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Biomedical subjects

V A Orlov

Publications and source records attributed to V A Orlov.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The characteristics of kidney cancer invasion of the major retroperitoneal veins].

The authors discuss the variants of kidney carcinoma thrombus invasion of the major retroperitoneal veins, up to the right atrium, on basis of the literature data and their own findings during prosectorial (4) and clinical (7) practice. They emphasize that carcinoma may not only invade the large veins in the cardial direction in the blood flow but may also spread against the flow into the contralateral renal, hepatic, iliac, and other veins, which is illustrated by examples. Symptoms of cardiovascular insufficiency with venous congestion in the liver and lungs with the formation of red infarcts, the development of ascites and even with fibrous changes in the organs and insufficiency of their function came to the forefront in mild clinical signs of the main focus of affection. According to the clinical material, the incidence of thrombi in the inferior vena cava was 3.9%. All the thrombi in operated on patients were below the diaphragm and measured up to 11 cm in length. Histologically the thrombus consisted of formed elements of the blood, tumor cells (adenocarcinoma of light cells) which were inside it and fibrin which was outside. The thrombi grow slowly and undergo organization and vascularization.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the secretory, motor function and microcirculation of the stomach and duodenal walls in patients with duodenal ulcers].

A total of 22 patients with duodenal ulcer were examined for secretory and motor functions, microcirculation of the gastroduodenal wall and changes in the stomach-duodenum interrelations under the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation. Of these, group I included 9 patients with active ulcer; group II 13 persons with a healing ulcer. To assess gastric and duodenal functions, use was made of pH-metry combined with the measurement of intraluminal pressure by "open catheters". Microcirculation of the gastroduodenal wall was estimated by the radiation method. The studies have shown that the patients with active ulcer treated by hyperbaric oxygenation manifested a decrease of motor activity of both stomach and duodenum, an improvement of acid-neutralizing function of the stomach, a reduction of the duration of duodenum acidification, a greater normalization of microcirculation in the duodenal wall than in the gastric wall. In the patients with healing ulcers, the duodenal motility returned to normal, the initially elevated gastric motility fell to normal, the acidification of the duodenal bulb declined, and the regional blood flow returned to normal. It may thus be concluded that the positive impact of hyperbaric oxygenation on gastroduodenal function was more pronounced in the patients with healing ulcers where a more considerable decrease of motor activity was not accompanied by duodenal motility suppression.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Use of rifamethoprim in acute and chronic respiratory tract diseases].

Rifamethoprim is a new formulation containing rifampicin and trimethoprim. Its efficacy was studied in the treatment of a group of patients with various nonspecific diseases of the lungs. It was shown to be highly active against a broad spectrum of pathogens. With inclusion of trimethoprim to the formulation it appeared possible to markedly lower the bacterial ability to develop resistance to rifampicin, which solved the problem of long-term antibiotic use. The unique pharmacokinetic properties of rifampicin such as its capacity to penetrating into the sputum, lung tissues and cells make rifamethoprim be the drug of optimal choice in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in the blood serum and bronchial secretion in patients with chronic bronchitis after administration of a single 24-hour dose].

Concentrations of cefotaxime and its major active metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime, were determined in the serum and bronchial secretion of patients with chronic bronchitis aggravated after intramuscular injection of cefotaxime in a dose of 4 g once a day. Characteristic patterns of cefotaxime metabolism and high peak concentrations of desacetylcefotaxime in the serum (67.6 +/- 17.2 micrograms/ml) defined the prolonged retention of the metabolite both in the blood and bronchial secretion. The metabolite concentrations in more than half of the patients maintained within 2 micrograms/ml in the bronchial secretion by the 12th hour after the injection and in the blood serum by the 24th hour. Therefore, 4 g cefotaxime administered intramuscularly once a day provided the blood concentrations of the metabolite comparable with the MIC for the majority of the pathogens causing nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract practically within the whole period of the daily dosage. In the bronchial secretion such concentrations were attained within half of the period of the daily dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The possibility of long-term prognosis in influenza A pandemics].

On the basis of the analysis of the most significant influenza A pandemics over the period of 300 years, compared with periodic long-term changes in the climate and the cycles of solar activity, regularities in the manifestation of the biorhythms of the epidemic activity of influenza A virus have been established. The prognosis of pandemics for near and remote future is proposed.

Climate↗
PubMed1991

[The comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in the blood and bronchial secretion in patients with different durations in the course of chronic bronchitis].

The study on ceftriaxone penetration into bronchial secretion showed that in patients with a short-term history of chronic bronchitis (no more than 3 years) ceftriaxone used in a dose of 1 g once a day intramuscularly was detectable in the bronchial secretion within 10 hours after the administration, its concentrations being 0.67-2.41 micrograms/ml in 3 hours, 15.87 micrograms/ml in 4.5 hours, 4.58 micrograms/ml in 6.5 hours and 2.29 micrograms/ml in 10 hours. In patients with a long-term history of chronic bronchitis (mean 10 to 20 years) the presence of ceftriaxone in the bronchial secretion was detectable in a concentration of 0.51-3.75 micrograms/ml only in 2 hours after its administration. Beginning from the 5th hour after the administration its detection failed. This is indicative of lower ceftriaxone penetration into the bronchial secretion of such patients. The duration of chronic bronchitis did not influence ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics in blood. The contents of the antibiotic in serum and bronchial secretion were determined by HPLC (the resolving power of 0.5 micrograms/ml).

Bronchi↗
PubMed1990

[The efficacy of lanikor in treating patients with chronic cor pulmonale].

Cardiac glycoside lanicor produced in Yugoslavia ("Pliva") was administered to 43 patients with decompensated chronic cor pulmonale (DCCP). Blood concentrations of the drug given at a dose of 0.25 mg were evaluated over 24 h, in peak saturation, during therapy with maintenance doses. A daily loss of therapeutic activity of the drug was established. The total, mean and maintenance doses were determined. Tetrapolar rheography and right ventricular kinetocardiography found lanicor-related changes in the central and pulmonary hemodynamics. A positive cardiotonic response in DCCP patients appeared in 80.2% of those treated. A significant relationship existed between serum concentrations of lanicor and enhancement of myocardial contractility. The therapeutic concentration ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 ng/ml. A mean effective dose equalled 2.0 mg, whereas a recommended average maintenance dose 0.6 mg. The elimination coefficient reached 30%. Resistance to the drug occurred in 19.8% of the patients in the lack of correlation between the therapeutic dose and clinical effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinico-immunologic aspects of using mildronate in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases].

The immunity status of 35 patients with chronic bronchitis and infectious and allergic bronchial asthma was studied. Defects in the humoral immunity were revealed. To correct the immunity status, all the patients were treated with mildronate. The immunomodulatory effect of mildronate was found in all the groups of the patients. Mildronate was shown to increase the activity of a secondary immune response and the bronchial potency in the persons with infectious and allergic asthma.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Effectiveness of depin-E in patients with chronic bronchitis].

Acute course and long-term regimens of depin-E administration were evaluated clinically and pharmacologically in 50 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) and chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). The drug has three mechanisms of action: arteriolovenodilating, bronchodilating, direct pulmonary vascular. Therapeutic effect was achieved in 80% and 60% of COB and CCP patients, respectively. No response was demonstrated for patients with severe cardiac failure. Depin-E can be recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of CCP, to arrest hypertension crises in lesser circulation, to improve pulmonary circulation, central hemodynamics, exercise tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of patients with food allergy using Nalcrom].

A total of 65 patients with food allergy which manifested primarily by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi and skin were placed under observation. The patients were administered sodium chromoglycate (nalcrom) per os in a dose of 200 mg 4 times a day for 2-3 weeks, in part of cases up to 3 months and even up to 1-1.5 year. The skin manifestations of allergy (pruritus, urticaria, Quincke's edema, and eczematous rash), abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bronchospasm, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis disappeared. At the same time the majority of the patients demonstrated the reduction of the intensity of skin responses to the administration of different food antigens, the decrease of the antibody titer in blood serum in response to food antigens, and of the IgE content in blood. The side effects (nausea, heartburn, intensification of skin itch and abdominal pain) were noted in 4 cases.

Administration, Oral↗