Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V A Kats.
102 myogenous tumours and 12 unchanged areas of the uterine wall were studied histologically, morphometrically, stereometrically, microspectrophotometrically and electron microscopically. The differential-diagnostic importance of the mitotic activity, nuclear DNA content, volume proportion of the myofibrillar material in comparison with the cell density and volume proportion of nuclei is shown.
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Electron microscopical analysis of 113 cases of neurogenic tumours of the human soft tissues is presented. Ultrastructural signs of neurogenic differentiation are distinguished; neuronal and those of nerve sheaths. The comparison of the ultramorphology of neurosarcomas with that of carcinoids and granular cell tumours is performed. A considerable increase of the proportion of neurogenic tumours among soft tissue neoplasms is noted after the ultrastructural investigation. Differential diagnosis of neurosarcomas and malignant histiocytomas and other tumours at the electron microscopic level is discussed.
A scheme is proposed to make a morphological assessment of the tumor malignancy by separately analyzing the degree of their differentiation (as defined by tissue- or organ-specific type formation and structural manifestations of cellular specific functional activity) and that of cataplasia (as evidenced by a set of non specific signs that are largely relative to the proliferative activity of cells). The sense of the terms that denote morphological criteria for the degree of malignancy is discussed. Also, the examples that the degree of differentiation and cataplasia developed at the ultrastructural level is at variance are presented as an explanation for the fact that the clinical course and morphological signs of a tumor cannot coincide.
An electron-microscopic study was made of carcinoids, malignant carcinoids and small-cell lung cancer. These neoplasms are shown to represent one histogenetic group--neuroendocrine tumours (apudomas) of the lung. One can distinguish 3 main structural forms among them, i.e. epithelioid, sarcoma-like and symplastic. According to the ultrastructural criteria the neoplasms mentioned can be classified by their differentiation degree, as well, intermediately and poorly differentiated variants. This classification correlates well enough with the catamnesis of patients and may serve for prognosis of the disease.
Histology and ultrastructure of human granular cell tumors (GCT) are studied. Apart from "granular" cells which are the main component of the tumor, GCT contain the cells of ordinary structure with signs of neurogenic differentiation, cell processus typical for the nervous tissue and peripheral nervous tissue tumors (these processus are in a close space connection with "granular" cells) as well as structurally transitional cells. This implies that "granular" cells are likely to originate from the ordinary lemmocytes as a result of disturbance and hypertrophy of intracellular processus. Preoperative diagnosis of this rare peculiar neurogenic tumor is difficult and the diagnosis is possible only after the operative material examination. If other signs of malignancy are lacking, infiltrative growth typical for these tumors allows one to consider them locally-destructive neoplasms.
The paper deals with the electron microscopic analysis of samples of 40 lung tumors histologically diagnosed as carcinoid or malignant carcinoid. The study group was shown to include tumors differing in cell ultrastructure and histological patterns. Three basic tissue patterns formed by 3 specific cellular types were identified: epithelioid, sarcomatoid and symplastic one. Tumors usually showed a combination of the said types with the predominance of one of them. Tumors exhibiting only one morphologic pattern of neurosecretory granules were much more rare. All the neoplasms studied were of neuroendocrine nature.
The research was concerned with electron microscopic analysis of 34 lung tumors histologically identified as small cell lung cancer. It was shown that ultrastructural studies can reliably identify histologic pattern of small cell lung cancer. In most cases, this type of cancer was represented by one of the following histologic patterns: epidermoid, glandular or neuroendocrine, the latter being predominant. An ultrastructural classification of small cell lung cancer is not advisable until a clinico-morphological analysis has been carried out.
Ultrastructure of both liposarcomas of different histological types and those with non-verified diagnosis are studied. Liposarcomas are shown to contain a basic complex of ultrastructural features of lipid differentiation and different histological types of these tumours have, in principle, identical features varying in the degree of their expression. The questions of a differential diagnosis of liposarcomas and other tumours can be successfully solved on the basis of the above findings, and even more, a group of liposarcomas with a severe cataplasia that does not have histological analogues may be distinguished. The results allowed to work out an ultrastructural classification of liposarcomas in which the degree of cataplasia is directly taken into account.
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Histologic and ultrastructural study of basal cell epithelioma was made. It has confirmed the correctness of WHO classification according to which the mentioned neoplasms are not subdivided into different histologic forms. Comparison of basal cell epithelioma with squamous cell carcinoma and skin epidermis has shown that morphologic differentiation in this case does not correlate with clinical stage of tumour malignancy.
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Human embryonal liposarcoma and embryonal fat have been studied histologically, in semithin sections, and electronmicroscopically. Specific ultrastructural features of embryonal liposarcomas allowing them to distinguish from other tumours are as follows: the presence of lipid vacuoles varying in size, number and structure, small mitochondria with dense matrix, specific filamentous apparatus, basal-like material in plasma cell membrane and in the intercellular space cytoplasmic sprouts forming peculiar "pockets" and general cell architectonics. Similarities and differences in the ultrastructure of embryonal liposarcomas and embryonal fat are found.
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The ultrastructure of cytoplasmic filamentous material in cells of different human sarcomas was studied and several types of it are distinguished. The first type is specific and can be used as a differential diagnostic marker of tissue appurtenance of neoplasias: in fibroasarcoma cells--a uniform layer of thin filaments located near the plasmic membrane; in rhabdomyosarcomas--thick sheets of long filaments; in leiomyosarcomas--bundles of filaments with focal consolidation; in liposarcomas--loosely packed scarce layers of thin filaments of cylindrical shape; in malignant synoviomas--rod-shaped bundles of thin filaments, endotheliomas--thick single bundles of predominantly perinuclear location. Two types of nonspecific filamentous apparatus in cells of these neoplasias were distinguished: widelooped loose filamentous network and thick circular sheets. The problems of genesis and formation of filamentous apparatus of different types in tumor cells are discussed.
The present study was aimed at the analysis of the ultrastructure of synovial tissue tumors and the determination of a set of signs of synovial differentiation for electron microscopic diagnosis of these neoplasias. Three benign giant cell synoviomas and 10 synovial sarcomas of different structures were studied. The results showed both benign and malignant synoviomas to have similar signs of synovial differentiation: cellular (signs of A- and B-cells of normal synovial membrane) and tissue signs (specific intercellular cavities). In benign synoviomas cellular signs are more marked, in malignant tumors tissue signs are more manifest but the detection of histioid and epithelioid components in the latter at the electron microscopic level has no principal significance. A hypothesis that A- and B-cells in synovial tumors and normal synovial membrane represent the same cellular form (synoviocyte) in different functional stages is discussed.
The ultrastructure of 17 fibroblastic tumors in man has been studied. As a result, there was revealed a complex of features which might aid the electron-microscopic differential diagnosis of the neoplasms concerned: large cells with heavy cytoplasmatic processes; wide intercellular spaces which contain a specific fibrillar and granular fibrillar material; cellular nuclei sections show a typical irregular pattern represented in two variants. The intercellular fibrillar apparatus is specific enough with respect to the filaments structure, their aggregation and localization; also typical is the presence of an extensive system of granular endoplasmatic reticulum in cytoplasm. It is emphasized that the absence of some structures characteristic of other neoplasms: basal membrane, desmosomes, specific secretory granules etc. is of great importance for diagnosing such kind of tumors.