, were found when the patients were operated on for lesions which approved to be benign. The most striking feature of these cancers was the high frequency of multicentricity (55%) and bilaterality (36%). This high frequency was found in clinically apparent as well as incidental cancers, and could not be accounted for by the operative pathologic techniques of investigation. Of 42 subjects reevaluated at our institution after a mean time of 38 months, 2 had definite and 2 had probable recurrent or residual thyroid disease. The postoperative thyroglobulin levels in subjects with thyroid cancer were proportional to the amount of thyroid tissue remaining. Follow-up evaluation of the entire group did not disclose any differences in the behavior of these thyroid cancers compared to those not associated with radiation.

Chicago↗
PubMed1978

Extensive metastases in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

A 27-year-old woman with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome since age 11 years was hospitalized with a sudden onset of weakness of the right extremity, an expressive aphasia, and a three-month history of back pain. Liver and whole-body scintigrams demonstrated multiple metastatic disease; the brain scintigraphic study was compatible with infarction of the left hemisphere. Postmoretem examination two weeks after these studies showed extensive metastases in bone, liver, brain, lung, and left ovary. The source of the metastases was a malignant change from Peutz-Jeghers polyps.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Adrenal scanning and uptake with 131I-6beta-iodomethyl-nor-cholesterol.

Adrenal scans were obtained in 50 patients with suspected adrenal disease; 131I-19-iodocholesterol was used in 12 and 131I-6-beta-iodomethyl cholesterol (NP-59) in 38 cases (42 scans). The scan diagnosis was correct in 48 patients. Successful images were obtained with 0.5 mCi, or less, of NP-59 instead of the standard dose of 2 mCi, thus reducing radiation dose to the patient and cost of the agent. Satisfactory scans were obtained in 2--3 days in patients with hyperfunctioning adrenals, and in 3--7 days in other groups of patients, when NP-59 was used. With 131I-19-iodocholesterol, however, 5--10 days were required for optimal results in all patients including those with Cushing disease. Adrenal uptake studies were very useful in the evaluation of adrenal function, particularly in differentiating bilateral hyperplasia from normal adrenals.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Arteriovenous malformation simulating Meckel's diverticulum on 99mTc-pertechnetate abdominal scintigraphy.

99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy in a 67-year-old woman with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding showed an area of increased activity in the right lower quadrant which appeared at the same time the stomach was visualized. At first this was thought to be a Meckel's diverticulum; however, superior mesenteric angiography subsequently revealed a small arteriovenous malformation which proved to be the bleeding site on laparotomy. This false-positive finding emphasizes the importance of comparative evaluation of early and late images in scintigraphy for suspected Meckel's diverticulum.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Plasma thyroglobulin in detecting thyroid carcinoma after childhood head and neck irradiation.

The level of thyroglobulin in plasma was measured in 904 subjects with a history of head and neck irradiation during childhood to evaluate its potential value in screening for and differentiating thyroid neoplasms. Mean plasma thyroglobulin level was significantly elevated in subjects with nodular thyroid disease versus those without evidence of nodules (49.8 versus 27.0 ng/ml). However, the overlap with normal subjects does not allow thyroglobulin assays to serve as the only screening procedure. The mean levels in subjects with benign and malignant thyroid nodules were indistinguishable (48.8 versus 53.9 ng/ml). Thirteen percent of otherwise normal-appearing subjects had elevated values that may represent clinically inapparent thyroid disease. It is concluded that in screening large numbers of persons at risk for thyroid neoplasia, thyroglobulin assays are useful in combination with other modes of evaluation. The assay is without value in distinguishing benign from malignant disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Radionuclide venography: correlation with contrast venography.

Radionuclide venography and contrast venography were performed in 47 limbs of 35 patients, and the findings were compared with respect to their location and characteristics. Positive radionuclide venogram findings were area of decreased radioactivity flow corresponding to the region of thrombosis, abnormal collateral flows, and radioactivity stasis below the lesion. A delayed clearance of radioactivity alone in the calf did not indicate venous thrombosis. The overall concordance between radionuclide venography and contrast venography was 89%. The result indicates that radionuclide venography, while technically simple, is a reliable test for the detection of venous thrombosis in patients with signs and symptoms of deep-vein thrombosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Cromolyn therapy in patients with bronchial asthma. Effect on inhalation challenge with allergen, histamine, and methacholine.

The action mechanism of cromolyn sodium and its effect on bronchial sensitivity to allergen, methacholine chloride, and histamine inhalations were studied in 17 asthmatic subjects. Cromolyn capsules or placebo was administered by an inhaler (Spinhaler) randomly on alternate days 30 minutes before aerosol challenge. Cromolyn and placebo did not differ in their effect on bronchial response to histamine or methacholine. However, the degree of decrease in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second after allergen challenge was significantly reduced by cromolyn in 15 of 17 subjects. Immediate and delayed reactions of itching, tightness, or wheezing developed in 14 subjects after allergen challenges following placebo intake and were prevented or substantially inhibited by cromolyn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Thyroid cancer occurring as a late consequence of head-and-neck irradiation. Evaluation of 1056 patients.

From January 1 to September 30, 1974, we examined 1056 of 5266 subjects (20.1%) who had received therapeutic irradiation primarily for infections and inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract at our institution during the 1940's and 1950's. The tonsillar and nasopharyngeal region was the treatment site in 85% of those examined. Palpable nodular thyroid disease was found in 16.5%, and nonpalpable lesions were detected by 99m Tc pertechnetate thyroid imaging in an additional 10.7%, for a prevalence of nodular disease of 27.2%. Operation on 71% with nodular disease revealed thyroid cancer in 33% (60 of 182). Preliminary analysis for potential risk factors suggests a correlation between radiation exposure and the presence of thyroid nodules (P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that nodular thyroid disease, both benign and malignant, continues as a major health problem for at least 35 years in exposed subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Thyroid scintigram. Sensitivity with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and gamma camera with pinhole collimator.

To evaluate the reliability of thyroid scintigraphy in the diagnosis of nodular growth, scintigrams of patients who later underwent thyroidectomy were reviewed and correlated with pathologic findings. The scintigrams were all obtained with a 5-mm single-hole collimator-equipped gamma-scintillation camera after intravenous injection of 5 millicuries of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m. In the group of 92 patients, six of whom had two histologically different lesions, 149 nodules were identified pathologically. There were 26 nodules 2 to 5 mm in diameter, of which 22 were benign and four were malignant. None of the 22 benign nodules were delineated scintigraphically. Superior image quality and resolution, low radiation dose, technical simplicity, and speed make 99mTc pinhole-camera scintigraphy the best procedure available for routine thyroid imaging.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of respiratory and cardiovascular effects of isoproterenol, propranolol, and practolol in asthmatic and normal subjects.

Pulmonary functions, by means of FEV1, FVC, and airway resistance, and cardiovascular responses, i.e., ECG, blood pressure, and pulse contour, were measured in 10 control and 15 symptom-free asthmatic subjects during and after the infusions of isoproterenol, with or without previous administration of propranolol or practolol. Bronchial sensitivity to methacholine and response to isoproterenol after methacholine were also measured. Bronchial sensitivity to methacholine challenge was markedly enhanced by propranolol and the effect of isoproterenol infusion on the pulmonary function was also significantly diminished, whereas practolol did not reveal any effect on bronchial sensitivity to methacholine or isoproterenol. The above changes were much more profound in symptom-free asthmatic subjects than in control subjects. The results suggest that practolol does not significantly affect the beta-2 bronchial receptors, is safe to use in asthmatic subjects, and is consistent with an abnormality of these receptors in bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of labeling procedures and in vivo stability of 99mTc-red blood cells.

Stable labeling of red blood cells (RBCs) with 99mTc, in yields of about 66%, was achieved by using stannous chloride as a reducing agent. In a study of 12 patients, the stability of technetium-labeled RBCs in the circulation varied significantly among individuals, but the average biologic half-life of the labeled cells was 16.8 hr. Although the labeling yield was lower when the labeling was carried out without EDTA with the addition of stannous chloride after the pertechnetate, this sequence appears to be the best for labeling RBCs for use in obtaining images of the blood pool or the cardiovascular system because of the increased viability of the RBCs.

Erythrocytes↗