Fracture of the carpal scaphoid: frequency and distribution in a well-defined population.
The incidence, location, and type of scaphoid fractures found in a well-defined population is described. Fractures of the carpal scaphoid (n = 442) were identified during an eight-year period, of which 19 (5%) were nonunions. At the initial radiographic examination the fractures were visible on PA views in 70% of the cases (true lateral 10%, scaphoid view neutral 77%, scaphoid view ulnar deviated 73%, and scaphoid view with the X-ray tube tilted 30 degrees distally 71%). Among inhabitants living in the Odense Municipality (population at risk 170648 in 1983 to 174948 in 1989) 222 males and 51 females (age range 9-87 year) sustaining scaphoid fractures during a seven-year were period used for computation of incidences. During the survey, there was an average annual incidence of scaphoid fracture of 8 per 100000 females, and 38 per 100000 males. All patients (except a 9-year-old male) were aged 10 years or over. In the age-group 10-14 years there was an average annual incidence of 3 per 100000 females, and 39 per 100000 males. Average annual incidence per 100000 inhabitants of carpal scaphoid fractures according to the location was proximal 6, middle 15, and distal (fractures of the tuberosity included) 2. Average annual incidence per 100000 inhabitants of carpal scaphoid fractures according to type was transverse 7, horizontal oblique 9, vertical oblique 1, avulsion/fracture of the tuberosity 5, and not stated 1.