Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V A Khoroshaev.
Based on the morphologic and morphometric findings, the authors recommend the use of the IXth rib with vascular pedicle on microvascular anastomoses in reconstructive operations on the facial skeleton taking into account the age of patients and anatomy of the vessels.
Lymphotropic therapy (LT) was given to rabbits with experimental acute otitis media. The response was good. Reduced vascular blood filling, edema tissue detritus, fibrin, more compact location of lymphocytes in the lymph node cortex reflected normalization of the lymph node structure and improvement of the drainage function.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
An advantage of the laser scalpel over the plasma scalpel was shown in experiments in animals (60 observation). On the 3rd-5th days after cutting with a laser the inflammation symptoms subside and on the 7th day there appear fine fibrous connective tissue since the operation with the plasma scalpel is followed by the formation of the fine fibrous connective tissue as late as on the 10th-14th days, the inflammatory reaction being observed up to the 30th day.
Peritonitis is still an urgent problem and its solution is determined to a great measure by purposeful studies in the field of pathogenesis and treatment. The creation of adequate models of peritonitis acquires particular significance. Eighty-four animals (dogs) were used to create the model. It is shown in the work that a standard model of generalized peritonitis can be produced by two injections of a polymicrobial suspension consisting of the most commonly encountered peritoneal microbes E. coli and B. fragilis. The suspension is injected into different levels of the abdominal cavity. With this method of administration of the polymicrobial suspension the model was reproduced in 90% of cases. Thus, the developed model resembles human peritonitis in the clinical picture and the laboratory and morphological values.
The gastrointestinal tract acts as a barrier-protective tool in addition to its digestive and transport functions. The structural bases of the barrier protective function of the stomach and small intestine were shown in health, duodenal ulcer (DU), experimental gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU), vagotomy, and peritonitis in case of the interaction of these structures with parietal microflora (PM) which may be a valid criteria for assessing the barrier-protective function. PM increases in number in DU, GDU, vagotomy, and peritonitis. Various modifying interventions can normalize this parameter. Identifying the components of protective levels makes it possible to differentiate the affect of protective levels and makes it possible to differentiate affect some links of the barrier-protective function in order to restore it or prevent its disturbance.
Using histoenzymatic assay for ATPase activity and electron microscopy, Langerhans' cells (LC) in biopsy specimens taken from skin lesions of 20 patients with chronic benign dermatoses (CBD) and of 28 patients suffering from mycosis fungoides (MF) were identified. In the early lesions of MF the reduction of the number of cell dendrites, disappearance of normal arrangement and the reduced absolute quantity of LC were observed on comparison with patients with CBD. Ultrastructurally, the destroyed forms of LC were predominantly observed in MF lesions, while in cases of CBD most of the LC were functionally active. The authors suggest that the examination of functional activity, quantitative distribution and ultrastructural features of LC should be used as an early morphologic test for differential diagnosis of early signs of MF and CBD this being of vital importance for an adequate and due treatment.
The diaphragm peritoneum from 12 operated patients and 34 patients who died from liver cirrhosis with or without ascites was studied by means of light microscopy and electron transmission and scanning microscopy. Considerable lesions are found in the peritoneum: cuboidization of mesothelial cells, basal membrane thickening, dilation of stomata, lymphatic lacunae and collectors lumina. Liver cirrhosis with ascites is frequently followed by lymphatic vessels thrombosis and firm attachment of the diaphragm to the liver resulting in the inhibition of the ascitic liquid elimination. Thus both the enhancement of liquid transudation into the abdominal cavity and the disturbance of the drainage function of the diaphragm peritoneum take place.
Diaphragm and small intestine peritoneum morphology was studied in experimental portal hypertension in rats with the help of luminescent, transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Structural organizations of these peritoneum portions and performance function were different: fluid transudation realized through the small intestine peritoneum and resorption occurred via diaphragm peritoneum. Morphological signs allowed to judge about the increasing of fluid transudation in abdominal cavity and diaphragmatic resorption in early period of portal hypertension. Morphological alterations appeared in peritoneum resorption sites (pumping diaphragmatic hatchs) according to progress of portal hypertension that indicated decompensation process of peritoneal fluid absorption and led to ascites.
The article deals with the analysis of the course of the disease, the postoperative period, and complications in 293 patients and the results of study of the red cell ultrastructure and the acid-base equilibrium and blood gas composition in 33 patients with thrombosis and embolism of the main limb arteries. It was shown that the blood, its red cells, is the system which is mainly affected by endotoxins and high concentrations of biologically active substances occurring in the blood flow. According to the form of the red cells (normocytes, echinocytes, spheroechinocytes) and the quantitative relationship the depth of the pathological process can be judged. Shifts of the acid-base equilibrium in the direction of metabolic acidosis is compensated by intensified lung ventilation. Metabolic alkalosis appears in advanced cases. The revealed shift should be taken into account in applying intensive therapy.
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Studies carried out by the authors provided basis for distribution of rarely occurring chronic gastric ulcers into groups: according to the site (proximal ulcers), to the size (giant ones), to the number (multiple ones), and to the typologic features (combined with duodenal ones and ulcers of the pyloric ring and prepyloric part of the stomach). The given ulcers differ from genuine ones in the appearance and the rate of complications determined by morphologic criteria.
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The interrelationship of the state of the acid- and enzyme-forming function of the stomach with the alteration of its nerve system, parietal and main cells at different time after vagotomy was studied. The following reappearance of hypersecretion and the formation of a peptic ulcer of the anastomosis in the patients appears to be a results of reinnervation of the stomach.
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