Reconstruction of large phylogenetic trees: a parallel approach.
Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees for very large datasets is a known example of a computationally hard problem. In this paper, we present a parallel computing model for the widely used Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) architecture. Following the idea of divide-and-conquer, our model adapts the recursive-DCM3 decomposition method [Roshan, U., Moret, B.M.E., Williams, T.L., Warnow, T, 2004a. Performance of suptertree methods on various dataset decompositions. In: Binida-Emonds, O.R.P. (Eds.), Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life, vol. 3 of Computational Biology, Kluwer Academics, pp. 301-328; Roshan, U., Moret, B.M.E., Williams, T.L., Warnow, T., 2004b. Rec-I-DCM3: A Fast Algorithmic Technique for reconstructing large phylogenetic trees, Proceedings of the IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (ICSB)] to divide datasets into smaller subproblems. It distributes computation load over multiple processors so that each processor constructs subtrees on each subproblem within a batch in parallel. It finally collects the resulting trees and merges them into a supertree. The proposed model is flexible as far as methods for dividing and merging datasets are concerned. We show that our method greatly reduces the computational time of the sequential version of the program. As a case study, our parallel approach only takes 22.1h on four processors to outperform the best score to date (Found at 123.7h by the Rec-I-DCM3 program [Roshan, U., Moret, B.M.E., Williams, T.L., Warnow, T, 2004a. Performance of suptertree methods on various dataset decompositions. In: Binida-Emonds, O.R.P. (Eds.), Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life, vol. 3 of Computational Biology, Kluwer Academics, pp. 301-328; Roshan, U., Moret, B.M.E., Williams, T.L., Warnow, T., 2004b. Rec-I-DCM3: A Fast Algorithmic Technique for reconstructing large phylogenetic trees, Proceedings of the IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (ICSB)] on one dataset. Developed with the standard message-passing library, MPI, the program can be recompiled and run on any MIMD systems.