Biomedical subjects

V A Price

Publications and source records attributed to V A Price.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Boston HAPPENS Program: a model of health care for HIV-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Adolescent Provider and Peer Education Network for Services.

The Boston HAPPENS [Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Adolescent Provider and Peer Education Network for Services] Program is a project supported by Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Program, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, which provides a network of care for homeless, at-risk, and HIV-positive youth (ages 12-24 years), involving eight agencies. The program has provided services to 1301 youth, including 46 who are HIV-positive. Boston HAPPENS provides a citywide network of culturally and developmentally appropriate adolescent-specific care, including: (a) outreach and risk-reduction counseling through professional and adult-supervised peer staff, (b) access to appropriate HIV counseling and testing support services, (c) life management counseling (mental health intake and visits as part of health care and at times of crisis), (d) health status screening and services needs assessment, (e) client-focused, comprehensive, multidisciplinary care and support, (f) follow-up and outreach to ensure continuing care, and (g) integrated care and communication among providers in the metropolitan Boston area. This innovative network of youth-specific care offers a continuum from street outreach to referral and HIV specialty care that crosses institutional barriers.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1996

HIV antibody responses in children of HIV-infected mothers.

About 25% of the children of untreated HIV-infected mothers are later determined to be HIV-infected. At birth, all of the children of HIV-infected mothers have HIV-IgG antibody, which is transferred transplacentally from the mothers to their children, and infected children produce HIV-IgG antibody in response to their infection. Most infected children have detectable HIV-IgA by 3 months of age. We have studied HIV antibody responses in three groups of children of HIV-infected mothers at 9 to 12 months and 15 to 24 months of age. The groups were classified by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria and included: (I) HIV seroreverters (SR); (II) HIV-infected; Non- to mildly symptomatic (N+A); and (III) HIV-infected; Moderately to Severely Symptomatic (B+C). HIV-IgG antibody was detected in some SR children at low titer levels (10 to 20) through 11 months of age but not at 12 or later. For both the N+A and B+C groups, there were no significant changes in the mean HIV-IgG titers from 9-12 to 15-24 months of age. Also, no significant difference in titers were found between the two infected groups for both age groups. HIV-IgA antibody responses were more frequently positive at 15 to 24 months for all seven antigens studied for the N+A than the B+C patients; however, statistical significance was attained only for gp41 (p < or = 0.01). N+A children showed more responses to the viral antigens at 15-24 months than at 9-12 months. This increase in HIV-specific IgA among the N+A children may be important in restricting their HIV infections. Total IgG levels were significantly higher in the HIV-infected groups than in the SR (p < or = 0.0001), but no differences were detected between the N+A and B+C groups. Total IgA increased over time in the N+A patients from 9-12 to 15-24 months. A similar trend was apparent in the B+C group, but did not reach statistical significance. Both N+A and B+C patients at 15-24 months had significantly higher total IgA levels than did the SR at 9-12 months of age. The B+C group had significantly lower CD4 counts for both age groups than did the N+A or SR groups (p < or = 0.0001).

Antibody Specificity↗

PubMed1995

Relation between insecurity and Type A behavior.

This article presents a new Type A Videotaped Clinical Examination scale that measures insecurity. This scale was validated against an existing insecurity measure in a sample of 204 individuals. The results indicated that this new scale is a valid measure of insecurity. The relation between insecurity and type A behavior was examined in a sample of 3013 people. In this large population insecurity showed a strong positive correlation to type A behavior and to each of the two overt behavioral components, time urgency and free-floating hostility.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Role of sigma H in expression of the fumarase gene (citG) in vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis 168.

The fumarase gene (citG) of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed from two promoter regions, citGp1 and citGp2 (P1 and P2); the P2 promoter is used by the E sigma H form of RNA polymerase. In order to study the role of P1 and P2 in citG expression, the promoter region and various deletion derivatives that effectively separate P1 and P2 were fused to the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) and introduced into the chromosome in single copy at the amyE locus. P1 functioned to provide a relatively low and stable basal level of fumarase activity throughout growth. In contrast, P2 activity was found to vary over at least a 50-fold range and was responsible for regulating fumarase activity during growth and sporulation in a rich medium and in response to changes in carbon source. To further investigate the role of sigma H in fumarase regulation, citGp2-lacZ fusions were introduced into a strain in which the expression of the chromosomal spoOH gene was under the control of the isopropylthiogalactopyranoside-inducible spac promoter. Induction of pspac did not lead to P2 induction, suggesting that citG expression is not regulated at the level of spoOH transcription.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1986

Alteration of type A behavior and its effect on cardiac recurrences in post myocardial infarction patients: summary results of the recurrent coronary prevention project.

One thousand thirteen post myocardial infarction patients were observed for 4.5 years to determine whether their type A (coronary-prone) behavior could be altered and the effect such alteration might have on the subsequent cardiac morbidity and mortality rates of these individuals. Eight hundred sixty-two of these individuals were randomly assigned either to a control section of 270 participants who received group cardiac counseling or an experimental section of 592 participants who received both group cardiac counseling and type A behavioral counseling. The remaining 151 patients, serving as a "comparison group," did not receive group counseling of any kind. Using the "Intention-to-Treat" principle, we observed markedly reduced type A behavior at the end of 4.5 years in 35.1% of participants given cardiac and type A behavior counseling compared with 9.8% of participants given only cardiac counseling. The cumulative 4.5-year cardiac recurrence rate was 12.9% in the 592 participants in the experimental group that received type A counseling. This recurrence rate was significantly less (p less than 0.005) than either the recurrence rate (21.2%) observed in the 270 participants in the control group or the recurrence rate (28.2%) in those of the comparison group not receiving any special treatment. After the first year, a significant difference in number of cardiac deaths between the experimental and control participants was observed during the remaining 3.5 years of the study. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time, within a controlled experimental design, that altering type A behavior reduces cardiac morbidity and mortality in post infarction patients.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1985

Reduction in type A behavior in healthy middle-aged American military officers.

One hundred eighteen senior officer-students of the U.S. Army War College who were healthy but exhibited type A behavior volunteered to be randomly selected and enrolled into (1) a section of 62 officers who received group type A behavior counseling for 9 months and (2) a control section of 56 officers who received no counseling of any kind. Marked or profound reduction in type A behavior at the end of 9 months was observed in 41.9% of the 62 participants who initially were enrolled to receive type A counseling; marked or profound reduction in type A behavior, however, was observed in only 8.9% of the 56 initially enrolled control subjects. No adverse effects on the military leadership qualities of type A counseled participants were observed by their classmates. Serum total cholesterol and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurements were obtained monthly. The serum cholesterol of the total cohort of subjects rose significantly during a month of considerable emotional tension and stress. Those subjects who underwent a profound reduction in the intensity of their type A behavior pattern also exhibited a significantly lower serum cholesterol value as the study continued than those subjects who exhibited no change in their type A behavior. No significant changes in plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in the total cohort during the above-mentioned period of stress, nor were any differences in this particular measurement noted between the type A counseled and the control participants.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Alteration of type A behavior and reduction in cardiac recurrences in postmyocardial infarction patients.

Eight hundred sixty-two postmyocardial infarction patients volunteered to be randomly selected and enrolled into: (1) a control section of 270 patients, who received group cardiologic counseling; and (2) an experimental section of 592 patients, who received group type A behavior counseling in addition to group cardiologic counseling. Reduction in type A behavior at the end of 3 years was observed in 43.8% of the 592 participants, who initially were enrolled to receive group cardiologic and type A behavioral counseling. This degree of behavioral reduction was significantly greater than that observed in participants who initially were enrolled to receive only group cardiologic counseling. The 3-year cumulative cardiac recurrence rate was 7.2% in participants who initially were enrolled to receive group cardiologic and type A behavioral counseling. This was significantly less (p less than 0.005) than that (13%) observed in participants who initially were enrolled to receive only cardiologic counseling. This difference in recurrence rates was due to a lesser incidence of nonfatal infarctions in the patients who had been enrolled in the section receiving type A behavioral as well as cardiologic counseling. These data suggest that type A behavior can be altered in a sizable fraction of postinfarction patients and that such alteration is associated with a significantly reduced rate of nonfatal myocardial infarctions.

Behavior↗

PubMed1978

Prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among adolescents.

The Stanford Sleep Inventory was given to 639, 11th- and 12th-grade students to assess the prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among an adolescent population. Of the sample reported, 49.8% had no sleep problems, whereas 37.6% reported occasional sleep disturbance and 12.6% reported chronic and severe sleep disturbance. Students complaining of disturbed sleep were more likely than good sleepers to describe negatively their physical and personality characteristics. The clinical implications of these data for developing educationally-based nondrug treatment of the complaint of insomnia among adolescents are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Separation of erythropoietin responsive cells in fetal mouse liver.

The erythropoietin responsive cells (ERC) in suspension cultures (ERCSC) of fetal mouse liver and the cells producing erythroid colonies in 2-day plasma clot cultures (CFU-E) sediment at similar rates. However, the sedimented fractions containing the majority of nucleated cells show minimal sensivitity to erythropoietin (Ep) and these cells sediment at a slower rate than the ERCSC. The studies suggest that in short-term suspension cultures of fetal mouse liver, Ep acts on morphologically unrecognizable cells to increase the number of hemoglobin-synthesizing cells rather than by increasing the quantity of hemoglobin synthesized per cell. This effect is similar to the principal in vivo action of Ep.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Oxymetholone and erythropoiesis: failure to detect an effect in fetal mouse liver cell cultures.

Oxymetholone, a steroid of proven clinical value in the treatment of refractory anemia, was without effect on endogenous or erythropoietin-mediated heme synthesis in fetal mouse liver cell cultures. This conclusion applied both when the cells were exposed to oxymetholone prior to culturing with erythropoietin and when the steroid was present in the cultures simultaneously with erythropoietin. Unlike those steroids having a direct effect on erythroid cells, oxymetholone also failed to increase the proportion of erythropoietin responsive cells in DNA synthesis. The relevance of these observations to the therapeutic benefit of oxymetholone is discussed. While the possibility that oxymetholone has to be metabolized to an active form cannot be excluded, the results suggest that oxymetholone does not seem to be erythropoietically active by a direct effect on erythroid cells. The fact that it is a successful therapeutic agent in some patients with aplastic anemia may be due to its proven ability to increase endogenous erythropoietin levels or to reduce ineffective erythropoiesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

The influence of alpha thioglycerol on erythropoiesis in fetal mouse liver cell cultures.

alpha-Thioglycerol has been shown to increase hemoglobin synthesis in suspension cultures of fetal mouse liver cells. The mechanism of this effect is unknown but appears to be directly on S-phase cells increasing their sensitivity to erythropoietin. alpha-Thioglycerol inhibits heme synthesis when S-phase cells have been removed by prior treatment with hydroxyurea. The stimulatory or inhibitory effects of thiols depending on the proportion of cells in S-phase suggests that extreme caution should be used when interpreting cell kinetic studies of cultured cells if thiols are present in the cultures.

Animals↗