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Biomedical subjects

V A Kolb

Publications and source records attributed to V A Kolb.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Ribosome-associated protein that inhibits translation at the aminoacyl-tRNA binding stage.

We have recently isolated and characterized a novel protein associated with Escherichia coli ribosomes and named protein Y (pY). Here we show that the ribosomes from bacterial cells growing at a normal physiological temperature contain no pY, whereas a temperature downshift results in the appearance of the protein in ribosomes. The protein also appears in the ribosomes of those cells that reached the stationary phase of growth at a physiological temperature. Our experiments with cell-free translation systems demonstrate that the protein inhibits translation at the elongation stage by blocking the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site. The function of the protein in adaptation of cells to environmental stress is discussed.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2000

Co-translational folding of an eukaryotic multidomain protein in a prokaryotic translation system.

Continuous monitoring of the enzymatic activity of newly synthesized firefly luciferase in Escherichia coli cell-free translation system was performed to record folding kinetics of this multidomain eukaryotic protein in the prokaryotic cytosol. Whereas in vitro refolding of denatured luciferase in prokaryotic cytosol occurred with a low yield of active enzyme and took about an hour, the enzyme acquired its native structure immediately upon release from the ribosome, as seen from the immediate halt of active luciferase accumulation upon blocking of translation with inhibitors. The nascent luciferase was also capable of acquiring the active conformation prior to release from the ribosome, when its C terminus was extended with a polypeptide segment. Specific enzymatic activity of the firefly luciferase was found to be equally high irrespective of whether this protein was synthesized in eukaryotic or prokaryotic translation systems. The data presented demonstrate the fundamental ability of prokaryotic cytosol to support effective co-translational protein folding in general and co-translational folding of multidomain proteins in particular.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

A protein residing at the subunit interface of the bacterial ribosome.

Surface labeling of Escherichia coli ribosomes with the use of the tritium bombardment technique has revealed a minor unidentified ribosome-bound protein (spot Y) that is hidden in the 70S ribosome and becomes highly labeled on dissociation of the 70S ribosome into subunits. In the present work, the N-terminal sequence of the protein Y was determined and its gene was identified as yfia, an ORF located upstream the phe operon of E. coli. This 12.7-kDa protein was isolated and characterized. An affinity of the purified protein Y for the 30S subunit, but not for the 50S ribosomal subunit, was shown. The protein proved to be exposed on the surface of the 30S subunit. The attachment of the 50S subunit resulted in hiding the protein Y, thus suggesting the protein location at the subunit interface in the 70S ribosome. The protein was shown to stabilize ribosomes against dissociation. The possible role of the protein Y as ribosome association factor in translation is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Cell-free immunology: construction and in vitro expression of a PCR-based library encoding a single-chain antibody repertoire.

A novel cloning-independent strategy has been developed to generate a combinatorial library of PCR fragments encoding a murine single-chain antibody repertoire and express it directly in a cell-free system. The new approach provides an effective alternative to the techniques involving in vivo procedures of preparation and handling large libraries of antibodies. The possible use of the described strategy in the ribosome display is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Proteins on ribosome surface: measurements of protein exposure by hot tritium bombardment technique.

The hot tritium bombardment technique [Goldanskii, V. I., Kashirin, I. A., Shishkov, A. V., Baratova, L. A. & Grebenshchikov, N. I. (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 201,567-574] has been applied to measure the exposure of proteins on the ribosomal surface. The technique is based on replacement of hydrogen by high energy tritium atoms in thin surface layer of macromolecules. Quantitation of tritium radioactivity of each protein has revealed that proteins S1, S4, S5, S7, S18, S20, and S21 of the small subunit, and proteins L7/L12, L9, L10, L11, L16, L17, L24, and L27 of the large subunit are well exposed on the surface of the Escherichia coli 70 S ribosome. Proteins S8, S10, S12, S16, S17, L14, L20, L29, L30, L31, L32, L33, and L34 have virtually no groups exposed on the ribosomal surface. The remaining proteins are found to be exposed to lesser degree than the well exposed ones. No additional ribosomal proteins was exposed upon dissociation of ribosomes into subunits, thus indicating the absence of proteins on intersubunit contacting surfaces.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
PubMed1996

Enzymatic activity of the ribosome-bound nascent polypeptide.

Firefly luciferase was shown to be completely folded and thus enzymatically active immediately upon release from the ribosome [Kolb et al. (1994) EMBO J. 13, 3631-3637]. However, no luciferase activity was observed while full-length luciferase was attached to the ribosome as a peptidyl-tRNA, probably because the C-terminal portion of the enzyme is masked by the ribosome and/or ribosome-associated proteins. Here we have demonstrated that the ribosome-bound enzyme acquires the enzymatic activity when its C-terminus is extended by at least 26 additional amino acid residues. The results demonstrate that the acquisition of the final native conformation by a nascent protein does not need the release of the protein from the ribosome.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Topography of ribosomal proteins: reconsideration of of protein map of small ribosomal subunit].

Exposure of proteins on the surface of the small (30S) ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli was studied by the hot tritium bombardment technique. Eight of 21 proteins of the 30 S subunit (S3, S8, S10, S12, S15, S16, S17, and S19) had virtually no groups exposed on the surface of the particle, i.e., they were mainly hidden inside. Seven proteins (S1, S4, S5, S7, S18, S20, and S21) were all well exposed on the surface of the particle, thus being outside proteins. The remaining proteins (S2, S6, S9 and/or S11, S13, and S14) were partially exposed. On the basis of these results a reconcilement of the three-dimensional protein map of the small ribosomal subunit has been done and corrected model is proposed.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1994

Folding of firefly luciferase during translation in a cell-free system.

In vitro synthesis of firefly luciferase and its folding into an enzymatically active conformation were studied in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. A novel method is described by which the enzymatic activity of newly synthesized luciferase can be monitored continuously in the cell-free system while this protein is being translated from its mRNA. It is shown that ribosome-bound polypeptide chains have no detectable enzymatic activity, but that this activity appears within a few seconds after luciferase has been released from the ribosome. In contrast, the renaturation of denatured luciferase under identical conditions occurs with a half-time of 14 min. These results support the cotranslational folding hypothesis which states that the nascent peptides start to attain their native tertiary structure during protein synthesis on the ribosome.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cotranslational folding of proteins.

Many unfolded polypeptides are capable of refolding into their native structure upon the removal of the denaturant. However, the folding of the mature protein during renaturation does not accurately reflect the folding process of nascent proteins in the interior of the cell. This view resulted from the discovery of molecular chaperones known to modulate protein folding. Recent publications discussing the possible role and mechanisms of chaperone action suggest that folding in vivo may be a posttranslational process. Here we discuss data that indicate the final native structure and biological activity can be attainted can be nascent protein on the ribosome, thus supporting the cotranslational folding hypothesis.

Globins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cotranslational protein folding].

The review analyzes the research concerning the folding of proteins in the course of their synthesis on ribosomes. The experimental data obtained for various proteins using various methods give grounds for concluding that a nascent protein largely acquires its spatial structure while still attached to the ribosome, and final folding into the biologically active conformation takes place as soon as the completed protein is released therefrom. Cotranslational folding is characteristic of both bacterial and eukaryotic cells, and appears to be the universal and the most evolutionarily ancient mechanism.

Animals↗