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Biomedical subjects

V B Tuason

Publications and source records attributed to V B Tuason.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

How does cognitive therapy work? Cognitive change and symptom change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression.

The effects of changes in depression-relevant cognition were examined in relation to subsequent change in depressive symptoms for outpatients with major depressive disorder randomly assigned to cognitive therapy (CT; n = 32) versus those assigned to pharmacotherapy only (NoCT; n = 32). Depression severity scores were obtained at the beginning, middle, and end of the 12-week treatment period, as were scores on 4 measures of cognition: Attributional Styles Questionnaire (ASQ), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), and the Hopelessness Scale (HS). Change from pretreatment to midtreatment on the ASQ, DAS, and HS predicted change in depression from midtreatment to posttreatment in the CT group, but not in the NoCT group. It is concluded that cognitive phenomena play mediational roles in cognitive therapy. However, data do not support their status as sufficient mediators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The association of MHPG to dexamethasone suppression test status.

The results of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were compared to levels of 24-hour 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in 60 patients with unipolar depression. DST nonsuppressors had significantly higher levels of MHPG than did DST suppressors. The possible implications of this finding are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of parenteral loxapine and haloperidol in hostile and aggressive acutely schizophrenic patients.

In a parallel groups, double-blind study, 54 acutely psychotic schizophrenics were given loxapine or haloperidol parenterally for 24 to 72 hours, then orally for a total study period of up to 10 days. Dosage ratios of loxapine to haloperidol ranged from a minimum of 2.7:1 to a maximum of 4.4:1. Both groups showed significant and rapid improvement from baseline. Forty-eight percent of the loxapine patients and 33% of the haloperidol patients achieved and maintained a global severity of illness rating of mild or better. By the end of the study, 84% of the loxapine patients and 63% of the haloperidol patients had achieved an improvement rating of moderate or marked. This difference approached significance (p less than .10). The most frequently reported adverse experiences were dystonic reactions and akathisia. The number and severity of adverse experiences did not differ significantly between drug groups. Intramuscular loxapine was at least as effective as haloperidol in the initial management of hostile and aggressive schizophrenic patients. The maintenance of therapeutic response after conversion to oral concentrate was comparable with the two drugs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Thyroxine binding and TSH in recurrent depressive episodes.

Evidence of a link between recurrent affective disorders and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis has been frequently reported. The clinical course of 40 recurrent major depressive patients was monitored over 2 years with respect to several parameters of thyroid function. Patients entering a depressive recurrence manifested lower free versus bound thyroxine quotients and had higher TSH secretion. A dynamic HPT axis response may enhance the clinical outcome of acute depression during continuation pharmacotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Report of the NIMH Collaborative Study Group comparing lithium carbonate, imipramine, and a lithium carbonate-imipramine combination.

In a double-blind, long-term follow-up study, 117 bipolar patients received lithium carbonate, imipramine hydrochloride, or both and 150 unipolar patients received lithium carbonate, imipramine, both lithium carbonate and imipramine, or placebo. With bipolar patients, lithium carbonate and the combination treatment were superior to imipramine in preventing manic recurrences and were as effective as imipramine in preventing manic recurrences and were as effective as imipramine in preventing depressive episodes. The combination treatment provided no advantage over lithium carbonate alone. With unipolar patients, imipramine and the combination treatment were more effective than lithium carbonate and placebo in preventing depressive recurrences. The combination treatment provided no advantage over imipramine alone. The lithium carbonate-treated group had fewer manic episodes than the other groups. Treatment outcome, which was evaluated primarily in terms of the occurrence of major depression or manic episodes, was significantly related to characteristics of the index episode, ie, the episode that brought the patient into the study.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Alternative induction and crossover schedules for methadyl acetate.

Various schedules exist for inducting heroin addicts newly admitted to treatment into methadyl acetate maintenance and crossover schedules for the transition from methadone maintenance to methadyl acetate maintenance. A sample of 255 street addicts was randomized to three induction schedules: methadyl acetate three times a week (tiw) with placebos on alternate days; methadyl acetate tiw supplemented with decreasing doses of methadone on alternate days; methadyl acetate six days a week with diminishing doses on three days. Treatment was double-blind for four weeks and single-blind for six. All schedules were considered feasible, but supplementation with methadyl acetate or methadone had no advantage. A sample of 310 patients receiving methadone maintenance was randomized to comparable supplementation groups, except that the group receiving supplementary methadyl acetate received it along with the regular dose. This schedule was not successful. Supplementing with methadone had no advantage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Polyethylene glycol interferes with protein molecular weight determinations by gel filtration.

Gel filtration studies on Sephadex G-75 demonstrate markedly increased elution volumes for proteins chromatographed with polyethylene glycol. As little as 5% (w/v) polyethylene glycol in the applied protein sample can reduce apparent molecular weight estimates by gel filtration as much as 55%. Furthermore, gel filtration columns equilibrated with polyethylene glycol are not size-separating columns. Consequently, caution must be exercised when performing and interpreting gel filtration studies of proteins previously treated or precipitated with polyethylene glycol.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1984

Elevated plasma tricyclic levels with therapeutic doses of imipramine.

Nine (15%) of 59 patients treated with imipramine at doses of 150 to 300 mg/day had steady-state plasma levels greater than 500 ng/ml. Low capacity for hydroxylation was found in all six patients for whom hydroxy metabolites were measured. Maximum tricyclic levels in the nine study patients were comparable to levels found in tricyclic antidepressant overdoses (651-2439 ng/ml). No study patient experienced any adverse effects: QRS durations were all less than 100 msec, and a mildly dry mouth was the most commonly reported side effect (five of nine patients). Depressive symptoms recurred in three patients when their imipramine dose was decreased.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Loxapine versus chlorpromazine in paranoid schizophrenia: a double-blind study.

Newly admitted paranoid schizophrenic patients (N = 68) were treated with either loxapine or chlorpromazine for up to 4 weeks. Mean maximum dosages were 84 mg/day of loxapine and 820 mg/day of chlorpromazine. Loxapine showed efficacy superior to that of chlorpromazine, confirming earlier retrospective findings. Adverse reactions were also less troublesome with loxapine.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Electrodermal activity in euthymic unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. A possible marker for depression.

Skin conductance, heart rate, and resting EEG were examined in 26 patients with unipolar and 24 with bipolar affective disorder (in remission) and 46 medical control patients. The electrodermal activity (EDA) was monitored during a tone series that included a dishabituating stimulus as well as at rest and during respiratory maneuvers. The EDA of the patients with affective disorder was uniformly depressed across all tasks and conditions. Only one of the unipolar and five of the bipolar patients showed an elevated tonic conductance level, compared with about half of the normal subjects. These results suggest that diminished EDA may serve as a marker of susceptibility to affective disorder or, alternatively, that elevated EDA may be a protective factor. There were no EEG differences between groups, and observed cardiac rate differences were attributable to the effects of tricyclic medication.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Occurrence of depression in the postpartum state.

Using multiple variables of illness, comparisons were made between 17 postpartum depressives with recurrent affective disorder and 37 women with children and recurrent affective disorder but no postpartum depressions. An earlier age of onset in patients with postpartum depression was the only variable that was significantly different between groups. The occurrence of depression for the 17 subjects was significantly greater in the postpartum period than in the non-postpartum period. The postpartum depression rate for pregnancies subsequent to the initial postpartum episode was 75%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Depressive phenomenology in North and South American patients.

The authors assessed patients newly admitted to two North American health centers and one South American (Colombian) center according to a standardized protocol, with a structured interview, a symptom checklist, and a depression scale. The patients were suffering from major depressive disorders with endogenous features. There was an impressive similarity in symptoms of depression across cultures, supporting the idea of a universal core depressive syndrome. However, somatization indexes, psychomotor components of depression, and levels of psychopathology differed between U.S. and Colombian samples. The authors offer a general discussion of potential determinants of these cross-cultural differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relationship of headaches to depression.

One hundred and sixteen patients with major depressive disorder were asked for details of headaches during a depressive episode and during a nondepressed period. They experienced a headache rate similar to controls during the nondepressed period, but had an increased headache rate during depression (P less than .02). Patients with an increase in depressive headaches were younger, had more somatic complaints, and experienced more hypersomnia than other depressives.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bilateral electrodermal asymmetry in euthymic patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorders.

Bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) was examined in depressed patients in remission. In Study 1, 26 unipolar and 24 bipolar patients were compared to 46 psychiatrically healthy controls. Subjects were exposed to 17 86-dB pure tones while skin conductance was recorded from both hands. In Study 2, which was conducted 1 year later, many of these same subjects were recalled to form euthymic groups containing 22 unipolar, 22 bipolar, and 26 controls subjects. EDA was monitored bilaterally while subjects heard 8 86-dB tones and 12 105-dB tones followed by 8 familiar sounds that had a peak intensity of 105-dB. No consistent bilateral asymmetries in EDA were observed. Retest reliability coefficients indicating the stability of lateral differences over the 1-year period were close to zero. The results indicate that bilateral electrodermal asymmetry is not a trait characteristic of individuals prone to major affective disorder.

Acoustic Stimulation↗