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Biomedical subjects

V A Sokolov

Publications and source records attributed to V A Sokolov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Reviving an old idea: can artificial pneumothorax play a role in the modern management of tuberculosis?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of artificial pneumothorax (AP) in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients when anti-tuberculosis treatment is ineffective. DESIGN: We evaluated the outcome of therapy in 214 patients with cavitary PTB bacteriologically confirmed by culture treated during 1998-2004, 78.9% of whom had multidrug resistance. AP was applied in 109 patients (56 newly diagnosed TB and 53 retreatment cases). A control group consisted of 105 patients (respectively 55 and 50) treated without AP. The average period of AP application was 4.5 months for newly diagnosed patients and 9 months in retreatment cases. Anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens in both groups were based on drug susceptibility test results. RESULTS: Culture negativity was achieved in patients treated with AP in all new cases and in 81.1% of retreatment cases. Cavity closure occurred in 94.6% and 67.9% respectively. In the control group, culture negativity was achieved in respectively 70.9% and 40.0%, and cavity closure occurred in respectively 56.3% and 24.0%. CONCLUSION: AP considerably improved the treatment outcome in both newly diagnosed and retreatment patients. This procedure can be considered a useful addition in managing certain patients with cavitary TB, particularly those with drug resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Organization of municipal medical-and-social rehabilitation of the invalids of able-bodied age-veterans of armed conflicts].

A territorial model of the organization of medical-and-social rehabilitation of labor-liable-age invalids was studied basing on the results of the experiment which enabled to test in practice the system of rehabilitation, ensuring step-by-step persistent successive complex rehabilitation process with an individual approach to each invalid according to his or her health, personality, labor ability, social environment. The efficacy of this treatment was higher than executing separate medical and professional rehabilitation of invalids.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed2006

[Structure of hospital lethality in polytrauma and ways to reduce it].

Case histories of 276 patients and autopsy protocols for patients who had died of polytrauma in 2002-2003 were analyzed. It was found that hospital polytrauma lethality is characterized by two peaks: within the first 24 hours after trauma (34.3% of the victims) and on day 4 and later after polytrauma (53.2%). Acute blood loss and shock are the cause of early lethality. In the period from 1 to 3 days after trauma the main causes of death are edema and dislocation of the brain in patients with dominating craniocerebral injury. Late mortality (on day 4 and later) is associated with infectious complications. The overall lethality after polytrauma decreased from 26-30% to 18.5-18.9% for the recent 10 years due to shortening of presurgical period, "cell-saver" use, improvement of anesthetic and intensive care management, mini-invasive osteosynthesis, timely prevention and treatment of brain edema, preventive use of last generation antibiotics and immune correction.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Imprinting in plants].

This review discusses the modern issues in epigenetic regulation in plants related to the imprinting at the levels of genome, locus, and gene. The data described follow the historical order: from the beginning of research into non-crossability of plant forms with different ploidies to the recent communications about allelic imprinting at r1 locus of maize and the control of synthesis of storage proteins with a high forage value. The classical experiments of Kermicle and Lin on the cytogenetic confirmation of the role of parental genome ratio in the endosperm in a successful development of viable caryopses are described in detail. Uniqueness of the experimental technique used by these authors is emphasized. The variants for overcoming the effect of imprinted signal in apomicts and plants with a tetrasporic embryo sac are considered. A considerable attention is paid to the imprinting in the species with polyploid series and to the hypothesis of endosperm balance number. The issues of potential practical application of imprinting in breeding practice are discussed. The results obtained in this direction demonstrate the ways to increase the forage value of maize zeins.

Epigenesis, Genetic↗
PubMed2003

[Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of fluoridized 3-Z-hydrazine-2-benzoyl acrylates and their cyclization products].

A rapid development of the resistance of drugs and their toxic and adverse reactions suggest that new antituberculous drugs should be designed. Of the greatest importance is isoniazid resistance. Testing new compounds (IIa, b) has established that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug (IIa), 0.39 microgram/ml suppresses the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in the macrophages up to 50%, that of the drug (IIb), 1.56 micrograms/ml, causes death in 25% of cases, which is indicative of the high activity of compounds (IIa, b) against MBT.

Acrylates↗
PubMed2003

[General issues of medical care in multiple trauma].

Experience in diagnosis and treatment of patients with combined trauma is presented. The clinicoanatomic classification of combined traumas with their division into 7 groups is proposed. The process of medical care is subdivided in 4 stages - prehospital, critical care, specialized clinical and rehabilitation. The number of patients and their qualitative characteristics at each stage are different. The majority of the lethal outcomes occur at prehospital and critical care stages. Improvement of medical care at the prehospital stage may be realized trough creation of diagnostic and treatment algorithms, at critical care stage - by adequate infusion-transfusion therapy and determination of surgical care priority. Prophylaxis and treatment of complications are very important at the second and third stages. At the rehabilitation stage 84,6% patients need treatment of locomotor lesions, 14.5% - damages of the brain, 0.5% - damages of the spinal cord. Traumas of the thorax and the abdomen don't require long rehabilitation.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2002

[Epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the Urals and Volga-Vyatka Regions and immediate tasks of the service].

There is a disease spreading trend in the development of an epidemic process in the past decade (1992-2001). The number of patients with active tuberculosis increased by 2-2.5 times. In 2001, the morbidity rate first decreased by 3% in both regions. In overall, the epidemic situation is regarded as tense. The greatest priorities of work under the conditions of these regions are given. Emphasis is laid on that regional tuberculosis controlling programmes should be financially supported.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Complex radiologic diagnosis of renal tuberculosis].

The paper analyzes a complex of physical, laboratory, and radiation studies in 71 patients with renal tuberculosis verified by the bacteriological urine test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) or postoperative histology. Ultrasound study, computed tomography, and excretory urotomography are not shown to be of informative value in diagnosing parenchymatous tuberculosis of the kidney. The diagnosis of this form of tuberculosis is made only on its clinical manifestations and positive urinary MT test. In all other forms of renal tuberculosis and its sequels, pathological changes can be detected on the basis of complex radiation techniques.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

[Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in general health care facilities].

The paper deals with medical aspects how to organize the detection of tuberculosis in all populations. It is stressed that it is necessary now to enhance activities in polyclinics by increasing the quality of examination of those who visit doctors. The specialized service must reorganize its work with tuberculosis risk groups by enhancing organizational measures and increasing the quality of examination.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1998

[Differential diagnosis of pleural effusion].

The results of following up 598 patients diagnosed as having pleural exudate were used to analyze the potentialities of complex radiation and clinical differential diagnoses of this abnormality. The authors identified 4 most common nosological entities (tuberculosis, pleuropneumonia, cancer, mesothelioma) among patients of diagnostic hospitals. The diagnostic algorithm should be derived by taking into account the current techniques applicable to each disease form. With this, valid diagnosis may be made in 98.5% of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Additional thyroid dose factor from transportation sources in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster.

Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence location of patients with identified thyroid cancer (0-18 years old at the time of the accident) and a number of geographic parameters to better account for the etiology of thyroid cancer spatial distribution. Geographic parameters analyzed included spatial distribution of 137Cs and 131I in soil, population demographics, measurements and reconstructions. of absorbed thyroid 131I doses in the population, and maps of major transportation arteries. An interesting finding is the lack of a consistent correlation between the spatial distribution of radionuclides in the soil and thyroid cancer incidence. Instead, most of the thyroid cancer cases were diagnosed in settlements situated on major railways and roads. Correlating population with thyroid cancer cases and transportation arteries reveals a much higher cancer rate on or near major roads and railways than at a distance from them, again independent of radionuclide soil concentration. There are other important factors, of course, that must be considered in future evaluations of this phenomenon. These include the influence of iodine endemic zones, genetic predisposition to thyroid cancer, and duration of residence time in contaminated areas. The feasibility of radionuclide transport on railways and roads is discussed, together with the vectors for transfer of the contaminants to the human population. Developing a model to reconstruct the radiation dose to the thyroid over time in this geographic region is proposed in light of the impact of transportation arteries. Specific studies are outlined to provide the data necessary to develop this model as well as to better characterize the feasibility and scientific validity of the contribution to human health effects of this transport factor. Transport factor refers to the transport of radionuclides on transportation arteries and the transfer of these agents to the human population residing in the vicinity of these arteries. If the impact on thyroid cancer of the transport of radionuclides on major railways and roads is indeed significant, a major reappraisal of the risk of large-scale radioactive release into the environment is necessary.

Adolescent↗