Biomedical subjects

V Charlot

Publications and source records attributed to V Charlot.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Cortical region of interest definition on SPECT brain images using X-ray CT registration.

We present a method for brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) analysis based on individual registration of anatomical (CT) and functional (133Xe regional cerebral blood flow) images and on the definition of three-dimensional functional regions of interest. Registration of CT and SPECT is performed through adjustment of CT-defined cortex limits to the SPECT image. Regions are defined by sectioning a cortical ribbon on the CT images, copied over the SPECT images and pooled through slices to give 3D cortical regions of interest. The proposed method shows good intra- and interobserver reproducibility (regional intraclass correlation coefficient approximately 0.98), and good accuracy in terms of repositioning (approximately 3.5 mm) as compared to the SPECT image resolution (14 mm). The method should be particularly useful for analysing SPECT studies when variations in brain anatomy (normal or abnormal) must be accounted for.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1992

Different mental imagery abilities result in different regional cerebral blood flow activation patterns during cognitive tasks.

Using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) imaging, two populations having high and low imagery abilities were compared at rest and while performing two cognitive tasks: silent verb conjugation and mental imagery. The imagery task produced an rCBF increase in the left visual association and left frontal cortices in both groups. Differences between high and low imagers were observed on global and regional flow responses to cognitive tasks: low imagers showed a whole cortex CBF increase during both tasks; high imagers showed a right dominance in the visual association cortex in all conditions, and in the parietal association cortex at rest.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Personal identity and multiple personality].

The present study analyses the internal organization of self concepts in a woman who meets the DSM III criteria of multiple personality disorder. The aim of this single case study, was to assess the personal identity of this patient, the degree of internal coherence and the hierarchical structure of the descriptions of self and others in the frame of cognitive theories of personality. After the clinical observation, the experimental procedure is presented. It consists in asking the patient to describe her different roles or alternated personalities (N = 12), as well as the target persons of her familial and social environment (N = 8) on the basis of a preestablished list of adjectives (extracted from the 16 P.F. Cattell sphere of personality). The factorial analysis of the contingency table: traits attributed x persons described shows a Guttman like hierarchical structure. Similarities and differences between the descriptions can be ordered on a unidimensional order, the multiple roles or personalities being no more complex nor simple than the target persons. The present results have been discussed in reference to cognitive theories of personality and their utility in studying personal identity and multiple personality.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Adjustment disorders: apropos of an epidemiologic survey. Epidemiology and Psychiatry Group].

An epidemiologic survey performed in France in 1990 allowed us to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of adjustment disorders (AD). AD were defined according to the DSM III-R guidelines. AD are strongly correlated to personality disorders. The study population was young (mean age: 39 years) and predominantly female (60.3%). Marriage or life with a partner, living in the country or in small towns, liberal profession and a high level of schooling are the most significant social and demographic characteristics that emerge from this study. These patients tend to have multiple medical contacts, seeing many doctors but consuming little medication (25% of them). Comorbidity with associated personality disorders (15%) and dependency behaviors (alcohol, drugs) are frequent (9.3%), although no causative link was found between these disorders. Alcoholism may have a tendency to protect against AD. There is no seasonal factor. The patients mostly see private physicians; their geographic distribution is the inverse of the distribution of alcoholism. Numerous social and demographic risk factors for AD were found. Among the personal psychiatric history, disorders of feeding behavior and early adjustment problems were prominent. The family history often shows the existence of mental disorders in the parents. The treatment history points to a lesser consummation of psychotropic drugs, mostly limited for two classes, i.e. antidepressants (50%) and tranquilizers (40.9%), although a different pattern of behaviour was found according to the clinical types of AD. The present therapeutic approach is recent and based on psychotherapy. It differs little according to the clinical forms, with the possible exception of co-prescribed medication. This study has thus allowed us to observe the epidemiologic characteristics of AD. Adjustment disorders appear to be frequent, but their particularities do not differentiate them significantly from other types of mental disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗