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Biomedical subjects

V Albanese

Publications and source records attributed to V Albanese.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Foramen magnum stenosis and bilateral benign subdural collections in achondroplasia: case report.

A case of achondroplasia is presented in which cervico-medullary junction compression by foramen magnum stenosis and generalized seizures by bilateral subdural effusions were relieved by suboccipital craniectomy with C1 laminectomy and drainage of the collections. The important role played by NMR in the diagnosis of foramen magnum stenosis is stressed; the possible causes of hydrocephalus and subdural collections in achondroplasic patients are discussed. According to the authors surgical drainage of benign subdural collections in these patients is indicated in case of intractable seizures.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1991

Microsurgical management of suprasellar and intraventricular meningiomas.

A series of 78 intracranial meningiomas (68 suprasellar, 10 intraventricular) were operated on in our Institute after the advent of the operating microscope. In our review, we discuss the microsurgical technical problems related to the preservation of vascular and brain structures in the removal of intraventricular and parasellar meningiomas. Basic diagnostic criteria to plan correctly the surgical approach will be emphasized. Mortality and morbidity in parasellar meningiomas is, in our opinion, related to the experience of the surgeon in using the operating microscope rather then in using the laser and CUSA. We will also discuss the utility of preoperative embolization of the lesion as well as the indications for intraoperative EC/IC bypass. Finally, morbidity and mortality related to different approaches for intraventricular meningiomas will be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Receptor-mediated stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in human brain.

Stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by transmitter receptor agonists was studied in slices from the occipital, temporal and cerebellar cortex that were surgically removed from three patients during ablation of brain tumors. Norepinephrine and the muscarinic acetylcholine agonist carbamylcholine increased the content of [3H]inositol monophosphate (InsP) in all the regions examined, whereas the glutamate receptor agonist quisqualate was effective only in the cerebellar slices. These results provide evidence that neurotransmitter receptors are coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in human brain tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Italian multicenter study of reversible cerebral ischemic attacks. Part 5. Risk factors and cerebral atherosclerosis.

As part of a prospective study, the influence of several premorbid and environmental factors on the presence, extent and severity of cerebral vessel atherosclerosis was studied in 462 patients with clinical diagnosis of RIA who underwent cerebral angiography. The extent and severity of atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels was quantified using extracranial and intracranial cerebrovascular scores (ECS, ICS) based on the number and severity of the lesions in 11 extracranial and 21 intracranial arterial segments. Results of univariate and multivariate analyses indicate that the presence of atherosclerotic changes of cerebral vessels, as shown by angiography, was strongly related with age in both sexes. The lesions were more frequent in males, in particular under age 55. Elevated cholesterol was associated with a higher incidence of atherosclerotic lesions. Smoking was associated with a higher incidence of extracranial lesions. Age, smoking and history of hypertension were the best predictors of the extent and severity of cerebral vessel atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Association of bilateral extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion and midline brain tumour.

A 42-year-old patient with a bilateral extracranial internal carotid occlusion which was associated with a midline intracerebral tumour of the genu of the corpus callosum, is reported. This rare association is discussed in the light of the pathogenetic theories referred to in the literature in similar cases. It is felt that, such cases, although rarely encountered, should stimulate the adoption of more accurate neuroradiological investigations, in patients harbouring brain tumours, in order carefully to plan the anaesthetic and surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Nontumoral aqueductal stenosis in children affected by von Recklinghausen's disease.

The authors report three cases of primary nontumoral aqueductal stenosis associated with von Recklinghausen's disease in children. Moreover, 16 similar cases collected from the literature are presented. The clinical features are evaluated in light of data from the literature. Among all 19 cases, the median age was 19 years (range 6-46 years), and nine patients were under the age of 13 years. Our own patients underwent ventriculoatrial shunt procedures, followed by clinical recovery (follow-up 2-5 years). In one patient, computed tomography scanning performed 20 months after the operation showed a chronic calcified subdural hematoma in the right frontoparietal area. In conclusion, it is felt that, among all the pathological events usually described in patients affected by neurofibromatosis, primary aqueductal stenosis seems to be part of the natural history of this neurological syndrome.

Cerebral Aqueduct↗
PubMed1986

Early partial reperfusion in a new rat model of focal cerebral ischaemia.

The influence of early partial reperfusion in a new rat model of focal cerebral ischaemia was investigated. Two groups, each of 30 adult male rats, were subjected to permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. The former, (group A) had an additional permanent occlusion of both common carotid arteries; the latter (group B) had a temporary carotid occlusion lasting for two hours. Mortality rate, evaluated within three days, was 70% in group A and 20% in group B. The mean size of cerebral infarcts was 63% in group A whereas it was 21% in group B. These data suggest that, in this animal model, early partial reperfusion is effective in reducing the mortality rate, and the size of the cerebral infarcts. Furthermore, this experimental model appears suitable for studies elucidating the role of reperfusion and/or other efforts in focal cerebral ischaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Gastric emptying of solids in gastroesophageal reflux].

Delayed gastric emptying has been assumed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), even though this relationship has not been definitely established. Eleven patients with symptomatic GER were studied by esophageal manometry, endoscopy, gastroesophageal scintiscanning and gastric emptying of a mixed meal. Nine healthy subjects served as controls. Gastric emptying of solids (evaluated both as emptying half-time and emptying index) in GER patients was significantly slower than in controls. In comparison with a "normal" range previously established in 50 healthy subjects, only 2 of 11 (18.2 p. 100) of GER patients had a normal emptying rate. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the emptying half-time and the degree of esophageal lesions. These results suggest that impaired motor function of the gastric antrum could influence the natural history of GER disease and especially the appearance of esophagitis. The lack of esophageal lesions in the only two patients with "normal" emptying strongly supports this hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Indications and role of ultrasonography, transhepatic percutaneous cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in obstructive pathology of the distal choledochus].

The authors refer the results obtained with ultrasonography (US), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. One-hundred and forty-four patients have been investigated, on the basis of biological, clinical and ultrasonographic findings, by PTC or ERC. The high percentage rate observed in PTC-approached patients suggests that the combination of US-PTC would appear to provide an important role in diagnosing obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Urinary mercapturic acid in chemical workers and in control subjects.

Mercapturic acid urinary excretion was followed in a control group and in chemical workers exposed to toxic and mutagenic compounds. Chemical workers had a significantly lower excretion of mercapturic acid when compared with controls. Smoking effects were not significant statistically. No correlation was found between urinary mutagenic activity and mercapturic acid urinary excretion.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1983

Surgical sphincterotomy in the early management of non-malignant obstructive jaundice. Indications and results.

Biliary obstruction by non-malignant lesions can be treated either by biliary-enteric anastomosis or by sphincterotomy or sphincteroplasty. In the present report, 153 jaundiced patients operated on by sphincterotomy, were retrospectively examined. Proper indications for surgical sphincterotomy have been considered as follows: stones in the common bile duct (49.7%), biliary stones with secondary stenosis of Oddi (26.8%), impacted ampullary stones (17.6%), primary stenosis of Oddi (3.9%), stenosis of Oddi by perivaterian chronic pancreatitis (2.0%). Preoperative early diagnosis was recognized by US, ERCP, PTC, CT. The overall operative mortality was 2.6% and determined by acute renal failure in 2.0% and acute pancreatitis in 0.6%. Postoperative complications occurred in 4.6% and consisted in acute pancreatitis in 3.3% and bleeding from sphincterotomy in 1.3%. One hundred and twenty-three patients (82.5%) were followed up by questionnaire and by both X-ray studies and ultrasonography. Good results were observed in 80.5%, fair results in 17.1% and poor results in 2.4%. The presents study suggests further indications for surgical sphincterotomy in the treatment of benign biliary obstruction. The effectiveness of this procedure in the early management of non-malignant jaundice is also stressed.

Adult↗