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Biomedical subjects

U Zillmann

Publications and source records attributed to U Zillmann.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Morphological identification of simulium sanctipauli and S. yahense in Liberia and comparison of results with those of enzyme electrophoresis.

Simulium sanctipauli and S. yahense have been incriminated as the main vectors of Onchocerca volvulus in the rain-forest zone of Liberia. An accurate identification of the females of the two species which breed in different types of water-courses but are morphologically similar is essential for a proper study of their epidemiological importance and the planning of control measures. Various external characters were examined for their diagnostic value by the comparison of identifications using these characters and those based on enzyme electrophoresis (phosphoglucomutase, trehalase). It was shown that the females of the two species can be separated reliably by the use of external morphological characters. The occasional finding in the same fly of phosphoglucomutase variants typical for each species indicated the possible occurrence of natural hybridization between S. sanctipauli and S. yahense.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Identity of Trypanozoon stocks isolated from man and a domestic dog in Liberia.

The isoenzyme patterns (electrophoresis on thin-layer starch gel) and the human serum resistance (blood incubation infectivity test) of a Trypanozoon stock from a dog and 14 stocks from man in Liberia were examined. The complete conformity of criteria for man-infectivity of the dog stock with 5 human stocks and the very close similarity to the 9 remaining stocks from the same epidemiological locality indicates the dog as a reservoir host of gambiense sleeping sickness.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1983

The characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks by starch-gel electrophoresis, comparison of results with those of isoelectric focusing.

The culture forms of 30 T. cruzi stocks originating from different parts of Brazil and Venezuela were screened by starch-gel electrophoresis for the isoenzyme patterns of 9 enzymes: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), "malic" enzyme (ME), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), peptidases (PEP 1, PEP 2) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). G6PD, PGM, GPI to some extent also ASAT, ME patterns divide 25 stocks into two distinct main groups A and B. The Brazilian stocks of group A originated from different wild animal species only, those of group B were with one exception isolated from human patients, or domestic hosts. In contrast all stocks from Venezuela regardless of their original host belonged to group A. The results of all enzymes showed group A (16 stocks and 7 profiles) to be more homogeneous than group B (9 stocks and 7 profiles). Comparison of these results with previous results of isoelectric focusing of the same stocks shows both methods to be complementary. The two methods gave identical classification of stocks with G6PD, PGM and GPI, both methods dividing most stocks into two main groups. The enzymes ALAT and ASAT confirmed this grouping to some extent in the starch-gel electrophoresis. For both starch-gel and isoelectric focusing ME was of only limited value because of variable enzyme activities in the trypanosome extracts. For the enzymes PEP 1, and PEP 2 and MDH neither method was useful in demonstrating intraspecific variation within the T. cruzi complex.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of Gambiense sleeping sickness. Part III. Characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum.

Polymorphism in 12 enzymes, as shown by electrophoresis on thin-layer starch-gel, was examined in 88 stocks of trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon isolated from man and animals in the Ivory Coast and Upper Volta. Three of the enzyme profiles seen in trypanosomes from man in the Ivory Coast were exactly the same as in trypanosomes from local domestic pigs and from various game animals and a bovine in the Upper volta, thus confirming previous evidence that human trypanosomiasis is a zoonosis in West Africa. Altogether 9 zymodemes were found in man; one was exactly the same as another from the Congo while a further one was identical to a Ugandan zymodeme. Thirty-one zymodemes were found only in animals, and 6 were exactly the same as others from elsewhere in Africa, including the eastern part. All zymodemes resembled each other by possessing common electrophoretic patterns in 5 enzymes. In most zymodemes, the variants of two other enzymes were characteristically West African, although an East African influence was apparent, together with further evidence of hybridization. Many zymodemes differed from others only to a minor extent in a few isoenzyme bands. A group of closely related minor zymodemes constituted another trypanosome population ineffective to man in West Africa which had a variable sensitivity to normal human serum; enzymatically it was clearly separated from the major zymodeme previously described in West Africa, which was consistently resistant to normal human serum and had been previously associated with chronic gambiense sleeping sickness.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of gambiense sleeping sickness. Part II. Parasitological and immunodiagnostic examination of the human population.

The prevalence of the disease was determined in the population (n = 3402) of a highly endemic sleeping sickness area in the Ivory Coast and an area of recent low endemicity in southwestern Upper Volta by using parasitological techniques supplemented by the determination of trypanosome specific antibodies and serum macroglobulins (IgM). 62 cases of trypanosomiasis were diagnosed parasitologically in the sleeping sickness focus in the Ivory Coast. 30 Trypanozoon stocks were established for their behavioural and biochemical characterization. The percentage of specific antibody carriers. 26% and 10% obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both areas, respectively, was compared to that obtained for raised IgM levels. False negative diagnosis resulted in 24% with the ELISA, 12% with the indirect immunofluorescent test (IFT) and 19% with the radial immunodiffusion (RID). Considering IFT and IgM levels together, the proportion of false negative results fell to 8%. Possible reasons for low sensitivities, especially of the ELISA are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

On the immobilization of hartebeest and kob in Upper Volta.

24 hartebeests (Alcelaphus buselaphus major), one waterbuck (Kobus defassa) and 16 kobs (Kobus kob) were immobilized during field work in Upper Volta. The use of the newly developed piperidine derivative R 33799 at weight treated dosage levels can be strongly recommended for the immobilisation of hartebeest. In this species the drug produces a sufficient deep analgesia within a reasonable short period for all handling purposes. It is safe, has a wide therapeutic index, can be used in syringes of not more than 1 ml capacity and is quickly reversed by the antidote (nalorphine hydrobromide). No fatalities occurred. The limited number of kobs immobilized did not allow final conclusions to be drawn on the compatibility of the drug for this game species unless the central nervous side effects as described can be explained better and overcome. Further investigation should be undertaken to study the reaction of kob to lower dosages of R 33799 and other combinations of this analgesic with other neuroleptics. Nalorphine hydrobromide proved to be a useful antidote in hartebeest, but less effective in kob.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Species characterization of the lung fluke Paragonimus ecuadoriensis by isoenzyme -electrophoresis (author's transl)].

Whole body lysates of 35 adult lung flukes (25 Paragonimus ecuadoriensis, 2 P. africanus, 8 P. uterobilateralis) were electrophorized on thin-layer starch gel. Specific staining was performed for the isoenzymes of the following three enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), peptidase 1 (PEP) and malate dehydrogenase (ME) (decarboxylating) (NADP). Two enzymes showed polymorphism and proved to be useful for intra- and interspecific comparison. The individuals of P. ecuadoriensis showed homogeneity and differed remarkably from two other Paragonimus species examined as controls.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1979

The natural occurrence of Trypanozoon in domestic chicken in the Ivory Coast.

From a natural infected chicken (Gallus gallus var. domesticus) in the Ivory Coast trypanosomes were isolated using Mastomys natalensis as recipient animal. Trypanosomes were diagnosed as belonging to the subgenus Trypanozoon from its morphology and its infectivity for rodents. The stabilated stock was able to infect a laboratory chicken. The stock proved to be human plasma subresistant and showed electrophoretic patterns of three enzymes (ALAT III, ME I, PEP III) so far only seen in pig and dog originated Trypanozoon stocks from the same region surveyed. The discovery for the first time of chicken harbouring Trypanozoon has to be considered in epizootiology and epidemiology of trypanosomiases.

Animals↗