Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V A Kaptsov.
Using electric puncture software complex "ROFES", the authors studied functional state of pilots having protective device "VITA" and assessed before and after the flights. The data obtained proved efficiency and safety of the device that improved the pilots' functional state, increased fatigue threshold, caused higher number of the flights.
Asbestos dust associated with other factors induces more hazardous effects, than if acting solely. That is seen especially in women whose morbidity grows 1.5-2.0 times higher than in men of the same occupations. Further studies are recommended for better knowledge asbestos dust influence under provocative action of other hazards.
Current planning in railway hygiene is conducted according to the special requirements of railway industry. Specific medical and prophylactic programs specified are on safety arrangements of railway workers, environmental protection in connection with intensive functioning of railways. The authors represent major prospective trends of research in occupational medicine and industrial ecology for railway transport.
Diagnosis, registration and prophylaxis of occupational diseases among railway workers remain unsatisfactory so far. Thus, creation of the Railway Register of Occupational Diseases is essential. The Register includes several blocks related to each other and covering enterprises, medical and social institutions. Given relatively low primary occupational morbidity in railway transport, the Register's software considers incidence of occupational diseases in Russian Federation among analogous occupations, matched in working environment classes, length of service and occupational hazard. The authors obtained the matched incidences of occupational diseases, and can extrapolate the relationships revealed to railway workers, forecast high risk of occupational diseases among these workers.
A unique Institute of Railway Hygiene was created 70 years ago in Russia, one of the major railway countries in the world. Since then the Institute's staffers have carried out huge work on improvement of railway workers' health, prevention of their exposure to noise, unfavorable microclimate, vibration and other occupational hazards. Significant contribution into the world occupational hygiene was made by such Institute's professionals as S.F. Kazansky, P.I. Nikitin, A.M. Volkov and others.
The article stresses that railway hygiene has accumulated vast experience in evaluation of working environment of railway construction workers in severe climate conditions, thorough hygienic characteristics cover the main construction occupations and the exploitation staffers. The research helped to elaborate variety of hygienic regulations on occupational hygiene and work schedules for railway construction workers, on hygienic basis of the workers' everyday life in severe climate conditions.
The article presents an original approach to evaluation of climate and weather according to their influence of human heat state. Use of the approach is accompanied by climate characteristics of some Transpolar cities, the authors discuss application of those characteristics to solution of hygienic problems.
The authors analyze materials about hygienic and ecologic situation in the country, features characteristic for such important economic branch as railway transport. The analysis serves as a base for new program of railway transport development. The article raises problems connected with industrial medicine for further scientific research and practical accomplishment in railway transport.
The authors report their experience on improvement of Rules for Transportation of Dangerous Load and related legal documents and recommendations. The materials necessitate systematic research in urgent medical care, transport hygiene, ecology and all fields forming basic science for improvement of Rules for Transportation of Dangerous Load. The article considers scientific and informational value of emergency cards escorting dangerous load (exemplified by high concentrations of hexamethylene diamine).
Major goal of occupational medicine--better health of employees--could be reached through integrated theoretical and practical approaches to the issues assigned to different scientific spheres. The article suggests some principles of new direction in prophylactic medicine. Those principles form a theoretical basis for occupational medicine and industrial ecology: being also a powerful instrument for evaluation and management of occupational and ecologic risk. The authors define group and individual risk, base a concept of residual risk and necessitate further improvement of protecting measures to restrict individual risk for every employee.
The article suggests the parameters and criteria to evaluate the grade of occupational risk for health in hazardous work conditions. The parameters include prior hygienic ones, posterior medical and biologic ones. The principles of optimal protection by the time are based on the dose approach taking into account the occupational disease development. The authors describe the method evaluating efficiency of protection by the time with a consideration of the dose range of acting factor. Large protective resources of time are shown and recommendations are given for adequate use of the various forms of protection by time taking into account the workers' age and length of service as well as the work organization.
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Article covers methodic approaches to evaluation of occupational risk for workers exposed to occupational hazards, suggests a concept concerning formation and evaluation of occupational risk, defines risk zones according to the length of exposure. All results can serve as a base for application of information technology to industrial medicine and determine tactics of hygienic and clinical monitoring. Occupational risk was suggested to be evaluated approximately and rapidly by means of length of exposure as an integral parameter. Topical problems were defined within the whole concept.
Article covers approaches to evaluation and forecasting of occupational risk for workers exposed to occupational hazards, formulates a concept to evaluate occupational disease according to risk and severity categories, gives an integral parameter for qualitative and quantitative analysis of group risk for one occupational disease or their combination. Trials proved acceptability of the method for group risk evaluation according to WHO concept concerning occupational diseases.
Mechanization of underground works in mines has induced increased air content of dust and gas, a rise in noise and vibration, microclimate deterioration. The prevalence of occupational pulmonary diseases in mines has increased. Further efforts to improved the situation should be aimed at improvement of requirements to hygienic characteristics of the equipment, setting up of adequate conditioning and health protection measures.
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From the point of view of occupational medicine the Army, Air Forces and Navy may be considered as a specific large-scale industrial branches which has some features in common with civilian branches. The authors propose to join the efforts of military and civilian hygienic science to solve the problems of ecology, sanitary standardization, adaptation and acclimatization in order to estimate and control the risk of professional pathology. The article shows basic trends of fundamental researches and scientific outlines for nearest and long-term period.