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Biomedical subjects

V B Seĭbil'

Publications and source records attributed to V B Seĭbil'.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Live enteroviral vaccines for the emergency nonspecific prevention of mass respiratory diseases during fall-winter epidemics of influenza and acute respiratory diseases].

The results of the 3-year controlled trials of a new method of nonspecific urgent prophylaxis of influenza and acute respiratory diseases (ADR) by immunization of healthy adults with standard live enterovirus oral vaccines, introduced in 2-3 administrations at intervals of 7-10 days, at the initial stages of autumn and winter epidemics are presented. Observations, carried out in three republics, covered more than 150,000 persons immunized with enterovirus interferonogenic vaccines. A considerable decrease in morbidity rate among the vaccinees was achieved (on the average, by 3.2 times) in comparison to that among nonimmunized subjects. The method of nonspecific prophylaxis with live enterovirus interferonogenic vaccines is recommended during outbreaks of diseases induced simultaneously by several causative agents of influenza and ARD, as well as by pathogenic enterovirus strains.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Characteristics of the genome of poliovirus type 3 isolated from patients with poliomyelitis in Moldavia].

Twelve poliovirus isolates of serotype 3 from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis have been analyzed by oligonucleotide mapping of the viral genomes. All the studied strains were isolated from patients in different regions of the Moldavian SSR in 1982. The maps of all isolates are similar but they do not practically possess any large oligonucleotides characteristic of the vaccine strain of type 3 poliovirus. It is concluded that a wild neurovirulent strain of type 3 poliovirus, that circulated in 1982 in the Moldavian SSR was the cause of paralytic poliomyelitis cases. All the studied isolates are suggested to have been derived relatively recently from the common ancestor.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[How poliomyelitis is to be eradicated completely].

In 1988 the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. The work continues. The problem arose how to quit the system of mass immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) without trouble and to achieve the disappearance of polioviruses worldwide. After the cessation of the OPV use a certain number of vaccine viruses may remain that will circulate among the ever growing number of nonimmune population. Live enterovirus vaccines prepared from nonpathogenic serotypes of ECHO virus are proposed for application to stop the circulation of vaccine poliovirus. These vaccines will make it possible to eliminate the remaining vaccine viruses from circulation and to complete the process of worldwide poliomyelitis eradication.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status of herd immunity to poliomyelitis in children in the Moscow region].

The paper presents the results of 3-year observations of the status of herd immunity to poliomyelitis in 7 towns of the Moscow region. In individual years antibody for poliomyelitis virus of 3 types was found in 63-74% of the examined children and from 2.7 to 7.5% of children were triple-negative. Insufficient levels of herd immunity to poliovirus types I and III were found. Some factors are analysed which could have some influence on the decline of herd immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[State of collective immunity to poliomyelitis in Moscow donors].

Immunity induced by immunization with oral poliomyelitis vaccine has long been considered to last for life, similarly to immunity developing after infection with wild poliomyelitis virus. Vaccine virus cannot circulate among the immune population for a long time. The vaccination of children against poliomyelitis, carried out in the course of many years, has made it possible to suggest that a considerable number of immune persons were present among the adult population. The examination of 1,030 Moscow donors has revealed that antibodies to poliomyelitis virus of types 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 47.3%, 45.5% and 76.4% of the examinees respectively, the values of the average geometric titers being low. It is known that passages of poliomyelitis vaccine virus through nonimmune persons may result in emergence of revertant viruses with increased neurovirulence. The nonimmune adult population, especially the mothers of vaccinated and revaccinated children, may serve as favorable environment for the circulation of vaccine viruses and the appearance of revertant viruses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Strain-specific antibodies as an indicator of the circulation of wild poliomyelitis viruses and their role in the formation of collective immunity in the population].

Essential differences in the intensity of collective immunity to poliomyelitis in the donors of Moscow and Kaluga were established. To find out the nature of high characteristics of collective immunity to poliovirus, types 1 and 2, in the donors of Kaluga, strain-specific antibodies to wild and vaccine polioviruses were studied. In a considerable number of donors strain-specific antibodies to poliovirus, types 1 and 2, were detected. This made it possible to presume a sufficiently wide circulation of these viruses among the population of the city in the middle of the 20th century and, as a consequence, high level of collective immunity appeared. Strain-specific antibodies to poliovirus of type 3 were rarely detected. This made it possible to suggest that the circulation of viruses of this type among the population was limited. Immunity to viruses of this type was due only to immunization. For this reason the characteristics of collective immunity in the donors of Moscow and Kaluga coincided. The detection of strain-specific antibodies to poliomyelitis virus allowed to retrospectively form the opinion of the spread and time of the circulation of wild poliomyelitis viruses in the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enteroviruses in the XX and XXI centuries].

The modern view of the role of enteroviruses in the eradication of poliomyelitis is presented. Enteroviruses were discovered in the XX century. In the 1950s they caused great epidemics of poliomyelitis and serous meningitis in many countries of the world. The introduction of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) into medical practice made it possible to eliminate the epidemics of poliomyelitis in a short time. Poliomyelitis morbidity was reduced to sporadic cases and in a number of regions disappeared. OPV produced non-specific influence also on the epidemics of serous meningitis, as well as on a case incidence. The eradication of poliomyelitis viruses and the cessation of immunization with OPV will not result in eradication of paralytic diseases. Paralytogenic viruses of 20 serotypes circulate in nature, and some of these viruses are capable of causing the outbreaks of severe paralytic diseases. The authors propose either to retain immunization with OVP as tour immunizations with monovaccine of type 2, or to create new live enterovirus vaccines on the basis of avirulent enterovirus strains.

Enterovirus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serous meningitis].

During the second half of the 1950s serous meningitis and other enterovirus-induced diseases played one of the leading roles in human pathology in the world. Since the introduction of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) into wide medical practice from the beginning of the 1960s and during the subsequent decades the number of epidemics and the morbidity level in enterovirus-induced diseases sharply dropped. This was probably due to the interference of enteroviruses circulating in nature and vaccine polioviruses in the intestine of vaccinated children. At the beginning of the XXI century a tendency towards a growth in the morbidity of serous meningitis of enterovirus etiology was noted. This growth was probably due to a sharp decrease in the level of revaccinations of children with OPV. At the age of 2 to 14 years, most affected by enteroviruses, children were not vaccinated with OPV and they were thus left unprotected. The materials on the epidemiology of serous meningitis and recommendations on etiological diagnosis, as well as on the patients hospitalization and the vaccination of children with OPV as a nonspecific antiepidemic measures based on the phenomenon of virus interference are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term observations of dynamics of collective immunity to poliomyelitis in vaccinated children].

Examinations of children in the Moscow region in 1972 revealed low values of the herd immunity to poliomyolitis. This was suggested to be due to improper organization of vaccination of children. The regional health authorities took special measures for better organization of vaccination. The examinations two years later, in 1974, showed nearly 90% of children between the ages of 1 and 6 years to have antibody to all three types of poliomyelitis virus. The geometric mean antibody titre increased. In children of 10--14 years the heard immunity values did not differ significantly from those found in 1972. It is concluded that proper vaccination gives sufficiently intensive immunity nearly in 90% of children. It was found that in children vaccinated 10--12 times the herd immunity persists without significant changes for 3 years after the last vaccine feeding; at 4 years, however, some values of the herd immunity, particularly to poliomyelitis virus type III, were significantly lower than the original values. It is suggested that it is likely to be expedient to revaccinate 4-grade schoolchildren and to reduce the total number of vaccine feedings during the first 4 years of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Strain-specific antibodies to wild poliomyelitis viruses as an index of the circulation of these viruses in a surveyed territory].

In response to vaccination or infection with wild poliovirus, some children can finely differentiate the virus structure and respond by forming strain-specific antibodies. The analysis of strain-specific antibodies indicates that in epidemically unfavorable regions strain-specific antibodies to wild poliovirus strains may prevail over those to vaccine poliovirus strains in children or occur with equal frequency. In epidemically favourable regions strain-specific antibodies to vaccine poliovirus strain significantly prevail in children or may be absent at all. The analysis of strain-specific antibodies makes it possible to retrospectively judge on the circulation of wild viruses in the surveyed region.

Antibodies, Viral↗