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Biomedical subjects

V A Gusel'

Publications and source records attributed to V A Gusel'.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age peculiarities of trace discharges of after-effect and of the activity of epileptogenic zone in the hippocamp of rabbits].

Seizure activity in the hippocamp has been studied on 6-10-, 16-20-day and adult rabbits. The pattern and thresholds of trace discharges of after-effect evoked by the electrical stimulation of the hippocamp were found to be similar in animals of all age groups. However, the amplitude of after-discharges significantly increased during the development of the brain. After the formation of penicillin epileptogenic zone in the hippocamp, EEG of all animals exhibited the identical types of focal interseizure discharges and electrographic correlates of seizures, yet the amplitude of epileptifiorm discharges on the EEG increased with age. Contralateral hippocamp was involved into the pathological process more easily in young rabbits than in adult ones.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age peculiarities in the effect of M- and N-cholinolytics on the activity of the epileptogenic zone in the rabbit hippocampus].

In experiments on 6-10, 16-20-day and adult rabbits, electrochimiotrodes were chronically implanted into the dorsal hippocamp. Direct application of a M-cholinolytic, metamizyl, or N-cholinolytic, gangleron, to penicillin-induced epileptogenic zone in the hippocamp inhibited seizures in rabbits of all age groups. The intensity of interseizure epileptiform discharges in the EEG did not change under the action of cholinolytics in adult and 6-10-day rabbits, and decreased in 16-20-day ones. Parenteral administration of gangleron caused the same effect on the activity of epileptogenic zone, as its direct application to the hippocamp. Parenteral administration of metamizyl inhibited seizures in young animals (similarly to its direct application to the hippocamp), but increased the seizures and interseizure discharges in adult rabbits. Therefore, already to the 6th day of postnatal life of rabbits, blocking of the cholinoreactive system of the hippocamp may inhibit circulation of seizural discharges along closed neuronal circuits, which is necessary for the formation of the seizure.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The results of the therapeutic monitoring of piracetam in parturients and newborn infants].

Overall 30 women in childbirth with preeclampsia and fetoplacental dysfunction received piracetam solution which was given initially in a dose of 5 g by intravenous drip, rapidly since the onset of labour and then every 2 hours till the end of labour in a dose of 2 g by jet injection. This made it possible to increase fetus resistance to hypoxic conditions. The concentrations of piracetam within the range of 60-80 g/l in the blood of women in childbirth should be viewed as minimum therapeutic. A single daily intramuscular injection of piracetam (50 mg/kg) into neonates with encephalopathies may build up blood concentrations equal to 25-60 mg/l after 2 hours. The drug is not detectable in the blood by the moment the next injection is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical pharmacology of antiepileptic agents].

The correct choice of an antiepileptic drug, its individual dosage and schedule of administration at the beginning of treatment and then during the maintenance therapy promotes a complete control of seizures using one anticonvulsant in 60-90% of patients. The treatment should be initiated with administration of one drug which is adequate for the given type of seizures taking into consideration that different drugs can appear effective in different patients with the same form of epilepsy. One has to choose drugs by consecutively gradually changing them. The optimization of epilepsy treatment should be performed on the basis of the knowledge of the clinicopharmacological characteristic of the main antiepileptic drugs described in the lecture.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of GABA-positive substances on the primary and mirror epileptogenic foci in the hippocampus of rats].

The effects of beta-alanine, phenibut and muscimol on the activity of the "mirror" (MEF) and primary (PEF) epileptogenic foci were studied in rats on the model of penicillin-induced epilepsy using the direct administration of the drugs into the foci (muscimol only into MEF). All the drugs suppressed the development of electrographic correlates of seizures both in PEF and MEF. The varied characters of the drugs' effects on interseizure epileptiform bursts depending on administration into PEF (provocation) or MEF (no effect) were revealed. Possible dose-dependent mechanisms of the drugs' actions on GABA-A and GABA-B receptors involved in inhibitory control of the activity of epileptogenic foci in the rat hippocamp are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Theophylline concentration in the blood of children with persistently recurring bronchial asthma].

An antirecurrence effect of theophylline was studied in 32 children aged 3 to 12 years suffering from severe bronchial asthma. The drug dosage was determined by means of a stepwise increase of a daily dose in the range of 10-30 mg/kg/day under control of the patient's general condition and parameters of external respiratory function. Blood theophylline concentration was measured by an immunofluorescent method. The drug individual biotransformation was revealed. Euphylline proved to be a highly effective and safe antirecurrence agent in an individual selection of doses and administration regimens. Combination of theophylline with inhalation beta-adrenomimetics and corticosteroids potentiates its clinical effect without influencing biotransformation.

Aminophylline↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antiepileptic action of met-enkephalin and the rapid development of tolerance to its epileptogenic action].

It has been shown in chronic experiments on rabbits with electrochemoelectrodes implanted into the dorsal hippocamp that the first administration of met-enkephalin in a dose of 60 to the hippocamp induced the development of an epileptogenic focus (EF) or potentiated the action of the penicillin-induced EF. The second administration of met-enkephalin in the same dose to the hippocamp (interval in a standard scheme of experiments 5 days) did not lead to the production of the EF, which attests to rapid development of tolerance to the epileptizing action of the peptide, with this tolerance being preserved for 20 subsequent days of observation over the animals. After tolerance developed, administration of 60 micrograms met-enkephalin 5 to 10 min before penicillin produced an antiepileptic action, thereby preventing the development of the EF. Met-enkephalin (0.1 and 1 microgram) did not epileptize hippocampal neurons but lowered the action of the penicillin-induced EF after the development of tolerance to the epileptizing action of a large dose of the peptide. The animals did not develop tolerance to the antiepileptic effect of met-enkephalin. The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that different opiate receptors are responsible for the epileptizing (delta-receptors) and antiepileptic (mu-receptors) action of the enkephalin. The effect of small doses of met-enkephalin appears to mirror to a greater degree the involvement of endogenous enkephalins in the epileptogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Peripheral mechanism of the phenomenon of fenibut habituation].

In spite of the appearance of the tolerance to phenibut in white rats at days 11-12 of its intraperitoneal administration (250 mg/kg), the drug injections (25 micrograms) into the lateral ventricles of the brain via permanent cannulas evoked, as before, a fall in the body temperature and synchronization of the electrocorticogram in rats. The tolerance to phenibut did not occur when the drug was injected daily (12 days) into the brain ventricles. A conclusion is made that the tolerance to phenibut has a peripheral character.

Aminobutyrates↗