Biomedical subjects

V A Shakhnovich

Publications and source records attributed to V A Shakhnovich.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Noninvasive assessment of the elastance and reserve capacity of the craniovertebral contents via flow velocity measurements in the straight sinus by TCD during body tilting test.

Invasive recording of intracranial pressure (ICP) changes during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion-drainage tests have been used to estimate elastance and reserve capacity of craniovertebral contents. The increase in ICP and its pulse-related oscillations lead to "cuff constriction" of cerebral veins. The purpose of this study is noninvasive assessment of elastance and reserve capacity of craniovertebral contents (RCCC) by measurement of flow velocity (FV) in the straight sinus by transcranial Doppler (TCD) during body tilt tests, which cause changes in ICP. The study was performed in 14 healthy volunteers (age 12-49 y, 6 men) and 32 patients with Intracranial Hypertension (IH) (Benign Intracranial Hypertension, n = 14; Brain Tumors, n = 18). The straight sinus was insonated through the occipital window during body tilt tests (BTT). Tilt table position was changed gradually from head up (+75 degrees) to head down (-45 degrees). It was established that systolic flow velocity and amplitude of FV pulsations (Amp) in horizontal position in patients is usually higher than in healthy volunteers. We found that reserve capacity of craniovertebral contents in patients with IH was usually exhausted. Elastance in patients was usually significantly higher than in healthy volunteers. Evaluation of cerebral venous circulation during body tilt tests clearly differs between the patients with IH and the healthy volunteers. The degree of this difference depends on the localization and character of the pathologic process.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[Electrophysiologic analysis of the selectivity of action of anticholinesterase preparations in hereditary ataxias].

The selectivity of action of anticholinesterase drugs (ACE drugs) in hereditary ataxias was studied using methods of registration of short latent stem-induced potentials to acoustic stimulation and assessment of the parameters of visual motor coordination. The findings obtained show the involvement in the pathological process of the brain stem in hereditary ataxias and the heterogeneity of action of ACE drugs. Thus, amiridine acted predominantly on efferent while galanthamine on afferent conduction of impulses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Short-latency brain stem evoked potentials to acoustic stimulation in patients with hereditary neuromuscular diseases].

Short-latent evoked potentials (SLEP) of the brain stem following acoustic stimulation (AS) were studied in 70 patients with hereditary neuromuscular diseases. The degree of changes in the components of brain stem SLEP in response to AS was found to correlate with disorders of impulse sensor conduction along the peripheral nerves in patients with the Roussy-Levy areflex distasia, the Charcot-Marie neural amyotrophy and Friedreich's spinocerebral ataxia. This method of recording brain stem SLEP following AS is a new modern highly informative tool of investigation allowing the physicians to assess the state of different portions of the brain stem in health and disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Clinico-electrophysiologic studies of multiple sclerosis patients].

Clinical-electrophysiological examination of 108 patients with demyelinated diseases of the nervous system, which included electromyography, electroneuromyography and study of trunk evoked potentials, allowed the authors to identify criteria of the differential and topical diagnosis in multiple sclerosis, multiple encephalomyelitis and encephalomyelopolyradiculoneuritis. Data provided by a combined electrophysiological examination employing the above listed techniques expand our understanding of individual elements of the pathogenesis of demyelinated diseases involving the nervous system.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

[Bulbar evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis].

Clinical and electrophysiological examinations of 20 patients with disseminated sclerosis and 8 patients with disseminated encephalomyelitis were carried out. The data of the examinations were compared with those obtained from registering truncal evoked potentials. This comparison contributed to specifying the criteria for diagnostic differentiation between these two diseases. The changes of the truncal evoked potentials in disseminated sclerosis pointed to a process of demyelinization in the brain trunk. These changes, however, were not characteristic for disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency due to traumatic carotid-jugular anastomosis].

The paper describes a clinical case of traumatic right carotid-jugular anastomosis, a rare abnormality of the great arteries in the neck. It presents data on its clinical and instrumental diagnosis, a procedure for a direct surgical intervention repairing the common carotid artery and the right internal jugular vein, which has yielded a good clinical result.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of occlusive and stenosing lesions of brachiocephalic arteries].

The results of surgical treatment of patients with occlusive and stenosing lesions of brachiocephalic arteries implemented at Burdenko's Research Institute of Neurosurgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) during 1999-2002 are described. A total of 164 operations were made in 128 patients. Different diagnostic methods and indications for various types of reconstructive and revascularization surgeries are under discussion. A variety of the carotid endarterectomy techniques and the conditions needed for their implementation (microsurgical equipment and intraoperative multi-modality neuromonitoring) are defined. Finally, the main complications and the methods of their prevention, correction and treatment are also described.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Combined surgical treatment for carotid paraganglioma].

The paper gives a clinical example of embolization of the vascular network of carotid paraganglioma with subsequent en-block tumor removal with bifurcation of the common carotid artery and with recovery of great blood flow along the internal carotid artery through alloprosthesis of the latter. The positive effects of a combination of endovascular embolization of the vascular network of the tumor with its subsequent removal are noted. Indications for endovascular embolization and its procedure, intraoperative evaluation of cerebral collateral circulation are discussed. Those for carotid repair during en-block removal of carotid paraganglioma with bifurcation of the common carotid artery are considered.

Adult↗