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Biomedical subjects

V A Gusel'

Publications and source records attributed to V A Gusel'.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Clinical efficacy of cefixime (results of multicenter trials)].

Multicentre trials of cefixime (Cefspan, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) were performed in 1992. The trials involved 137 children and 269 adult patients with inflammatory infections of the respiratory organs and urinary tracts and otorhinolaryngologic affections. Positive clinical and bacteriological results of the trials were stated in 76-90 per cent of the cases. The adverse reactions such as skin eruption and dyspepsia were rare and did not require the specific treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Study of circadian rhythm of bronchial patency for timely correction and evaluation of the effectiveness of inhalation powder forms of salbutamol in children with bronchial asthma].

A study was made of the circadian rhythms of bronchial patency for ++timely correction and dynamic estimation of the efficacy of powdered inhalation salbutamol (ventodisc) in 30 children aged 7-15 years suffering from persistent recurrent bronchial asthma. The treatment with ventodisc was carried out after basic therapy (euphylline or theopec and/or becotid). During 1 week the children inhaled the drug only at the moments of attacks of obstructed respiration. Starting from the 2nd week of the study ventodisc was applied prophylactically bearing in mind the rhythm of the bronchial tone in hours of minimal values of the maximal volumetric rate of expiration (MVRexp). It has been revealed that an optimal approach to ventodisc administration consists in a preventive drug intake arresting asphyxia attacks, inasmuch children with low values of external respiratory function (particularly in cases where MVRexp is less than 50% of normal) during bronchial asthma attacks are not capable of activating the spraying device and taking the whole drug dose. The use of ventodisc in the chronocorrection mode ameliorated the circadian rhythm of the bronchial tone and minimized the drug requirement 2.3-fold.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic and pharmacological monitoring of individual monotherapy of epilepsy with hexamidine].

The treatment with primidone alone of 53 epileptic patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial attacks with elementary symptomatology, and partial fits with complex symptomatology removed them completely in 75, 64.2, and 36.9% of the patients, respectively. The number of attacks was decreased as a result by 50% and over in 90, 78.6, and 73.7% of the patients, respectively. The attainment of such high efficacy of the monotherapy (called by the author intensive in contrast to routine or inadequate therapy carried out, as a rule, in standard doses) appeared possible only under the conditions of individualization of the drug doses which ranged within 250-2500 mg/day. The concentration of phenobarbital, the main end metabolite of primidone, in the blood serum of patients, in whom the attacks were completely arrested and who developed no clinical side effects with no toxic action on the internal organs, ranged from 14 to 59.1 mg/l. In partial fits with complex symptomatology, primidone appeared least effective for those types of fits in the treatment of which it was viewed as most adequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The use of phenobarbital and carbamazepine (finlepsin) in children with epilepsy and cerebral spastic palsy with epileptic syndrome].

Based on examining 20 patients with infantile cerebral paralyses (ICP) and 18 epileptic patients aged 6 to 14 years it has been demonstrated that the effective doses of carbamazepine do not differ (14-27 mg/kg/day) in both the groups, whereas the effective doses of phenobarbital are higher (5.3 mg/kg/day) in ICP patients than in those suffering from epilepsy (3.65 mg/kg/day; P less than 0.05). In this case the blood concentration of both carbamazepine and phenobarbital was lower in ICP patients (5.1 and 23.1 mg/l, respectively, than in epileptic patients (8.2 and 28.8 mg/l). The drug levels in the blood serum were measured by high-effective liquid chromatography. It was assumed that the efficacy of the lower drug concentrations in ICP patients was related to greater permeability of the blood-brain barrier or with higher sensitivity of "epileptized" neurons in them as compared to epileptic patients. The comparison of the doses and blood concentrations may point to more intense biotransformation of the antiepileptic agents in the body of ICP patients than in patients suffering from epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Allopurinol in the combined therapy of severe forms of epilepsy in children].

Allopurinol was tested as an antiepileptic drug (AED) in children with progressive history of the disease, frequent severe seizures and ineffective conventional AED treatment. A total of 38 children aged 4 months to 10 years were given allopurinol at daily doses of 4 to 5 mg/kg body weight. The drug had positive effects in 10 out of 28 patients having frequent seizures. Complications were not observed. Allopurinol increased serotonin content in platelets. Biochemical investigations proved the therapy with allopurinol alone or combined with other AEDs to be effective.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1986

[Synthesis and analysis of des-Met5-[D-Ala2]enkephalinamide analogs].

The effects of N- and C-terminal oligoalanine insertions into des-Met5-[D-Ala2]enkephalin amide (I) on the biological activity and spatial structure were examined. The corresponding analogues were obtained by solid-phase synthesis using Sephadex LH-20 ac a polymeric support. Biological activity was assayed via changes in the pain threshold in the rat, body temperature, and also as affinity for opiate receptors. Active analogues were obtained upon modifying the carboxylic group in the tetrapeptide I with di- and tri-D-alanyls. The CD spectra of the C-derivatized analogyes were similar to those of the starting tetrapeptide I and [Met5]enkephalin, whereas the N-derivatized analogues showed essentially different CD spectra.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of acupuncture on the activity of experimental epileptogenic foci in the hippocampus of rabbits].

Experiments were performed on rabbits with electrochemotrodes implanted into the left and right dorsal hippocamp. The evidence was obtained for the first time as to the marked inhibitory effect of acupuncture on epileptogenic foci created by penicillin microinjections into the hippocamp. The most effective was stimulation of the Min-Men point. The antiepileptic effect was potentiated on combined stimulation of the Min-Men and Yao-Yan-Guan points. The efficacy of the procedure was significantly decreased on stimulation of the points of another acupunctural canal. The epileptiform activity was potentiated by affecting the knowingly inactive points. The antiepileptic effect of acupuncture was significantly reduced with an increase in the number of acupunctures. This might be connected with the development of tolerance to enkephalins by which the effect of acupuncture is most likely mediated.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmaco-dynamic mechanisms for reducing the activity of an epileptogenic focus with allopurinol].

Experiments on 73 rats with electrochemotrodes implanted into the dorsal portion of the left hippocamp showed that allopurinol (A) injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg decreased the activity of the penicillin-induced epileptogenic foci in the hippocamp and significantly increased the content of serotonin (S) in their area at the 40th minute of the epileptogenesis. Thus, all this provided evidence in favour of a shift in tryptophan metabolism toward an elevated S production that inhibited the development of the epileptic process. A is suggested for clinical use in treating patients with epilepsy, especially in those cases that are resistant to common therapy.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1983

[Decreased acetylcholinesterase activity in the area of epileptogenic foci created by met-enkephalin in the hippocampus of rats].

Experiments on rats with electrochemotrodes implanted in the left and right hippocamp have shown that in epileptogenic foci created by microinjections of met-enkephalin or D-ala-2-met-enkephalin into the hippocamp, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was diminished. It is assumed that reduction in AChE activity is an adaptive mechanism by which the excitability of hippocampal inhibitory basket cells, which are sensitive to acetylcholine, is increased.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1983

[Combined effect of a magnetic field and anti-hypoxic agents on epileptogenic foci in the rabbit hippocampus].

Magnetic field (MF) intensifies the activity of penicillin-induced epileptogenic foci (EF) in the rabbit hippocamp. The same effect was obtained with gutimin. Injections of sodium hydroxybutyrate produced but little changes in hypersynchronous activity as compared to the data of control experiments. Combined influence of MF and gutimin on the rabbits somewhat reduced the quantity of the electrographic correlates of the seizures as compared with the results obtained with MF or gutimin alone. Meanwhile the use of MF coupled with sodium hydroxybutyrate reduced the number of the correlates and the amount of interictal epileptiform discharges as compared with these parameters in experiments where MF alone was applied or in control. It is assumed that MF induces slight hypoxia in the tissues thereby provoking an increase in the epileptogenic foci, whereas sodium hydroxybutyrate but not gutimin compensates for pathological action of MF.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Increase in the activity of an epileptogenic focus in frog hippocampus as a result of kynurenines and its reduction by serotonin].

In frogs with epileptogenic focus induced by injection of penicillin (1000 U in 0.4 microliter) into the primordial hippocampus it was shown that pretreatment with two kynurenines (quinolinic acid -- 0.1 microgram, and d,l-kynurenine -- 1 microgram) into the focus region and their injection into the functioning epileptogenic focus led to a sharp increase of the interparoxysmal epileptiform discharges and electrographic correlates of the fit on the EEG. Anthranilic acid (5 microgram) did not influence the activity of epileptogenic foci, and serotonin (1 microgram) and 5-methoxytryptamine (1 microgram) decreased it significantly. It is suggested that the effect of kynurenines on neurones in the epileptogenic foci may play a certain role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMed1975

[The pathogenesis of psychomotor epilepsy (a histochemical study of a penicillin epileptic focus in the rat hippocampus)].

By the aid of histochemical methods the authors sutdied the activity and distribution of acetylcholinesterase, monoamineoxidase, glutamatedehydrogynase and gammaaminobutyric acid -- transferase in the dorsal hypocampus of rats. It was shown that the activity of all the studied enzymes are significantly changed following 0.5 and 1.5 hours and are restituted following 48 hours after the formation of a pathological focus. It is concluded that a drop in the activity of glutamatedehydrogenase and gammaaminobutyric acid may be directed toward an accumulation of gammaaminobutyric acid in the epileptogenic focus and an inhibition of its activity. A drop in the histochemical reaction to acetylcholinesterase may indicate a decrease in the functions of the cholinergic systems with an active epileptogenic focus in the hypocampus.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗