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V Chetboul

Publications and source records attributed to V Chetboul.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Diagnostic and prognostic value of endothelin-1 plasma concentrations in dogs with heart and respiratory disorders.

The endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma concentration was measured in dogs with spontaneous cardiac or respiratory diseases. Plasma samples were obtained from 76 healthy control dogs and 73 dogs, of which 58 were suffering from heart disease and 15 were suffering from respiratory disease. Dogs were evaluated using echocardiography, thoracic radiography, biochemical evaluation and a radioimmunoassay for ET-1. ET-1 plasma concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with spontaneous cardiac or respiratory diseases (mean [se] 5.3 [0.3] and 5.3 [0.6] pg/ml, respectively) than in healthy dogs (1.9 [0.1] pg/ml) (P<0.0001). ET-1 plasma concentrations increased with the class of heart failure (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classification) (P<0.0001) and with the severity of pulmonary disorders. ET-1 plasma concentrations were positively correlated with the extent of systolic pulmonary hypertension measured by Doppler echocardiography (P<0.05; r=0.75) and with the clinical outcome of dogs with respiratory disease. Evaluation of the ET-1 plasma concentration allowed differentiation between heart and respiratory disorders in dogs exhibiting clinical signs at exercise, but not in patients exhibiting clinical signs at rest.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of oral tadalafil, a new long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, for the short-term treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a dog.

Systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was diagnosed in a 15-year-old intact male Yorkshire terrier presented for progressive dyspnoea and coughing. Several examinations were performed (thoracic radiographs, faecal analysis, heartworm antigen test, tracheal fluoroscopy, abdominal ultrasound, complete blood cell count, urine and serum biochemistry) but the PAH remained of unknown origin. Despite medical treatment (diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), cardiovascular and respiratory signs dramatically worsened over a 1-month period, with several daily syncope, cyanosis and tachypnoea at rest requiring permanent oxygen therapy. Oral tadalafil (Cialis), a new long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, belonging to the same family as sildenafil (Viagra), was added to the background therapy. The condition of the dog improved quickly (< 24 h), and short-term follow up (7 days) showed a decrease in systolic pulmonary arterial pressure up to 26 mmHg concomitant with the disappearance of all respiratory and cardiac signs of PAH (cyanosis, syncope and tachypnoea). This case is of interest because it concerns the first reported short-term use of tadalafil in canine PAH. However, long-term studies with a large number of diseased animals are now required before prescription by general practitioners could be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Retrospective study of 156 atrial septal defects in dogs and cats (2001-2005).

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart disease (CHD) in humans, but considered relatively rare in veterinary medicine. However, modern echocardiographic and Doppler techniques currently offer a good view of the morphology of the interatrial septum, thus facilitating earlier detection of ASD in awake animals. In this context, we carried out a retrospective study of cases of recently diagnosed ASD in dogs and cats at the Cardiology Unit of Alfort (2001-2005) using echocardiography combined with colour Doppler mode. ASD was diagnosed in 156 animals and represented 37.7% of all canine and feline CHDs (n = 414). ASD was the most common CHD after mitral dysplasia in both species. Boxer and Domestic shorthair were the most common canine and feline breeds affected. Most defects (98.7%) were secundum-type ASD, without clinical signs in 73.7% of cases. The most common clinical signs included systolic murmur heard over the left heart base (20.2%), exercise intolerance (7.0%), syncope (5.3%), dyspnoea (2.6%) and cough (2.6%). Animals that presented a systolic heart murmur over the left base had a significantly larger ASD than others (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the incidence of ASD is higher than previously assumed. ASD should be suspected, for example, in instances of left basal systolic heart murmur, although its clinical and haemodynamic consequences are usually minor.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Congenital heart diseases in the boxer dog: A retrospective study of 105 cases (1998-2005).

Subaortic stenosis (SAS) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases (CHD) in dogs with Boxers being predominantly affected. However, the increasing availability of modern diagnostic imaging systems now allows a better assessment of cardiac morphology and function, thereby facilitating early detection of CHD in awake animals. In this context, the case records of Boxer dogs diagnosed with CHD using echocardiography combined with Doppler mode, were retrospectively reviewed (1998-2005). One hundred and five Boxers exhibiting either a single CHD (53/105, 50.5%) or association of several CHD (52/105, 49.5%) were included. The most common CHD was atrial septal defect (ASD) observed in 56.2% of these animals (59/105), followed by mitral dysplasia (58/105, 55.2%), and SAS (49/105, 46.7%). SAS was associated with one or two CHD in 29.5% of cases (31/105). Most of the dogs with a low intensity left heart base systolic murmur had an isolated ASD whereas most of the dogs with a similar but high intensity murmur had SAS, either isolated or associated with a concurrent CHD. The incidence of ASD and mitral dysplasia in Boxer dogs is higher than previously assumed, and ASD is a common cause of left heart base systolic murmur in this breed of dog. This confirms that the detection of such a murmur should not be used as the unique criterion for diagnostic confirmation of SAS.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative evaluation of renal function in healthy Beagle puppies and mature dogs.

Daily urinary collection and assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow were performed in ten 2-month-old Beagle puppies and ten 6-9 year-old Beagle dogs to identify age-associated differences in renal function. The most striking differences in puppies compared to mature dogs were a higher daily urinary volume (+65%), GFR (+87%), free water reabsorption (+159%), a lower daily protein excretion (-88%), and fractional excretion of phosphorus (-35%). Renal function in Beagle puppies, but not mature dogs, was also quite different compared to data published in younger adult dogs.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

Longitudinal left ventricular myocardial dysfunction assessed by 2D colour tissue Doppler imaging in a dog with systemic hypertension and severe arteriosclerosis.

A 12-year-old sexually intact male Vendee Griffon Basset was presented for acute pulmonary oedema. Severe systemic systolic arterial hypertension (SAH) was diagnosed (290 mmHg). Despite blood and abdominal ultrasound tests, the underlying cause of the systemic hypertension could not be determined, and primary SAH was therefore suspected. Conventional echocardiography showed eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy with normal fractional shortening. Despite this apparent normal systolic function, 2D colour tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) identified a marked longitudinal systolic left ventricular myocardial alteration, whereas radial function was still preserved. Three months later, the dog underwent euthanasia because of an acute episode of distal aortic thromboembolism. Necropsy revealed severe aortic and iliac arteriosclerosis. SAH related to arteriosclerosis is a common finding in humans, but has not been previously described in dogs. Moreover, its consequence on longitudinal myocardial function using TDI has never been documented before in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Persistent truncus arteriosus in a 6-year-old cat.

Truncus arteriosus (TA) was diagnosed in a 6-year-old neutered female domestic short-haired cat by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography, colour flow imaging and spectral Doppler examinations. The lesion was characterized by a single large artery originating from the right ventricle. A single ascending aorta and a single pulmonary trunk arose from the common arterial trunk. The residual pulmonary trunk immediately split into left and right branches. The lesion was identified as a type I (TA). This case is of interest because it is the first reported echo-Doppler description of such a malformation in felines, and because of the age of the cat at the time of diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Increased mitral valve regurgitation and myocardial hypertrophy in two dogs with long-term pimobendan therapy.

The aim of this article is to describe original adverse effects in two dogs chronically treated with the inodilator pimobendan. We report a German shepherd (i.e., dog 1) and a poodle (i.e., dog 2) that were referred to our cardiology unit after receiving pimobendan for 10 and 5 mo, respectively. In both dogs, conventional echo-Doppler examination demonstrated mitral valve regurgitation and myocardial hypertrophy. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was performed in the first case and revealed an abnormal relaxation phase. After the first examination, pimobendan administration was stopped in both cases and dogs were re-examined 3 and 1 mo later, respectively. Mitral valve regurgitation assessed by echocardiography decreased in both dogs, and the systolic heart murmur disappeared in dog 1. Importantly, most echocardiographic and TDI parameters tended to normalize in dog 1, suggesting, at least partial reversal of both myocardial hypertrophy and relaxation abnormality produced during inodilator therapy. This is the first report to describe an increase in mitral regurgitation under clinical conditions in dogs treated with pimobendan. We also suggest that pimobendan may induce ventricular hypertrophy. However, prospective studies are needed to confirm this observation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Exploration of a third degree atrioventricular block by standard echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and treatment with a cardiac pacemaker in a German wire-haired pointer].

A nine-year-old intact male Drathaar was evaluated for syncope and extreme weakness, and was found to have a third degree atrioventricular (AV) block. As there were no biochemic, serologic, organic (thoracic radiographs, abdominal echography, standard and tissue Doppler echocardiographies) and histologic (interventricular septum biopsy) anomalies, the dog was treated with a permanently implanted cardiac pacemaker.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Congenital malformations of the tricuspid valve in domestic carnivores: a retrospective study of 50 cases].

A retrospective study was done on 14 cats and 36 dogs diagnosed with right atrioventricular valve malformations (RAVM), either tricuspid dysplasia (n = 38) or Ebstein's anomaly (n = 12). Comparison with a large reference population including 85 250 animals allowed an epidemiologic analysis of these RAVM, demonstrating that Labrador, Boxer and Chartreux cats had a 35, 7 and 11-fold higher risk respectively to be affected by one of these heart diseases than other breeds, without sexual predisposition. In 93% of cases, cardiac auscultation revealed a heart murmur, whose grade was not significantly correlated with the echographic stages of the valvular disease. The echocardiographic examination confirmed the frequent association between RAVM and other congenital anomalies, particularly mitral dysplasia, in 84% and 20% of tricuspid dysplasia and Ebstein anomaly respectively. Last, the prognosis of RAVM was worsened by atrial fibrillation and right-sided heart failure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

[Transesophageal echocardiography: principles, technique and potential indications in veterinary medicine].

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a recent ultrasound technique using an endoscopic transducer to image the heart from within the esophagus. TEE avoids the anatomical structures that may affect the quality of the conventional transthoracic echocardiography. The quality of cardiovascular images obtained with TEE is therefore superior to transthoracic views. The potential indications of TEE in veterinary medicine include analysis of specific abnormalities (thrombosis, aneurism, cardiac tumors), cardiac monitoring during anesthesia or catheterization, and evaluation of cardiovascular surgical procedures.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed2004

[Specific features of echocardiographic examination in ophidians].

Echocardiography in ophidians shows several particularities, directly due to the anatomical features of their cardiovascular system: two aortic arches (instead of one in mammals), one single ventricle (instead of two), two cranial venae cavae (instead of one), and also one supplementary tubular cavity called sinus venosus, which proceeds into the right atrium at the sino-atrial opening. Ultrasound examination using a ventral and an intercostal approach allows a good visualisation of these cardiac structures in short and long axis. The main purpose of this technique is to establish the ante-mortem diagnosis of heart diseases, such as endocarditis and myocarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Pacemaker implantation in dogs: results of the last 30 years].

Pacemaker implantation in veterinary practice is still not well known and remains uncommon. However, this technique is the only possible way to cure animals suffering from symptomatic bradycardia whose state does not improve with a medical treatment. In most cases, the use of pacemakers in veterinary medicine leads to the disappearance of the clinical and electrocardiographic signs. This retrospective study concerning the last 30 years draws up an evaluation of the improvements, advantages and drawbacks of this method. Moreover, this study allows the understanding of the evolution of pacemakers' use in veterinary cardiology.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Observer-dependent variability of quantitative clinical endpoints: the example of canine echocardiography.

The objective of this study was to determine the intra- and inter-observer variability of echocardiographic measurements in dogs. Four observers with different levels of experience in echocardiography performed 192 echocardiographic examinations of six dogs on four different days. The lowest within- and between-day coefficients of variation (CV) (%) were 13.8 and 5.2 for the right ventricle in diastole, 8.9 and 4.5 for the interventricular septal thickness in diastole (6.3 and 7.0 in systole), 7.7 and 9.4 for the left ventricular free-wall thickness in diastole (8.1 and 5.2 in systole), 3.1 and 5.0 for the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (6.2 and 7.0 for end-systolic diameter), 10.2 and 10.8 for the left ventricular shortening fraction, and 8.2 and 9.8 for the left atrium/aorta ratio, respectively. Most of these lowest CVs were observed by the two most experienced observers. Conversely, all maximum values were obtained with the two less experienced observers. These differences in observer-dependent variability may considerably influence the minimum number of animals required to detect a treatment-associated change in echocardiographic variables.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Tissue Doppler imaging and echo-Doppler findings associated with a mitral valve stenosis with an immobile posterior valve leaflet in a bull terrier.

A mitral valve stenosis was diagnosed in a 2-year-old female Bull Terrier by use of two-dimensional (2-D) and M-mode echocardiography, colour-flow imaging and spectral Doppler examinations. Tissue Doppler Imaging was also performed to assess the segmental radial myocardial motion. The mitral valve stenosis was characterized by a decreased mitral orifice area/left ventricle area ratio (0.14), an increased early diastolic flow velocity (E wave = 1.9 m/s), a prolonged pressure half-time (106 ms) and a decreased E-F slope (4.5 cm/s) on pulsed-wave Doppler examination. This mitral stenosis was associated with an immobile posterior leaflet, as seen on 2-D and M-mode echocardiography. Immobility of the posterior mitral leaflet is considered to be a rare finding in humans and, to our knowledge, has not been precisely documented in dogs with mitral valve stenosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Reversible pulmonary hypertension presenting simultaneously with an atrial septal defect and angiostrongylosis in a dog.

A one-year-old female neutered beagle was presented with marked abdominal effusion. Echocardiography showed marked dilatation of the right cardiac chambers, an atrial septal defect and severe tricuspid insufficiency. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP), evaluated by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography, was very high (80 mmHg), with a right to left interatrial shunt. The radiographic images were compatible with widespread pneumonitis. Numerous larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum were visible on direct faecal examination. The animal was given fenbendazole for 15 days, combined with diuretics, an antibiotic and a vasodilator. Two weeks later, the dog showed a marked improvement. The treatment, except the anthelmintic, was continued for seven weeks and then stopped. At that stage, Doppler echocardiography revealed that the sPAP had returned to normal (20 mmHg) and the interatrial shunt had reversed (left to right). Eighteen months later, clinical and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were normal.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed2003

[Doppler myocardial tissue imaging: a new promising echocardiographic technique].

Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) is a recent ultrasound technique allowing quantification of regional myocardial function by measurement of myocardial velocities throughout the cardiac cycle. The physical principle of TDI is based on the ability of ultrasound machines to selectively display the low velocity--high amplitude Doppler signals from the myocardial walls. Three TDI modes may be used: the pulsed wave mode, the 2D color mode and the color M-mode. Several studies have already shown that TDI is a more sensitive and specific technique than conventional Doppler echocardiography for detecting moderate myocardial alterations in different settings such as hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, ischemia and heart transplant disorders. TDI might therefore be used as an accurate technique for screening cardiomyopathies, and could also represent in the next future a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy of early cardiac therapeutic interventions.

Animals↗