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Biomedical subjects

V A Shevchenko

Publications and source records attributed to V A Shevchenko.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
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[The influence of chronic and of acute irradiation on the polymorphism of RAPD-markers in offspring for irradiated mice].

On mice lines BALB/c and CBA/lac was performed the study of molecular-genetics effects in mice progeny after the chronic (dose rate -0.0017 Gy/day, total dose -0.36 Gy) and acute (dose range 1-3 Gy) exposure of y-radiation on the parents. For variability analysis was used technique of amplification DNA with series of random primers (RAPD-assay). Random primers were used as single primer and in mixture of ones. In this work were held the comparative analysis of the genetic radiosensitivity for stem spermatogonia and spermatides. After the acute exposure the dose dependence for levels of polymorphism of RAPD-markers were obtained. After the chronic irradiation, significant differences from control group were obtained only by use primers mixture M1. Comparative analysis of the genetic radiosensitivity of different stages of mice spermatogenesis are display is similar sensitivity of stem spermatogonia and spermatides after doses of irradiation 1 Gy and 3 Gy. Indicated that after irradiation by dose 2 Gy, spermatogonia are more sensitivity than spermatides.

Animals↗
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[Reciprocal translocations in mice found in the vicinity of the Chernobyl nuclear power station].

A study was made of the incidence of genetic damage to germ cells of male mice taken from or exposed within the thirty-kilometer zone of Chernobyl, the contaminated no-man's-land around the reactor that failed. At all contamination levels mouse spermatocytes exhibited reciprocal translocations, a relatively low frequency of which increased with increasing dose rate. Heterozygotes, with respect to reciprocal translocations (5%), were found among males exposed to enhanced radiation background as early embryos.

Accidents↗
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[Genetic disorders in laboratory mice exposed in the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Laboratory male mice (CBA X C57Bl)F1 were exposed in three sectors with different contamination degree of radionuclides within 30 km-zone of the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant. The total absorbed radiation doses in testes were 0.1; 3 and 25 Gy, respectively. Great depression of spermatogenesis was observed in exposed mice up to complete sterility in males from the most contaminated sector. The mutagenic effect of radiation was relatively low and did not increase with growth of the contamination degree.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Induction of genetic damage by incorporated 238Pu in the germ cells of male mice].

Frequency of dominant lethal mutation, occurrence of spermatozoa with abnormal heads, and changes in the testis mass were studied after the administration to mice of 238Pu in doses from 7 to 1850 Bq/g. The frequency of genetic lesions in the testis was not a function of alpha-radiation dose. The rate of the testis mass decrease was a linear function of the dose absorbed. RBE of 238Pu-alpha-radiation, as determined by the incidence of abnormal spermatozoa heads and by the changes in the testis mass, was from 14 to 35 with regard to the chronic effect of gamma-radiation.

Absorption↗
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[Cytogenetic effect of 238Pu alpha radiation on the germ cells of male mice].

A study was made of the yield of reciprocal translocations in stem spermatogonia of mice exposed to alpha-radiation (238Pu) and whole-body acute and chronic gamma-radiation within a wide range of doses and dose-rates. The frequency of reciprocal translocations induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of plutonium nitrate was relatively low and independent of the dose 1.5-18 months after the effect. The yield of the reciprocal translocations induced by chronic effect of gamma-radiation was appreciably lower than that observed after acute irradiation with the same dose and grew linearly with dose. The RBE of alpha-radiation was 10-20 with respect to chronic effect of gamma-radiation.

Alpha Particles↗
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[Genetic action of 131I and 125I on the germ cells of male mice].

A study was made of the genetic effects of iodine radioactive isotopes in male germ cells of (CBA X C57Bl)F1 hybrid mice. After a single intraperitoneal administration of Na131I (1.48 to 740 kBq/g) or Na125I (148 to 7400 kBq/g) to males the occurrence of dominant lethal mutations (DLM), reciprocal translocations (RT), and abnormal sperm heads (ASH) was studied. The radioactive iodine isotopes induced DLM at the postmeiotic spermatogenesis stages only. After the effect of the isotopes, the frequency of RT increased insignificantly with dose. The frequency of ASH was only increased with the highest 131I dose. Relative biological effectiveness of 131I and 125I was less than 1 with a reference to the indices under study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological effects of radionuclides on plants.

On the basis of analysis of the literature and personal data, principles of dosimetry were determined and an analysis was given of biological effects of radionuclides on plants when administered aerially and by root. A comparison was made of radiosensitivity of barley and dependence of sensitivity on the growth phase of the plant at the time of irradiation with a standard LD50 and UD50. The possibility of using correlated paramaters of bioinformation, such as the sensitivity indicator of evaluation of biological effects caused by small radiation doses, is considered. On the basis of correlations of the data obtained a prognosis is made of the probability of losses in harvest of grains subjected to radionuclides at various periods of development.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
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Causes of the resistance of Chlorella strains to physical and chemical environmental factors.

Factors have been studied which are responsible for the resistance of cells of several strains of Chlorella to physical and chemical stresses; measurements have been made of the effects of UV and x irradiation, heat treatment, detergents, cadmium salts, and insecticides. Cells which were resistant to the effects of physical factors were also resistant to chemical intoxication. A positive correlation was found between the resistance of cells to the described factors and the level of endogenous thiols in the cells, as well as the free radical content. This in turn is due to an increased number of reaction centers in the electron-transport chain.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic effect of 14C incorporated into the male germ cells of mice. Long-term and chronic 14C-glucose administration].

A study was made of the effect of 14C glucose after long-term (33 days) and chronic (6 and 12 months) per os administration to male mice (CBA X C57B1)F1. The average absorbed doses in gonads were 1.47 and 0.74 Gy after long-term administration and 0.066 and 0.013 Gy after chronic administration of 14C glucose. The tests used were: the frequencies of dominant lethal mutations (DLM), reciprocal translocations (RT), and abnormal sperm heads (ASH). The frequencies of DLM and RT were only shown to increase, with radiation dose, after long-term administration of 14C glucose. After chronic administration, of 14C glucose in the doses applied the effect was absent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic effects in the population of the Altai Territory subjected to ionizing radiation exposure as a result of the nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk proving grounds].

The cytogenetic examination of 178 persons living in seven settlements of the Altai region exposed to ionizing radiation during Semipalatinsk nuclear tests in 1949-1962 was carried out. It was shown that more than 80% of absorbed dose was due to the first nuclear explosion in 1949. The frequency of chromosome aberrations (dicentrics and rings) significantly exceeded the control level. The linear correlation between the dicentrics and rings frequency and absorbed dose was found. The cells with more than one aberrations were revealed in irradiated persons. This is supposed to be the result of 239Pu alpha-radiation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic effects in persons who suffered as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Frequency of chromosome aberration was evaluated in 537 persons taken part in amelioration after the accident. The highest rate of aberration was found in covering builders and dosimetric: 3.24 +/- 0.25 and 3.11 +/- 0.43 per 100 cells, respectively. The mean rate of aberrations among the Chernobyl NPP staff was 2.37 +/- 0.20 per 100 cells, in the other examined groups the mean yield of aberration varied from 1.31 to 1.47 per 100 cells. The found aberration rates correspond to the equivalent whole body doses in the range from 131 to 515 mGy as evaluated by the established dose-response curve. In the group of covering builders the individual aberration rates varied more markedly, and corresponded to the equivalent whole body dose up to about 1 Gy. Slides of 27 individuals were checked by an automated dicentric scoring system. The results showed a satisfactory correlation between the frequencies of dicentrics per chromosome detected by routine and computer methods.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of the FISH method for reconstructing the absorbed doses received by participants in the clean-up of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The frequency of stable translocations using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 persons who took part in liquidation of the Chernobyl accident and of 11 persons of control group. The individual doses for all patients were estimated from a calibration dose-response curve for stable translocation. The doses estimated by our cytogenetic data not always coincided with official dosimetric data. The possibility of using FISH for dose reconstruction of past radiation exposure was discussed.

Adult↗