PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V Bianchi

Publications and source records attributed to V Bianchi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cytotoxic, mutagenic and clastogenic effects of industrial chromium compounds.

Ten Cr(III) compounds, used in the leather tanning industry, and a Cr(III) compound, containing chromite and used as a pigment, were tested for cytotoxicity (inhibition of growth and survival of cultured hamster cells), mutagenicity (point mutations in S. typhimurium) and clastogenic activity (chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in hamster cells). Reference Cr compounds were potassium dichromate as Cr(VI), and chromium chloride and two different preparations of chromium nitrate as Cr(III). A contamination with Cr(VI) was detected in some of the Cr(III) tannins, chromite and one chromium nitrate. Cr(III) compounds were cytotoxic at concentrations of Cr(III) 100-500 times higher than Cr(VI), but contaminated Cr(III) compounds showed a significant cytotoxicity. Reference Cr(VI) but not Cr(III) was mutagenic: of the contaminated compounds only chromite and chromium nitrate, which contained higher levels of Cr(VI), were found to be mutagenic. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was significantly increased only by Cr(VI) and the more contaminated Cr(III) compounds. However, an increase of chromosomal aberrations was produced also by reference Cr(III) salts and the weakly contaminated industrial Cr(III) compounds. These results confirm the view that the active mutagenic agent in intact cell systems is Cr(VI), but indicate that industrial Cr(III) compounds cannot be considered genetically inert, as they can be contaminated by Cr(VI) and induce chromosomal aberrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) in electroplating factories.

Chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes obtained from workers occupationally exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) were detected. Four separate groups of workers were examined, two of which were engaged in plating factories employing nickel in addition to chromium, and two coming from plating factories where only chromium was used. In the latter groups the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were also detected in the cultured lymphocytes. A statistically significant increase of chromosomal aberrations, mostly of the chromosome-type, was found in two of the exposed groups of workers compared to the level observed in control donors. The frequency of SCEs in the exposed groups was higher than in controls, particularly in the factor which employed the younger workers. Besides the negative correlation with the age of workers, a positive correlation between the frequency of SCEs and the level of urinary chromium was found and such a correlation was strongly enchanced by smoking. The present data support the view that CrO3, like other soluble hexavalent chromium compounds, is genetically active in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Indoprofen in rheumatic patients with acute episodes: a multicentre trial.

The results are reported of an open multicentre trial in 228 rheumatic patients with flare-ups. Fourteen centres adopting the same investigational protocol collaborated in the study. Indoprofen was administered for 1 week at a daily dosage of 1000 mg according to a treatment schedule used with success in acute gouty arthritis: a 400 mg i.v. bolus was followed by 200 mg (1 tablet) t.i.d. Subjective (pain) and objective variables were used for reliable assessment of activity. Marked reduction of pain intensity was already noticeable on day 1 of treatment and was followed by progressive improvement in subjective and objective variables for all the diagnoses considered. According to the patients' own overall assessments, results were good or very good in more than 50% of cases. The best outcomes were obtained in low back pain, acute gout and psoriatic arthritis. At the end of treatment only 7.4% of patients experienced no change or deterioration of symptoms. Adverse reactions, consisting mostly of mild and reversible gastrointestinal disturbances, were reported by 9.2% of patients, but only in 1.8% was treatment discontinued. Indoprofen administered according to the above schedule is an appropriate treatment for acute episodes of rheumatic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Status and significance of testing for hepatitis B surface antigen and surface antibody.

Following Blumberg's discovery of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), many attempts have been made to develop several in vitro diagnostic techniques for the detection of this antigen and its homologous antibody. The two-dimensional micro-Ouchterlony immunodiffusion has been the first technique used, rapidly replaced by procedures of increasing sensitivity characterized as second-generation and the currently available third-phase tests which include radioimmunoassay (RIA), reverse passive haemagglutination (RPHA), reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Among these, RIA appears to be the most sensitive and specific, whereas EIA, RPHA and RPLA have the advantage of long shelf-life of stable reagents, no need for sophisticated and expensive equipment and no hazard associated with the handling of radioactive isotopes. Moreover, the sensitivity of EIA should increase by objective reading with a colorimeter. The most sensitive method for the detection of surface antibody (anti-HBs) is again RIA, whereas passive haemagglutination (PHA) had the advantage of providing titres. Finally EIA, based on inhibition of a known amount of HBsAg, has at least the same sensitivity as PHA, but has the advantage that reagents are more stable and that it permits screening for both HBsAg and anti-HBs with the same reagents at the same time. The application of these highly sensitive techniques for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs has resulted in a consistent reduction in the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis type B and in a better understanding of the aetiology, epidemiology and natural history of this infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Mechanisms of chromium toxicity in mammalian cell cultures.

Our observations about the cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium compounds in mammalian cells cultured in vitro are reviewed. Additional data concerning the induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges, the inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, the interference with nucleotide metabolism, and the modification of membrane-linked enzyme activity are reported. A possible mechanism of chromium action is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Dietetic considerations of the peptic ulcer treatment (author's transl)].

Stated that the alimentary inconguities, the improper mastication and the quickly eaten of foods are to avoid for the direct irritant effect on the stomach, the authors have examinate the various dietetic treatments, imploied for peptic ulcer and they conclude that only during the acute clinical phase more restrictive regimens are necessary. When the patient in on way of recovery, the alimentation must be free in agreement to the tolerance and personal taste using more variety of food. Moreover it's necessary to remember that the patient is not an "ulcer", but "his ulcer" be treated with the psycho-pathological implication correlated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Effects of clofibrate on rabbit kidneys].

The Authors have investigated the effect on the kidney of experimental administration of 250 mg of clofibrate in rabbits. After 36 days of treatment the animals are sacrificed and histological and ultrastructural examination are made. The seriographies an alteration of the glomerular membrane and a mild fragmentation of endothelial lamina. Swelling of the proximal tubular cell is also revealed. It is concluded that this early injury of the nephron is reversible and more severe manifestation in man can occur. This drug must be strongly avoided.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The primary empty sella syndrome. A case report study (author's transl)].

The empty sella results from an extension of the subarachnoid space into an intrasellar position with subsequent remodeling of the sella turcica and the flattening of the pituitary gland. The sella turcica is usually enlarged causing the greatest diagnostic difficulty to distinguish it from a pituitary tumor. The most patients with this syndrome usually have normal pituitary function, while about 30% have varying degrees of hypopituitarism. The Authors describe a case report of a man with primary empty sella syndrome come to the medical observation for obesity and hyperglyccemia. The endocrine evaluation performed (TRH test, GN-RH test, T3, T4, FT3, FT4, Arginine test, metyrapone test) were normal. OGTT shows a maturity onset diabetes (glycemia = 160 mg%). This rare clinical association is not well understood. Probably this diabetes is to the interruption of the normal hypothalamo-pituitary neurovascular connection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The clofibrate-dipyridamole combination in the treatment of athero-arteriosclerotic vasculopathy].

A group of patients with athero-arteriosclerotic vascular disease (coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis of the extremities) have been subjected to platelet antiaggregating-antidyslipidaemic treatment with a chlofibrate-dipyridamol association; a control series was treated with chlofibrate alone. Frequency of angina pectoris, pain intensity and trinitrine consumption ware evaluated in patients with coronary heart disease, claudicometry, oscillometry and thermometry in patients with atherosclerosis of the extremities. The following laboratory parameters were also analysed: cholesterolaemia, triglyceridaemia, prothrombin activity, fibrinogenaemia, uricaemia and tolerance of oral glucose loading. Analysis of the results has shown that the association improved the parameters considered in statistically significant fashion; chlofibrate alone led to significant modifications of coronaropathic group parameters (with the exception of pain intensity) whereas it did not lead to significant changes in parameters evaluated for atherosclerosis of the extremities. All laboratory parameters were modified favourably by the association to a statistically greater extent than by chlofibrate alone. Both the association and chlofibrate were well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Differential cytotoxic activity of potassium dichromate on nucleoside uptake in BHK fibroblasts.

In cultures of hamster fibroblasts (BHK cell line) treated with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) nucleic acid and protein syntheses are differentially inhibited, and nucleoside uptake into the intracellular pool is characterized by a stimulation phase followed by an inhibition phase. Different patterns are observed for the uptake of each ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside, pyrimidine nucleoside (particularly deoxycytidine) uptake reaching the highest stimulation level. Kinetics of thymidine and deoxycytidine initial uptake at different exogenous nucleoside concentrations show that K2Cr2O7 affects both simple and facilitated diffusion of nucleosides. The time course of thymidine and deoxycytidine pool saturation suggests however that the effects of K2Cr2O7 on plasma membrane permeability are partially counterbalanced by modifications of pool size deriving from the concomitant alteration of steps of nucleoside metabolism separate from nucleoside uptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Biochemicals and ultrastructural aspects of cardiac microcirculation after experimental treatment of SAM (author's transl)].

The Authors in an experimental model have studied the SAM'S pharmacodynamic process. Various group fo rabbit treated for a pathophysiological screening have been monitored. After discussion of data they conclude that the absence of injury of SAM is revealed by ultramicroscopic screening of morphometabolic areas. A pathologic deviation of biochemical data is also demonstrated.

Animals↗