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Career Choice↗
Biomedical subjects
V Boyce
Publications and source records attributed to V Boyce.
Appendicitis complicating pregnancy.
Abdominal pain is a common symptom in pregnancy. Its etiology is diverse and diagnosis often poses a problem. Inflammatory disorders of extra-uterine origin such as appendicitis should always be considered as a possible cause. Three cases of appendicitis complicating pregnancy managed at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados during the year 1993 are documented. Two presented in the antenatal period and the third postpartum. The clinical manifestations and the difficulties encountered in diagnosis are emphasised.
Adult↗
Food intake measured by an automated food-selection system: relationship to energy expenditure.
Measuring food intake in a laboratory usually involves limited food choices. An automated food-selection system with two vending machines containing a large variety of foods was used to measure food intake in 10 male volunteers (31 +/- 6 y, 69.2 +/- 7.1 kg, 18 +/- 7% fat, mean +/- SD) on a metabolic ward. The effect of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes on 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) and substrate oxidations was measured in a respiratory chamber during day 4 of weight maintenance and day 7 of ad libitum intake. Ad libitum intake resulted in a 7-d overfeeding of 6468 +/- 3824 kJ/d above weight-maintenance requirements, leading to a 2.3 +/- 1.2-kg gain. The 10,975 +/- 3774 kJ excess energy intake on day 7 of ad libitum intake caused a 1205 +/- 920 kJ/d increase in 24EE (delta 24EE = 0.17 x delta intake - 695; r = 0.71, P less than 0.02). Of the excess carbohydrate intake, 74% was oxidized (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001), whereas excess fat intake was not. Carbohydrate and protein stores are regulated whereas excess fat intake is channeled to fat stores.
Adult↗
Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body-weight gain.
The contribution of reduced energy expenditure to the development of obesity has been a point of controversy. We measured 24-hour energy expenditure (adjusted for body composition, age, and sex), in a respiratory chamber, in 95 southwestern American Indians. Energy expenditure correlated with the rate of change in body weight over a two-year follow-up period (r = -0.39, P less than 0.001). The estimated risk of gaining more than 7.5 kg in body weight was increased fourfold in persons with a low adjusted 24-hour energy expenditure (200 kcal per day below predicted values) as compared with persons with a high 24-hour energy expenditure (200 kcal per day above predicted values; P less than 0.01). In another 126 subjects, the adjusted metabolic rate at rest at the initial visit was also found to predict the gain in body weight over a four-year follow-up period. When the 15 subjects who gained more than 10 kg were compared with the remaining 111 subjects, the initial mean (+/- SD) adjusted metabolic rate at rest was lower in those who gained weight (1694 +/- 103 vs. 1764 +/- 109 kcal per day; P less than 0.02) and increased to 1813 +/- 134 kcal per day (P less than 0.01) after a mean weight gain of 15.7 +/- 5.7 kg. In a group of 94 siblings from 36 families, values for adjusted 24-hour energy expenditure aggregated in families (intraclass correlation = 0.48). We conclude that a low rate of energy expenditure may contribute to the aggregation of obesity in families.
Adolescent↗