Biomedical subjects

Ulf Rosenhall

Publications and source records attributed to Ulf Rosenhall.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Morphological characteristics of the human macula sacculi.

The surface morphology of 20 human maculae sacculi is presented. Individual data on the total area, shape and the relative area of the pars superior are given. The mean area of 14 adult maculae was (mean +/- SD) 2.35 +/- 0.31 mm2. The ratio between the length and width of the macula was 2.54 +/- 0.28. The pars superior was significantly larger than the pars inferior. The percentage of pars superior was 56.4 +/- 4.7. As regards the shape of the macula, there was a large interindividual variability. The findings are discussed, taking into consideration comparative anatomy as well as spatial orientation.

Acoustic Maculae↗

PubMed2005

Hearing among 75-year-old people in three Nordic localities: a comparative study.

The aim of this study was to compare auditory functions and to analyse the prevalence of hearing impairment and the relationship of self-reported hearing disability with audiometric test results among 75-year-old people in three Nordic localities. The representative samples came from Glostrup, Denmark (n = 571), Göteborg, Sweden (n =450), and Jyväskylä, Finland (n =388). The median pure-tone thresholds were rather similar in all three populations. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment varied between 26% and 34% in men, and between 17% and 23% in women. The corresponding figures in the prevalence of self-reported hearing difficulties were 41%-57%, and 28%-37%. The self-reported difficulties were broadly in accordance with the audiometric test results, but there also were individuals with conflicting results. It is concluded that the prevalence of hearing impairment in the three Nordic localities is fairly similar. To assess hearing disorders in elderly people, both audiometry and self-report data are needed.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Prevalence of dizziness and vertigo in an urban elderly population.

The prevalence of balance symptoms (vertigo, dizziness, and dysequilibrium) was investigated in an epidemiological study of elderly people, the longitudinal and cross-sectional gerontological and geriatric population study from Göteborg, Sweden (H70). Three different age cohorts were studied, one at age 70, one at age 75 and one at ages 79, 82, 85, 88 and 90 years. Altogether 2011 participants answered the questionnaire at 3197 occasions. The overall prevalence of balance problems at age 70 was 36% (women) and 29% (men). Balance symptoms were more common among women than men, and increased with increasing age. At ages 88-90 years the corresponding values were 51-45%. The most common symptom was poor balance/general unsteadiness (11-41%). Rotatory symptoms occurred in 2-17%. Other types of symptoms were less common. Precipitating factors were rising from supine to sitting position in 17-40%. Balance symptoms in a side position were uncommon, but occurred more often when tilting the head backwards (up to 14%). Signs that possibly could indicate neurological involvement were uncommon. Falls in conjuncture to dizziness, vertigo and similar symptoms occurred in 7-15%, in about equal proportions indoors as outdoors.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Autism and auditory brain stem responses.

OBJECTIVE: To study a controversy that has been discussed for more than two decades: whether or not children with autism have abnormalities affecting the cochlear nerve or the auditory pathway in the brain stem and, if so, to describe these abnormalities. DESIGN: A group of 153 children and adolescents with autistic disorder were included in an investigation of auditory brain stem responses (ABR). Two thirds of this group, 101 individuals (75 boys, 26 girls), had normal hearing and they were selected for an in-depth ABR study. The results from the study group were compared with those of an age-matched comparison group. RESULTS: The III-V interpeak latency (IPL) was significantly prolonged in both boys and girls with autism, compared with the controls. The latencies of ABR waves I and V were also significantly lengthened in the study groups. The individual test results showed that more than half of this normal-hearing autistic disorder group (58%) had abnormalities of one or more of eight ABR parameters studied. The most common abnormalities were prolongation of wave V (38%), and of I-V IPL (28%). A lengthening of the I-V IPL was also recorded in 27% of 49 children who were difficult to test or who had hearing loss. Abnormal left-right differences of ABR latencies were found in 18% of autism cases with normal hearing. CONCLUSIONS: Possible causes of the reported ABR abnormalities, observed here as well as in other studies, are discussed. Brain stem lesion, occult cochlear dysfunction, and involvement of the cochlear efferent system are probable factors that can explain the ABR findings

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Hearing aid rehabilitation: what do older people want, and what does the audiogram tell?

The demands/needs for audiological/otological services under optimal conditions were investigated within the framework of three epidemiological investigations. The study population consisted of 559 people, 318 women and 241 men, 70-91 years old. The participants were offered audiological and otological services, including hearing aid fitting. Fifteen per cent of the participants asked for audiological/otological services. Six per cent of the participants were equipped with hearing aids as a result of the study. Almost all of those with severe hearing loss either had been equipped with hearing aids prior to the study, or took advantage of the offer to get such devices. This figure represented about half of those with moderate hearing loss and about 20% of those with mild hearing loss. After the study, 19% were equipped with hearing aids, but in all 25% had hearing aids or had expressed a wish to get one. The percentages of elderly people with mild-to-moderate hearing loss, who contemplated purchasing an aid, but did not do so, were large, between 10%, and 22%. More than 11% consulted a doctor when the opportunity was offered to them. Most of them wanted the consultation because of progressive hearing loss. Middle ear disease was another important reason for a consultation.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2002

Protection and treatment of sensorineural hearing disorders caused by exogenous factors: experimental findings and potential clinical application.

During the last decade, there have been numerous interesting findings regarding the roles of neurotrophins, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutamate receptors, and shock protein in the auditory system. These findings have provided a scientific basis for the development of techniques to protect the auditory system against trauma as well as for the treatment of peripheral hearing disorders. This review focuses on recent advances in experimental prevention and treatment of hearing impairment which are expected to be of clinical value in the near future. Viral vector and non-viral vector gene therapy and transplantation of stem cells are discussed as potential treatments of irreversible sensorineural inner ear damage.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The two faces of presbyacusis: hearing impairment and psychosocial consequences.

A study of hearing disability and handicap was performed in a sample of elderly persons living in an urban area of Göteborg, Sweden. The aim was to describe the psychosocial consequences of presbyacusis. For this purpose, elderly persons with fairly uncontaminated presbyacusis were chosen. The study group consisted of 154 persons (59 men and 95 women) between the ages of 70 and 91 with a median age of 78 years. The methods used included a self-assessed hearing instrument, pure-tone audiometry, and registration of desired services regarding rehabilitative audiology. The questionnaire included 26 items, 20 of them within four areas: assessment of normality, communication, quality of life and environment/orientation. The results showed that the assessment, whether the hearing was normal or not, was correlated with audiometrically measured hearing. Many of the participants expressed concern that their hearing had deteriorated. Communication situations with background noise were troublesome for many of the participants, but they had only minor problems when performing daily activities like shopping. The quality of life in general was only mildly affected by hearing loss. Items regarding environment and orientation showed varying results. Some everyday aspects of listening were related to hearing ability, but directional hearing was not correlated with measured hearing. In spite of the participants' worry about hearing deterioration, only 8% requested hearing aids as a result of the examination.

Aged↗