Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V Bauer.
The clinicopathologic features of two rare cases of nodular fasciitis presenting as parotid tumor are described, and the literature is reviewed. In 1% of the nodular fasciitis cases, the lesion presents as a parotid mass. Pathologists and otolaryngologists should include nodular fasciitis in the differential diagnosis of parotid mesenchymal tumors so that misdiagnoses and the resulting unnecessary surgeries may be avoided.
Cataract--opacification of the lens--is closely related to diabetes as one of its major late complications. This review deals with three molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the development of diabetic cataract: nonenzymatic glycation of eye lens proteins, oxidative stress, and activated polyol pathway in glucose disposition. Implications resulting from these mechanisms for possible pharmacological interventions to prevent diabetic cataract are discussed. The article reviews research on potential anticataract agents, including glycation inhibitors, antioxidants, and aldose reductase inhibitors. Information on possible benefits of putative anticataract agents comes from a variety of approaches, ranging from laboratory experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, to epidemiological studies in patients.
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The effect of stobadine on respiratory smooth muscles, blood pressure, heart rate and gastric acid secretion was studied and compared with the action of other antihistamines in vivo. Stobadine, as diphenhydramine, dithiadene and promethazine, but in contrast to cimetidine and ranitidine, prevented histamine from producing bronchospasm both after i.v. and oral administration. Based on the potency of its pharmacological action, diphenhydramine had a lower bioavailability after oral administration than the other antihistamines. Both cimetidine and ranitidine reduced the gastric acid secretion while stobadine was ineffective in this respect. None of the drugs studied antagonized histamine in reducing blood pressure, but all of them, with exception of promethazine and diphenhydramine, reduced mean arterial blood pressure. The results suggest that the action of stobadine on the respiratory and vascular smooth muscle effects is intermediate between that of diphenhydramine and dithiadene. In view of the minimal effect of stobadine on gastric acid secretion and its marked activity on airways, it is concluded that this drug predominantly acts on H1-receptors.
The antiulcer, gastroprotective, and antisecretory effects of selected carbanilates were tested in rats. The compounds K-1905 and K-2002 were found to have beneficial effects similar to those of pentacaine in phenylbutazone- and ethanol-induced gastric injury and in cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions; their antisecretory activity was also comparable to pentacaine in pylorus-ligated rats. Compounds P2 and P3 were generally less effective than pentacaine, and compound P1 was gastrotoxic. Thus pentyloxy-substitution on the benzene ring of the parent structure (K-1905 and K-2002) is more suitable for antiulcer and gastroprotective activity than methoxy-substitution on the meta-position (P3) or alkyloxy-substitution on the para-position (P2, P1). The results indicate that the two carbanilates K-1905 and K-2002 can be considered prospective antiulcer drugs.
Species differences in behavior and responses of guinea pig (GPT) and rat (RT) tracheal smooth muscle to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and chemicals were investigated under semi-isometric conditions. Indomethacin augmented and papaverine reduced the contractions elicited by EFS in both tissues. They relaxed the GPT and did not affect the tone decline in the RT. Experiments with different load, cartilage content, thread and rubber strips suggest the role of elastic elements in passive elongation of the RT. This was independent of muscarinic, adrenergic, histaminergic and serotoninergic receptors, nitric oxide, eicosanoids and metabolic processes. The second response on repeated administration of acetylcholine was augmented and that of serotonin attenuated in both GPT and RT. Upon repeated elevation of [K+]o the tissues responded in an opposite manner. Further data are provided on similarities (modulation of cholinergic transmission by prostaglandins, sensitization to acetylcholine and desensitization to serotonin) and differences (innervation, responses to repeated elevation of [K+]o, presence/absence of prostaglandin-regulated basal tone and spontaneous activity) in reactivity of GPT and RT.