Biomedical subjects

V Baelum

Publications and source records attributed to V Baelum.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Predictors of destructive periodontal disease incidence and progression in adult and elderly Chinese.

This study describes some predictors of new and progressing destructive periodontal disease over a 10-year period in rural Chinese. A total of 398 persons aged 20-80 years, who had participated in a baseline survey of tooth mortality, dental caries and periodontal conditions and were still dentate 10 years later, were reexamined for the same parameters as assessed at baseline. Three different threshold values were used to define new and progressing destructive periodontal disease. Irrespective of the threshold used, most persons experienced new disease. Progressing disease was very prevalent when a 2+ mm disease definition was used, but occurred less frequently at the higher threshold levels. The logistic regression models for 2+ and 3+ mm disease were essentially similar, and showed that women, persons with 104 sites or more, and persons with 0-5% sites with 4+ mm attachment levels had a lower risk of disease progression as well as of new disease than did men, persons with few sites and persons with 6% sites or more with attachment levels 4+ mm. The variables sex, number of sites present, percentage of sites with 4+ mm attachment levels, and presence of mobile teeth were predictive for new disease using a 4+ mm definition. Age, percentage of sites with 4+ mm attachment levels and percentage of sites with 4+ mm pockets were predictive for progressing disease using the 4+ mm disease definition.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

A 10-year study of the progression of destructive periodontal disease in adult and elderly Chinese.

This study describes the progression of destructive periodontal disease among Chinese aged 20 to 80 with limited access to dental health facilities and minimal traditions for oral hygiene procedures. These individuals were followed for 10 years to determine whether the rates for progression of periodontal disease were markedly different than for populations with more access to oral health care. At baseline, participants had been examined for tooth mobility, plaque, calculus, gingival conditions, attachment levels, and probing depths on 4 sites of each tooth present. These probing depth and attachment level recordings were repeated at follow-up, although third molars were excluded from examination. A total of 398 persons remained dentate at follow-up. The analysis demonstrated that virtually all subjects experienced > or = 2 mm attachment loss over the 10-year period, and frequently in a large proportion of the sites present. Attachment loss > or = 3 mm was also widespread, but the distribution of persons according to the extent of > or = 3 mm attachment loss was positively skewed in all age groups. Positive skewness was even more pronounced when attachment loss of > or = 4 mm was considered. Some types of teeth, such as mandibular incisors and maxillary molars, had higher progression rates than did, for example, maxillary incisors. The mean individual attachment loss rates did not differ significantly between age groups, and were remarkably similar to those reported for populations whose access to and tradition for oral health care is widespread.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Subgingival microbiota in adult Chinese: prevalence and relation to periodontal disease progression.

The "checkerboard" Dna-Dna hybridization technology was used to study the epidemiology of 18 microbial species associated with various states of periodontal health and disease, in a sample of 148 Chinese subjects never exposed to systematic dental therapeutic intervention, aged 30 to 39 and 50 to 59 years. Our aims were to: 1) describe the prevalence of these microorganisms; 2) correlate the microbiological and clinical profiles of the subjects; and 3) examine the association between the microbiological variables and the longitudinal changes of periodontal status that occurred over a preceding 10-year period. A maximum of 14 subgingival samples were obtained from each subject-1,864 in all. The frequency of occurrence of the 18 species examined was high in this Chinese population, on both the subject and the tooth site level. However, all species were not found equally capable of reaching high numbers in the subgingival samples and, as a rule, colonized heavily only limited proportions of tooth sites within each mouth. There was a profound increase of certain species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides forsythus in deep pockets or progressing sites. Multivariate techniques using the subgingival profile could effectively discriminate between deep/shallow pockets and progressing/ stable tooth sites. The microbiological variables showed an enhanced discriminating potential when classifications were performed on the individual subject level. Colonization by P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and T. denticola at levels exceeding certain thresholds entailed a significantly increased probability (odds ratios > 4) for an individual subject to harbor deep pockets or progressing tooth sites.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

CPITN and the epidemiology of periodontal disease.

This paper discusses the purposes of collecting epidemiological data on periodontal disease, and concludes that the severe shortcomings of the CPITN makes it unsuited as a tool for assessing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease.

Dental Research↗

PubMed1996

Profiles of destructive periodontal disease in different populations.

In this study we evaluated the traditional view that the severity of periodontal disease varies between populations in that African and Asian populations are more severely affected than other populations. Our data on periodontal destruction in two random samples of a Kenyan and a Chinese adult population were recalculated to conform with the methods of examination and data presentation utilized in each of 6 other studies of attachment loss levels in different populations. The adult Kenyan and the adult Chinese group, who had very poor oral hygiene conditions and massive gingival inflammation, had attachment loss levels which were quite similar to those in a Japanese population (31), in a Norwegian population (27) and in a New Mexico group of adults (30). Attachment losses were similar in a population of young US adults (26) aged between 35 and 60 years relative to the corresponding Kenyan and Chinese groups while young US citizens had higher and elderly US citizens had lower mean attachment levels than either Kenyans and Chinese. Higher attachment loss levels beyond the age of 27 years were reported for a population of Sri Lankan Tamil tea workers (27) and across all ages in two South Pacific island populations (29). Overall, the analysis indicates that the periodontal attachment loss profiles may differ between populations, but that these differences do not conform with the traditional generalization that African and Asian populations suffer more severe periodontal breakdown than other populations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Reproducibility of attachment level recordings using an electronic and a conventional probe.

This study describes the variations in the reproducibility of attachment level recordings for different subjects at different examinations. Twenty patients with different degrees of periodontal disease were recruited and examined bi-monthly for their attachment levels using an electronic probe in two quadrants and a conventional probe in the other two quadrants. At each of the 7 examinations attachment level recordings were repeated with the appropriate probe after approximately 30 minutes. Results demonstrate that the reproducibility of attachment level recordings was slightly better for the conventional probe than for the electronic probe. Attachment level recording reproducibility varied considerably between subjects and between examinations for the same subject. Aggregation of attachment level recordings in the form of mean tooth values or mean individual values reduced the range of the differences, but considerable between-subject and between-examination variation was still seen. These results indicate that no single uniformly valid estimate of attachment level reproducibility exists which can be used to set diagnostic thresholds such that a minimum number of incorrect diagnoses are made.

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed1996

3-year clinical evaluation of modified Gluma adhesive systems in cervical abrasion/erosion lesions.

PURPOSE: To study the clinical performance of two candidates for improvement of the original Gluma bonding system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight teeth with cervical buccal abrasion/erosion lesions were identified in 40 patients. The lesions were conditioned with an oxalic acid solution followed by either a HEMA-glutaraldehyde bonding agent or a formamide-containing bonding agent. The lesions were restored with a hybrid composite. Each patient received the same number of restorations with the two different bonding formulations. All restorations were made by the same operator (JK). Evaluations were based on the USPHS system. RESULTS: No difference between the two groups as to retention, marginal adaptation and discoloration was observed after 3 years. Eight restorations were lost and a slight increase in marginal discoloration was seen during the observation period.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Relationship between CPITN and periodontal attachment loss findings in an adult population.

This study investigates the relationship between CPITN findings and the prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss in a rural Kenyan population comprising 1131 persons aged 15-65 years. All persons were examined for calculus, gingival bleeding, pocket depths and attachment loss levels on 4 sites of each tooth present. Recordings of bleeding, calculus and pocket depths were used to compute CPITN scores based on the 10 index teeth originally proposed, and these CPITN scores were subsequently related to the attachment loss findings derived from the full-mouth assessment. In most cases, persons with a CPITN score < or = 1 did not have attachment loss > or = 4 mm. However, among 40+ year-old persons with CPITN score 2 over 90% had attachment loss > or = 4 mm and over 50% of the 50+ year-olds with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss > or = 6 mm. Less than 20% of the 15-29 year-olds with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss > or = 6 mm, and usually the attachment loss levels ranged between 0 and 3 mm. Beyond the age of 35 years over 10% of the sextants with CPITN score 0 had attachment loss > or = 4 mm. Below the age of 35 years more than one third of all sextants with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss levels < or = 3 mm. Thus, the CPITN findings overestimate both prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss among the younger age groups and underestimate these parameters among elderly subject.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Periodontopathogens in elderly Chinese with different periodontal disease experience.

If an etiological relationship exists between destructive periodontal disease and putative periodontopathogens, they would be expected to have a very low prevalence in periodontally healthy elderly persons. To test this hypothesis, 2 subgroups of elderly, rural Chinese (a periodontally "best" and a "worst" group, each comprising 15 persons) were identified in 1990 from a cohort aged 55-69 years, examined in 1984. Assessment of changes in periodontal status over the 6-year period were possible by comparing detailed clinical recordings performed by the same examinator. Subgingival microbial samples were taken at the mesial aspects of an upper central incisor and a lower canine and examined for the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia group, Prevotella melaninogenica group, Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Campylobacter rectus as well as predominant Streptococcus and Actinomyces species. During the 6 years prior to microbiological sampling, persons in the "best" group had lost an average of 1.21 +/- 0.48 mm attachment, while persons in the "worst" group had lost an average of 1.60 +/- 0.94 mm. The latter group had lost 53.3 teeth, predominantly for periodontal reasons, in contrast to 1.8 teeth lost in the "best" group. "Best" persons did not differ from "worst" persons with respect to the occurrence of the putative periopathogens, total viable count, and total streptococcal and Actinomyces recovery. Similarly, sites which had experienced an attachment loss > or = 2 mm during the 6-year period did not differ microbiologically from sites with less attachment loss. It is concluded that subgingival microbial characterization does not allow for a distinction between elderly individuals with markedly different periodontal disease experiences.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1994

Approximal plaque pH following topical applications of standard buffers in vivo.

In this study, the null hypothesis was tested that topical application of standard buffer solutions, pH 7.00 and pH 4.01, to 4-day-old plaque deposits accumulated in situ causes the plaque to attain the pH values of the buffer solutions applied. Following a 4-day abstention from all oral hygiene procedures, the plaque pH of four interdental sites in each of 5 volunteers was measured at resting state and following topical applications of buffers pH 7 and pH 4. Later the same day plaque pH was measured following rinses with the buffers. Topical application of buffer pH 7 caused a plaque pH increased from a mean value of 6.40 to 6.59 within 30 s, while buffer pH 4 caused plaque pH to drop to a mean value of 5.11. Rinsing with buffers caused plaque pH to increase to 6.50 (buffer pH 7) and to drop to 4.92 (buffer pH 4). Statistical analysis of the results led to rejection of the null hypothesis. The results thus indicated that the validity of the in situ approach of calibration of plaque-covered indwelling electrodes may be questioned.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1994

Dental tissue effects of fluoride.

It is now well-established that a linear relationship exists between fluoride dose and enamel fluorosis in human populations. With increasing severity, the subsurface enamel all along the tooth becomes increasingly porous (hypomineralized), and the lesion extends toward the inner enamel. In dentin, hypomineralization results in an enhancement of the incremental lines. After eruption, the more severe forms are subject to extensive mechanical breakdown of the surface. The continuum of fluoride-induced changes can best be classified by the TF index, which reflects, on an ordinal scale, the histopathological features and increases in enamel fluoride concentrations. Human and animal studies have shown that it is possible to develop dental fluorosis by exposure during enamel maturation alone. It is less apparent whether an effect of fluoride on the stage of enamel matrix secretion, alone, is able to produce changes in enamel similar to those described as dental fluorosis in man. The clinical concept of post-eruptive maturation of erupting sound human enamel, resulting in fluoride uptake, most likely reflects subclinical caries. Incorporation of fluoride into enamel is principally possible only as a result of concomitant enamel dissolution (caries lesion development). At higher fluoride concentrations, calcium-fluoride-like material may form, although the formation, identification, and dissolution of this compound are far from resolved. It is concluded that dental fluorosis is a sensitive way of recording past fluoride exposure because, so far, no other agent or condition in man is known to create changes within the dentition similar to those induced by fluoride. Since the predominant cariostatic effect of fluoride is not due to its uptake by the enamel during tooth development, it is possible to obtain extensive caries reductions without a concomitant risk of dental fluorosis.

Amelogenesis↗

PubMed1994

Caries prevalence in Africa and the People's Republic of China.

Problems arise when attempting to compare caries data collected in both Africa and the People's Republic of China. These difficulties are not only the result of differences in the criteria used for the diagnosis of caries but are also due to the diversity of cultural and social conditions existing within each of the geographical areas. However, interpreted with caution, the data seem to suggest that caries experience among children is still fairly stable and at a low level, in contrast to the predictions of a decade ago. When comparing data from adult and elderly cohorts, however, caries is seen to be a widespread disease with continuing slow progression throughout life.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguis during experimental gingivitis in young adults.

Twenty-eight young, healthy adults completed an experimental gingivitis study in which blood and clinical recordings were obtained at baseline; after a 4-week period of thorough oral hygiene; after a subsequent 3-week period of plaque accumulation; and after another 2 weeks of thorough oral hygiene. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies against whole cells of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguis were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean serum immunoglobulin G antibody levels to P. intermedia, F. nucleatum and S. sanguis remained essentially constant during the experiment, whereas the immunoglobulin G antibodies to P. gingivalis declined during the initial period of oral hygiene and the subsequent period of plaque accumulation to an average of 84.5% of the baseline value. This reduction could be attributed to the people who developed marked gingival inflammation during the period of plaque accumulation, indicating that the systemic host response may be associated with local tissue responses to variations in oral hygiene. These people were, however, also characterized by higher initial serum immunoglobulin G responses to P. gingivalis than people who developed less pronounced gingival inflammation during the experiment. The variability and individuality noted in the host response to potential pathogens have important implications for attempts to use such measures for establishing a diagnosis or prognosis for the individual patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Validity of CPITN's assumptions of hierarchical occurrence of periodontal conditions in a Kenyan population aged 15-65 years.

In order to study the validity of the hierarchical principle of the CPITN we used data originating in a cross-sectional study of periodontal disease in a random sample comprising 1131 Kenyans aged 15-65 yr to determine, for each tooth present in each individual, the absence or presence of gingival bleeding, of dental calculus, of a pocket of 4-5 mm or a pocket of 6+ mm, such that each tooth had a separate recording for bleeding, calculus, pocket 4-5 mm and pocket 6+ mm. According to the hierarchical principle of CPITN a tooth with pockets as the most severe finding is assumed positive also for calculus and bleeding, and a tooth with calculus as the most severe finding is assumed positive also for bleeding. Our analysis showed that calculus as the most severe finding of a tooth overestimates the occurrence of bleeding by up to 18%, depending on age of the individuals and the set of teeth examined. Pockets as the most severe finding in a tooth overestimates the occurrence of bleeding by up to 13%, and overestimates calculus by up to 54%, most pronounced in the younger age groups. The effect of these overestimations on prevalence and severity estimates was the most pronounced for the severity measures, particularly regarding the severity of bleeding, whereas prevalence estimates remained relatively unaffected. Undoubtedly, this result should be seen in the light of a very high prevalence and severity of both bleeding and calculus in this population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Influence of CPITN partial recordings on estimates of prevalence and severity of various periodontal conditions in adults.

This study compares the results of a full mouth examination with the results of examining only the CPITN selection of 10 index teeth 17/16, 11, 26/27, 47/46, 31 and 36/37 for estimates of prevalence and severity of the conditions assessed with the CPITN, i.e. gingival bleeding, dental calculus, pockets 4-5 mm deep and pockets 6+ mm deep. The mean number of sextants recorded with bleeding or with calculus was generally overestimated when examinations were based on the CPITN selection of index teeth, whereas the mean number of sextants with pockets, whether moderate or deep, were generally underestimated. Similarly, the prevalence of pockets, whether moderate or deep, was underestimated in virtually all age groups while the prevalence of calculus was overestimated in all age groups and the prevalence of bleeding was overestimated among persons below 30 yr of age. We conclude that the partial recording approach of the CPITN methodology is reasonably well suited for identifying persons who are relatively healthy according to the hierarchy of the CPITN parameters. There is, however, a considerable risk that persons presenting with the more severe conditions, i.e. pockets, will be overlooked if only partial recordings are performed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Accuracy and precision in vitro of Beetrode microelectrodes used for intraoral pH measurements.

The accuracy and precision of 12 different microelectrodes were assessed through a series of pH recordings of buffer solutions with known pH values. Some electrodes were quite accurate, yielding an average deviation of recordings from true values of about 0.05 pH units, while other electrodes yielded average deviations of up to 0.20 pH units. The precision of the electrodes also varied between electrodes. While all recordings were within 0.15 pH units from the true values for some electrodes, other electrodes showed a marked dispersion with less than 25% of the recordings being within 0.15 pH units from true values. For some electrodes accuracy depended on true pH values, while no such dependency was noted with respect to the precision of the electrodes tested. Both accuracy and precision may be impaired when pH recordings are made on solutions with pH values outside the pH range encompassed by the calibration buffers. Our results demonstrate that the accuracy and precision of these microelectrodes cannot be considered fixed and known parameters. Electrodes should therefore be checked prior to clinical use, and electrodes with low accuracy and precision should be excluded from further use.

Buffers↗

PubMed1993

Root caries in Scandinavia in the 1980's and future trends to be expected in dental caries experience in adults.

The large variety of diagnostic criteria used adds some uncertainty to comparisons of recent clinical and epidemiological data on root caries in Scandinavia. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the prevalence of frank carious cavities on the root among 60(+)-year-olds is about 30-40%. When inactive and recurrent lesions and fillings are included, the prevalence is almost 100% in 60(+)-year-olds. At this age, the mean number of root surface fillings is about 7, and the mean number of active caries lesions ranges from 0.9 to 3.4. The degree of gingival recession does not appear to be a direct measure of root caries risk in a population. When the number of teeth at risk is accounted for, the age-dependent increase in prevalence of root caries is very weak. Therefore, comparisons of root caries prevalence between populations are meaningful only when information on number of teeth present and teeth at risk is also available. Recent studies from various parts of the world have demonstrated that caries is ubiquitous in all populations and that caries progression continues throughout life. The impact of this on trends in prevalence and incidence of dental caries in adults is discussed in the light of what is known about the natural history of dental caries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Six-year progression of destructive periodontal disease in 2 subgroups of elderly Chinese.

Two groups of elderly chinese were selected from a large epidemiological sample on the basis of a low ("best" group) or a high ("worst" group) number of sites with attachment loss levels > or = 6 mm and/or pocket depth > or = 4 mm and at least 16 teeth present. Six years later the patients were clinically reexamined and the subgingival microflora was assessed. This paper presents the clinical characteristics of destructive periodontal disease progression among the two subgroups. The "best" group lost an average of 1.8 teeth, contrasting the average loss of 5.3 teeth among the "worst" group. Virtually all teeth lost among the "worst" group had a baseline attachment loss level > or = 4 mm, in contrast to 48% among the "best" group. While dental caries could be identified as a cause of tooth loss in both groups, the excess tooth loss among the "worst" group seems attributable to periodontal destruction. The average of 1.21 mm attachment/site lost among the "best" group was not statistically significantly different from the 1.36 mm/site lost among the "worst" group during the 6 years. Individual mean losses of attachment ranged from a gain of 0.03 mm to a loss of 3.19 mm. An attachment loss > or = 2 mm at a site was highly positively associated with a high initial attachment loss level (> or = 4 mm) at that site among the "best" group, whereas a highly negative association was seen among the "worst" group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗