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Biomedical subjects

V Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to V Andersen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

In vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes by Bordetella Pertussis.

Bordetella pertussis (B.p.) induces blast transformation of human lymphocytes; whole killed B.p. are more efficient than extracts obtained by sonication. Similar responses were obtained with each of the four strains used in the Danish pertussis vaccine. B.p. with low amounts of Protective Antigen and Histamine-Sensitizing Factor also induced lymphocyte transformation, but were less toxic to the lymphocytes at high concentrations. The supernatants of B.p. cultures were purified with respect to Lymphocytosis Promoting Factor; evidence is presented that these purified fractions possess T-lymphocyte mitogenic activity. Lymphocytes from all normal humans were stimulated by B.p., including cells from cord blood. Cells from childbearing women, obtained immediately after delivery, showed a general depression of lymphocyte transformation including the response to B.p. Children with whooping cough had a lower lymphocyte response to B.p. than healthy children. A highly significant correlation was observed between the responses to B.p. and to E. coli in the adults and newborn examined. It is concluded that the major part of the lymphocyte transformation induced by B.p. is non-specific.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocyte transformation studies in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.

The in vitro transformation of lymphocytes stimulated by a Mycoplasma pneumoniae preparation was measured by the uptake of 14C-thymidine. The lymphocytes from five patients with M.pneumoniae pneumonia showed a high degree of responsiveness when they were compared to the lymphocytes taken from eleven healthy control subjects who lacked M.pneumoniae antibodies. Another four patients with an acute affection of the central nervous system and serological evidence of an actual or recent M.pneumoniae infection had a lymphocyte response within the same range as that of the controls. The transformation of lymphocytes was studied at intervals for seven months after the onset of the illness in one of the patients with pneumonia. These studies showed an increasing response to a small dose of mycoplasma antigen. Lymphocyte transformation induced by other microbial antigens was studied in three pneumonia patients during and after convalescence. The first responses were low and increased more steeply than the response to M.pneumoniae. The later responses to the mycoplasmal and to the other microbial antigens increased in parallel. The usefulness of incorporating other microbial antigens in the evaluation of the patient's immune response to a relevant antigen in this type of experiment is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Sequential studies of lymphocytes, neutrophils and serum proteins during prednisone treatment.

Seven patients (6 with connective tissue diseases, 1 with bronchial asthma) have been studied before, during, and after prednisone therapy. Maximum dose was 15 mg daily, which was tapered off to zero within three months. All patients showed striking subjective improvement during therapy. The ESR reflected this improvement but the acute phase proteins did not. The serum concentration of prealbumin rose significantly during the period of most intensive steroid treatment. IgE decreased in the patient with bronchial asthma, but otherwise the immunoglobulins did not change, and positive serological tests remained unchanged. Contact sensitization to haptens was induced without impairment during therapy. Prednisone induced rises in blood lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations. Lymphocyte transformation, both mitogen- and antigen-induced, was not influenced by therapy, but PPD-induced inhibition of leucocyte migration decreased. Neutrophil phagocytosis was unimparied, but bactericidal capacity, stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and neutrophil and plasma lysozyme concentrations were all depressed during treatment with prednisone.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunological studies in children before and after splenectomy.

Fourteen children underwent splenectomy for congenital spherocytosis, splenomegaly, or thrombocytopenia. The patients were studied twice before the operation, three times during the first postoperative month, and one year later. A transitory rise in neutrophils and serum IgA was seen postoperatively; there was a modest but long-lasting increase in lymphocytes and a marked elevation of eosinophils. An immediate decline in serum IgM concentration was observed only in patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course, but one year after splenectomy the average IgM concentration had decreased by 23%. The in vitro lymphocyte transformation response to a panel of mitogens and antigens fell in the immediate postoperative period but was largely normalized 10 days postoperatively, except in the youngest of the patients who had repeated infections following the splenectomy. One year postoperatively the transformation response and the number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood were normal.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of Bordetella pertussis antigens and of corresponding antibodies in human sera.

Fourty-four antigens were demonstrated in sonicated preparations of Bordetella pertussis (B.p.), using crossed immunoelectrophoresis against antiserum obtained from rabbits. No qualititative differences between the four strains of the Danish pertussis vaccine were found. In preparations of B.p. culture medium, purified with respect to Lymphocytosis Promoting Factor (LPF) activity, one antigen was possibly related to LPF. In human sera, antibodies against five of the B.p. antigens were demonstrated by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. Antibody production was demonstrable in children during the pertussis vaccination period and was most marked after the second vaccination.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Cross-reactions between Bordetella pertussis and twenty-eight other bacterial species.

Cross-reactions between B. pertussis and 28 other bacterial species were studied by various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. A sonicated B. pertussis antigen preparation and a corresponding pooled rabbit antiserum were used as reference system. Two of the B. pertussis antigens were cross-reactive with antigens from 17, respectively 19, other bacterial species mainly gram-negative species. As judged by absorption of antibodies, the degree of cross-reactivity of these B. pertussis antigens with antigens from other species was found to be in the range 25-30%. Antigens from B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica were found to cross-react very extensively with B. pertussis, and only 4, respectively 2, of the 44 antigens of the B. pertussis reference system could not be absorbed with antigens from these two Bordetella species.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Neutrophilic granulocytes in acute bacterial infection. Sequential studies on lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin.

The changes in intraneutrophilic and plasma concentrations of the three antibacterial proteins lysozyme, lactoferrin, and myeloperoxidase were studied sequentially during acute bacterial infection in nine patients. Intraneutrophilic concentrations of the three proteins were decreased by more than 50% during the 1st week of infection, followed by a slow increase over the following 2 weeks. Nadir values coincided with maximal toxic granulation of the neutrophils. The data suggest that neutrophilic granulocytes are deficient during early bacterial infection, possibly because of deficient synthesis of antibacterial proteins in the bone marrow, and that neutrophil toxic granulation is the visual counterpart of this defect. The plasma concentrations of the three proteins showed considerable differences: whereas plasma lysozyme did not show any sequential changes, plasma myeloperoxidase was high at the start of infection and quickly decreased towards normal values, and plasma lactoferrin, high in the first samples, showed a secondary peak 1 week after onset of disease, before normalization was seen. These differences may result from differences in the signals are specific for the individual antibacterial protein and not for the different types of neutrophil granules.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Sequential studies of lymphocyte responsiveness and antibody formation in acute bacterial meningitis.

Lymphocyte transformation responses in vitro were studied in eight patients with acute bacterial meningitis (in five due to Neisseria meningitidis). Sequential studies were done from 24--48 hr after the first symptoms of infection to complete recovery. In all cases lymphocyte transformation was depressed during the acute phases of illness. The responses to microbial antigens were more affected than the responses to mitogens. The course of the lymphocyte responses to the causative micro-organism showed no difference from the responses to other microbial species. A moderate shift towards increased sensitivity of the lymphocytes to lower doses of the causative micro-organism was observed during the course of illness in three cases. In N. meningitidis infection, a rapid rise was seen in the serum titres of complement-fixing antibodies and in the number of precipitating antibodies, whereas the rise in immunoglobulin concentrations was more prolonged. Characteristic patterns of elevation and return towards normal were found in the serum concentrations of the acute-phase reactants alpha1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and orosomucoid. It is concluded that the lymphocyte transformation responses in vitro during severe bacterial infection are largely governed by non-specific factors, and that studies of lymphocyte responses to micro-organisms should always include other microbial species as controls.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1976

Hapten-specific lymphocyte transformation in humans sensitized with NDMA or DNCB.

The primary immune response to a contact sensitizing dose of para-N-dimethylnitrosaniline (NDMA) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was obtained in humans and measured in vitro by increased thymidine incorporation into sensitized lymphocytes. No cross-reaction was found between these two haptens, and it is thus possible on two separate occasions to quantify and follow the primary cellular immune response in man.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1975

An in vitro assay of leukocyte migration inhibitory activity from human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A.

Human venous blood lymphocytes, incubated for 22 h in serum-free culture medium with the plant mitogen concanavalin A (Con-A), elaborated products, which inhibited the migration of human buffy coat cells under agarose. Con-A was removed by applying the supernatants on small Sephadex G-100 columns. The leukocyte migration inhibitory activity (LMIA) was tested in a semi-quantitative modification of the indirect leukocyte migration agarose technique, which is described. Lymphokine activity, demonstrable as early as 9 h after activation of lymphocytes, was most pronounced after 22 h. Significant LMIA was demonstrated in 12 of 17 normal individuals at standard dilution of culture supernatants I/3. In 9 of the 12 experiments, assays of LMIA were carried out on stepwise diluted supernatants with detection of the greatest dilution with significant LMIA. In four experiments LMIA could only be detected after 3- to 12-fold concentrations of supernatants. Considerable individual variation was found, the amounts of LMIA varying by a factor of about 300. The reproducibility appeared to be quite high, but the factor stability of supernatants stored at -20 degrees C was surprisingly low.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Sex-linked hereditary thrombocytopenia with immunological defects.

14 cases of severe thrombocytopenia in one family are presented. Case histories, clinical examination, analyses of platelets, haemoglobin, reticulocytes, leucocytes, eosinophilocytes, differential counts of leucocytes, serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE concentrations, complement fixing platelet antibodies, isohaemagglutinins, colour perception, determination of red cell and serum groups as well as HL-A types were obtained from a total of 59 members of the family. The in vitro blast transformation response of blood lymphocytes was studied in 6 patients and 45 relatives. The pattern of transmission of the disease was in full agreement with X-linked recessive inheritance. Investigation of the immune system revealed impaired responses to microbial antigens in the 6 patients so studied. All relatives examined had normal haematological status, whereas approximately half showed a subnormal response to one microbial extract. The low responders were evenly distributed within the family, and it was not possible to correlate low response and presumed carrier state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

On the diagnosis of Fabry's disease.

Fabry's disease is a recessive X-linked inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase. The large variety of symptoms may make the diagnosis difficult. A severely afflicted female patient is presented. For several years she had been treated under the diagnosis polyarteritis nodosa until the characteristic cutaneous lesions of Fabry's disease were recognized. Enzymatic studies and electronmicroscopic examinations confirmed the diagnosis. A symptomatic effect of corticosteroid treatment was proven. The grave prognosis, the recent attempts at enzyme substitution therapy and the possibility of preventing new cases by prenatal diagnosis should stimulate the efforts of the clinician to diagnose the disease.

Adult↗