PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V Capek

Publications and source records attributed to V Capek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Choroidal hematoma and effusion: evaluation with MR imaging.

To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) imagining in the evaluation of choroidal pathologic conditions, the authors studied 15 patients with either choroidal hematoma or choroidal effusion with a 1.5-T MR imager. These two lesions were reliably distinguished from each other on the basis of MR findings. Choroidal hematomas appeared as lenticular-shaped masses in the wall of the eyeball, and signal intensity depended on the age of the hematoma. Choroidal effusions appeared as crescentic or ring-shaped areas of increased signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images in an anatomic distribution corresponding to the choroidal and suprachoroidal spaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Direct sagittal CT in the evaluation of temporal bone disease.

The human temporal bone is an extremely complex structure. Direct axial and coronal CT sections are quite satisfactory for imaging the anatomy of the temporal bone; however, many relationships of the normal and pathologic anatomic detail of the temporal bone are better seen with direct sagittal CT sections. The sagittal projection is of interest to surgeons, as it has the advantage of following the plane of surgical approach. This article describes the advantages of using direct sagittal sections for studying various diseases of the temporal bone. The CT sections were obtained with the aid of a new head holder added to our GE CT 9800 scanner. The direct sagittal projection was found to be extremely useful for evaluating diseases involving the vertical segment of the facial nerve canal, vestibular aqueduct, tegmen tympani, sigmoid sinus plate, sinodural angle, carotid canal, jugular fossa, external auditory canal, middle ear cavity, infra- and supralabyrinthine air cells, and temporomandibular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Chronic otomastoiditis: a conceptual understanding of CT findings.

Inflammation of the middle ear cleft is a disease of great interest from both clinical and radiologic points of view. The attic floor (tympanic diaphragm), the tympanic isthmus, and the aditus ad antrum play important roles in inflammatory processes of the middle ear cleft. The anatomy of the temporal bone at this level was examined by studying microdissections of 250 fresh temporal bones and reviewing over 1,000 high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bones. The pertinent anatomy is described, and the role of the tympanic diaphragm and isthmus in determining the degree to which middle ear disease may progress is stressed. The appearances on CT scans of chronic otomastoiditis, tympanosclerosis, cholesterol granuloma, attic retraction pocket, and acquired cholesteatoma are reviewed and illustrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Malignant uveal melanoma and simulating lesions: MR imaging evaluation.

Twenty-one patients with intraocular disease were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). In 13 cases, malignant uveal melanoma was considered the likely diagnosis. Both imaging methods were accurate in determining the location and size of uveal melanomas. MR imaging was superior for the assessment of possible associated retinal detachment, for assessment of vitreous change, and for differentiating uveal melanoma from choroidal hemangioma and choroidal detachment. A case of retinal gliosis could not be differentiated from uveal melanoma by either technique. Uveal melanomas appeared as hyperintense lesions on T1-weighted images and as hypointense lesions on T2-weighted images. High signal intensity of the vitreous was observed in patients with vitritis and in those who were thought to have protein leaking into the vitreous as a result of impairment of the retinal-blood barrier.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Regional cerebral blood flow assessment prior to balloon detachment in the treatment of intracranial giant aneurysms.

Three patients with giant aneurysms (2 internal carotid and 1 anterior communicating) were treated by internal carotid occlusion with a detachable balloon. 133Xe regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was performed on each patient on admission. Due to low CBF, one patient received a superficial temporal artery--middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass. The rCBF was repeated when the balloon was inflated in the internal carotid prior to detachment of the balloon. All three patients were discharged within one week with no neurologic deficit. The rCBF assessment appears useful to decide which patient will tolerate acute balloon occlusion of the internal carotid and to help select patients who will need an extra-cranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass to avoid ischemic complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Use of CT in the evaluation of cochlear otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis (otospongiosis) occurs when the hard endochondral bone of the otic capsule is replaced by spongy vascular foci of haversian bone. Using computed tomography (CT), we studied the ears of 32 selected patients with mixed or sensorineural hearing loss (one patient had normal hearing); 24 were suspected of having otosclerosis. CT proved valuable in detecting cochlear otosclerosis, foci of demineralization, and changes in bony texture and enables the easy recognition of subtle radiographic findings. Our paper also reports the CT findings of temporal bones in osteogenesis imperfecta and Paget disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cartilage involvement in laryngeal carcinoma: correlation of CT and pathologic macrosection studies.

Fifteen patients with laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma underwent CT of the larynx prior to surgery. Whole mount sections of the extirpated larynx cut in the horizontal plane were compared with the corresponding level of the preoperative CT sections. This study in particular was designed to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing cartilage involvement by CT and to correlate CT findings with histologic involvement. Our results indicate that CT correlates well with anatomic location of gross cartilage involvement by the tumor; however, small macroscopic invasion of the laryngeal cartilages may be difficult to diagnose with CT. Microscopic involvement of the cartilages cannot be diagnosed with CT. Decisions regarding conservation surgery cannot be based on CT evaluation alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss.

The ears of 47 selected patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss were examined with complex-motion tomography. The patients were divided into 3 general categories: those with a recognized syndrome, those with sensorineural hearing loss unrelated to any known syndrome, and those with microtia. A great variety of inner ear anomalies was detected, but rarely were these characteristic of a particular clinical entity. The most common finding was the Mondini malformation or one of its variants. Isolated dysplasia of the internal auditory canal or the vestibular aqueduct may be responsible for sensorineural hearing loss in some patients. Patients with microtia may also have severe inner ear abnormalities despite the fact that the outer and inner ears develop embryologically from completely separate systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

CT in the evaluation of the vestibulocochlear nerves and their central pathways. Evaluation of neurotologic disorders.

CT has evolved to become an important technique for the diagnosis of neurotologic disorders. By obtaining thin sections, the central pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve can be rather properly evaluated with satisfactory clinical correlation when pathology exists. The validity of central vestibular and audiometric signs can be best substantiated with CT. The functional neuroanatomy of the vestibulocochlear and vestibulo-oculomotor systems is discussed. Results of the assessment of endocranial lesions involving the vestibulocochlear system are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the larynx: correlation with anatomic and pathologic studies in cases of laryngeal carcinoma.

Seven patients with known carcinoma of the larynx underwent computed tomography (CT) of the larynx prior to surgery. Whole-mount sections of the extirpated larynx cut in the horizontal plane were compared with the corresponding level of the preoperative CT sections to demonstrate the validity of CT scanning in the evaluation of tumors of the larynx. The results indicate that CT scanning accurately demonstrates the anatomic location and gross size of laryngeal tumor, although early invasion of the laryngeal cartilages may be difficult to diagnose with CT. It is concluded that preoperative CT scanning of the larynx is the radiologic procedure of choice for evaluating carcinoma of the larynx.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Work in progress: intra-arterial P-32 chromic phosphate for prevention of postoperative liver metastases in high-risk colorectal cancer patients.

Eight patients with locally extensive colorectal cancer were treated with colloidal P-32 chromic phosphate via the superior mesenteric artery following resection to prevent development of liver metastases. Less than 2% of the injected dose was found in the right atrial blood following the first pass through the liver and less than 1% in the urine. Therapy was tolerated well by all patients, with no acute complications. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine the effect of P-32 on the liver and the frequency of hepatic metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV).

The computed tomographic (CT) findings in 5 patients with proven persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) are described. PHPV arises when the embryonic hyaloid vascular system fails to regress normally. Clinically, this condition usually manifests as unilateral or bilateral leukokoria and is one of the more important and frequent conditions mimicking retinoblastoma. The spectrum of CT findings include: (a) soft-tissue replacement (infiltration) of the vitreous body; (b) retrolental soft tissue along the Cloquet canal; (c) absence of abnormal calcification within the orbit; (d) microphthalmus; (e) retrohyaloid layered blood; and (f) hypervascularity of the vitreous humor.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of intravenous and intramuscular sincalide (C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin) on gallbladder contraction in man.

The effects of intramuscular and intravenous sincalide on gallbladder contraction and visualization of the bile ducts were compared in a group of 37 subjects referred for oral cholecystography. The maximum reduction in gallbladder size observed after sincalide 400 ng/kg intramuscular, 54.7 +/- 7.2% (mean +/- SEM), occurred 25 min after injection and was significantly greater than that observed after sincalide 20 ng/kg intravenous, 26.5 +/- 8.2%. Maximum reduction after sincalide 100 ng/kg intramuscular was 47.3 +/- 8.2%. The common bile duct was visualized in 60 and 45% of subjects after intramuscular and intravenous sincalide, respectively. The use of intramuscular sincalide 400 ng/kg intramuscular is an effective and convenient adjunct to oral cholecystography when significant gallbladder contraction and visualization of the common bile duct is desired.

Adolescent↗