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Biomedical subjects

V Chudomel

Publications and source records attributed to V Chudomel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with bone marrow transplantation at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague].

The outcomes of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) performed at the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion from April 1988 to December 1994 in 31 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia are presented. Age of the patients range from 18 to 49 years, median 34 years. Male:female ratio was 1.58:1. The conditioning regimen consisted of Cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) or Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide. The results are evaluated as of January 1, 1995. Nineteen patients (61.3%) are alive, 12 patients (38.7%) died. The causes of death are discussed. The median time of follow up all patients is 10.4 months, range 0.3-81.5. The median time of follow up of surviving patients is 21.8 months, range 2.5-81.5. Probability of 2 years survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis is 58 +/- 10%. Of the 24 transplanted in the first chronic phase, 18 patients are alive. Of the 7 transplanted in advanced phase of the disease, 1 patient is alive. Of the 27 patients, who received bone marrow from an HLA identical sibling, 19 are alive. Of the 4 patients who received bone marrow from other donor than an HLA identical sibling, none is alive. Acute GvHD III.-IV. grade developed in 5 patients (16.1%), moderate and severe chronic GvHD developed in 11 patients (31.5%). Cytogenetic relapse was diagnosed in 1 patient, hematological relapse in 2 patients. Karnofsky scores of patients surviving after BMT range from 30% to 100%, median 90%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Monitoring lymphocyte activity in the peripheral blood of patients after bone marrow transplantation].

BACKGROUND: After bone marrow transplantation serious complications develop which may limit the success of this therapeutic method. One of the early complications is an acute graft versus host reaction. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the relationship between the number of active lymphocytes in the patient's blood stream after bone marrow transplantation and the development of an acute graft versus host reaction or rejection of the graft, and thus contribute towards prediction or diagnosis of these complications. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 14 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (3), acute lymphatic leukaemia (1), chronic myeloid leukaemia (6), myelodysplastic syndrome (2) and aplastic anaemia (2) bone marrow was transplanted: the donor was in all instances a HLA identical sibling. However, only 11 patients were evaluated. In the latter changes in the number of circulating active lymphocytes were assessed: their activity was evaluated from nucleolar characteristics expressed by RNA synthesis. Their values at the time of the acute graft versus host reaction (GVHD) varied between 7.4% and 17.3%; at the time when these patients were free from complications they were 2.2%-6.0% (the difference is at the borderline of significance). In 8 patients the rise of active lymphocytes preceded the manifestation of the graft versus host reaction by 3-7 days. At the time of infectious complications after bone marrow transplantation (temperatures of obscure origin, herpetic infections, varicella, adenoviral infections) the number of active lymphocytes did not increase (2.0%-10.0%), as compared with 3.4%-9.5% in the group without complications. CONCLUSIONS: The increased percentage of activated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood stream of patients with an acute graft versus host reaction (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation results from specific immunological procedures. Their assessment could help with the differential diagnostic difficulties frequently associated with the diagnosis of the acute graft versus host reaction.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

[Results of bone marrow transplantation at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague].

The first allogenic bone marrow transplantation (TKD), when for the preparation whole body irradiation was used, was implemented in the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion (UHKT) in Prague in 1986. Before June 1992 36 TKD were performed incl. 28 allogenic, 2 syngenic and 6 autologous. For the first time bone marrow from a non-related donor was transplanted. Of 30 allogenic and syngenic TKD to the present time 17 patients survive, i.e. 56.6% of the whole group. According to individual diagnoses 8 patients with the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) survive, 5 of 10 patients with the diagnosis of acute leukaemia (AL) and 3 of 4 patients with the diagnosis of severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) or with Fancon's anaemia (FA) resp. The survival period of the whole group is from 1-62 months since the transplantation. The main cause of death of 8 from 13 patients who died were infections associated with acute or chronic disease of the graft against the host (GVHD). In autologous TKD the bone marrow was treated with etoposide. Of the six transplanted patients with AL five survive 1.5-30 months after transplantation. The authors present some general information of pretransplantation preparation, prevention of GVHD, its incidence and results of TKD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Induction of NK and LAK activities in human lymphocyte culture by a cytosol fraction from leukemic myeloblasts and by monoclonal antibody CD 3.

The stimulating effect of cytosol fraction (F3) isolated from human myeloblasts (m.w. ranging from 30 to 100 kDa) and monoclonal antibody CD 3 (MEM 57) was tested on NK and LAK cell activities in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) of normal donors and leukemic patients. The F3 fraction added in 10% of the total volume of RPMI 1640 medium induced significantly increased lytic activity of normal lymphocytes or IL-2 activated lymphocytes against K 562 cells in 3-day culture. Similarly, the proliferation of both cell cultures was enhanced by F3. The effect of F3 on NK and LAK cell activities in culture of PMNC from leukemic patients was less pronounced and synergic action of F3 did not occur, whereas the proliferation of leukemic cells was significantly enhanced. MEM 57 increased the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation in 3-day culture of normal lymphocytes at concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 ng/ml. MEM 57 stimulated also NK cytotoxicity estimated in freshly isolated normal lymphocytes. The deficient NK cell activity observed in PMNC of leukemic patients was induced by MEM 57 or its combination with IL-2 in 3-day culture. These observations indicate that combination of more immunomodulating agents can lead to shortening of the incubation time necessary for correction of the NK cell defective activity in PMNC of leukemic patients.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Personal experience with treatment of acute myeloid leukemia using the DAT combination].

A combination of cytostatics--Rubomycin (Medexport), Alcysten (Spofa) and LANVIS (Wellcome) was used to treat 44 patients with the diagnosis AML. A total of 66% CR was achieved. The median duration of CR was 15 months and the median of survival of patients with CR was 25 months. 20% of the patients died in induction mostly from infectious complications. The authors assume that this combination with the use of the Czech preparation Alcysten and the Soviet preparation Rubomycin is suitable induction treatment in AML. Treatment, however, calls for perfect supporting therapy and therefore should by concentrated in selected departments.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Positive effect of direct current on cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes.

Normal or leukemic human lymphocytes treated with direct current (DC) showed enhanced antileukemic cytotoxicity. The enhancing effect of DC-treated lymphocytes was dependent on current density and time exposure. A desirable effect was achieved with current densities ranging from 5 to 10 mA/cm2 at a short exposition time (5--10s). Enhanced lymphocyte cytotoxicity occurred after a 48 h cultivation at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and was proved by the increased number of trypan blue stained target cells, tumor-binding cells, and lymphocytes with activated nucleoli. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity measured immediately after DC-treatment was not enhanced. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect was potentiated using media conditioned with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or cytosol fraction (F3) isolated from human leukemic cells. Such in vitro stimulated cytotoxic cells displayed reactivity against K 562 cells as well as fresh leukemic cells of allogeneic origin. Of considerable clinical interest is the observation that lymphocytes treated with DC in IL-2 or F3 conditioned media may enhance antileukemic cytotoxicity in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with hematological malignancies.

Cytosol↗
PubMed1988

[Patients with chimerism--immunologic detection of bone marrow acceptance].

The establishment of the ABO chimerism (two populations of erythrocytes deviating in ABO antigens) following a bone marrow transplantation represents a simple rapid method for the proof of the transplant acceptance. A remarkable case was described in which in a patient with hypoplasia of the bone marrow in the peripheral blood there exist two deviating in ABO antigens populations of erythrocytes (AB blood corpuscles of the patient and B erythrocytes of the donor) still 4 1/2 years after the transplantation of the bone marrow. This fact speaks for the simultaneous existence of the own bone marrow as well as of the bone marrow of the donor in the patient.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Derivatives of benzo(c)fluorene. XXIV. Cytostatic effect of benfluron on human leukemic cells in vitro.

Benfluoron (BF), a new cytostatic drug, synthesized at the Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry in Prague, was tested for its cytostatic and cytotoxic effect. The concentrations of BF ranging from 0.1-2 micrograms/ml had a significant cytostatic effect on nine stabilized human leukemic cell lines. This effect was demonstrated by cell counts, cell viability and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The BF concentrations of 2 micrograms/ml and higher were considerably cytostatic causing the cell death and cell degradation. The effect of BF on the cell growth being irreversible could not be eliminated by washing the cells and recultivating them in fresh medium. The BF concentrations halving the total number of viable cells (EC50 value) induced a higher cytotoxicity in lymphoblastoid cell lines then in myeloid ones. BF did not influence the binding of monoclonal antibodies with membrane markers of different cell subpopulations. Prospective application of BF as a cytostatic and immunosuppressive drug is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Distribution of T-lymphocytic subpopulations detected by monoclonal antibodies in peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.

This paper reports on 93 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) where CLL of B-type (E-, T-, B+, Ig+/-) was defined in 84 cases (90%), CLL of T-type (E+, T+, B-, Ig-) in 3 cases (3.2%) and in the remaining 6 cases (6.4%) neither T nor B were clearly detected. In 18 patients exhibiting lower total leukocyte count in peripheral blood T-lymphocytic population (OKT-3+), helper/inducer (OKT-4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic subpopulations (OKT-8+) were analysed using monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence test. The results show that the mean T-lymphocytic population counts in patients with CLL of B-type amounted to 1.7 X 10(9)/1 which is the value somewhat increased compared with the mean values observed in normal donors (1.5 X 10(9)/1). The counts of helper/inducer T-lymphocytic subpopulations (OKT-4+) were 1.7 X 10(9)/1 corresponding to those of healthy donors. In contrast, the counts of suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytic subpopulations (OKT-8+) in patients with B-CLL were increased (0.7 X 10(9)/1). The immunoregulation index in patients with CLL decreased to 1.4 compared with that of a control 1.96).

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ribonucleases on cell-mediated lympholysis reaction and on GM-CFC colonies in bone marrow culture.

Natural dimer of bovine seminal ribonuclease (AS RNase) suppressed markedly DNA synthesis in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of normal human lymphocytes and simultaneously inhibited induction of cytotoxic effector cells within the sensitization phase of indirect cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) reaction. The last purification step of the AS RNase isolation procedure did not increase the suppressive activity of AS RNase compared to a less purified preparation (ZS RNase), thus, the later preparation was mostly used. ZS RNase (10 micrograms/ml) caused 50% inhibition of MLC reaction whereas pancreatic ribonuclease (A RNase) was 10 times less effective. The suppressive effect of RNases added in the beginning of the sensitization phase of the CML reaction correlated with that observed in the MLC reaction. The concentrations of ZS RNase (10 micrograms/ml), A RNase (100 micrograms/ml), and additionally tested cyclosporin A (0.5 microgram/ml) resulted in nearly total abrogation of cytolysis in CML. ZS RNase added after the sensitization of effector cells did not influence their cytolytic action on target cells within the destruction phase of CML. Natural killer and killer cell activities in normal peripheral lymphocytes were not inhibited by ZS RNase at the concentration of 330 micrograms/ml. ZS RNase (20 micrograms/ml), cocultivated 1 h with normal human bone marrow cells and then washed off, enhanced formation of GM-CFC colonies in semisolid agar culture up to 200%. Simultaneously tested antilymphocyte globulin increased the number of GM-CFC colonies at the average of 128%. This stimulating effect on colony formation appeared also in bone marrow culture of patients suffering with various hematological disorders. The possibility of utilizing the preparations gained from seminal plasma in clinical bone marrow transplantation is discussed.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1986

Influence of the incubation of cells with zinc and lithium ions on GVH reactivity of cells and on their ability to form haemopoietic colonies.

Mouse spleen and bone marrow cells were incubated for 2 h with ZnCl2 and Li2SO4 at different concentrations and tested for the ability to evoke the graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR) and to form pluripotent haemopoietic colonies. ZnCl2 at concentrations 5 X 10(-6) to 5 X 10(-4) M inhibited the regional GVHR. At a concentration of 5 X 10(-6) ZnCl2 also inhibited the ability to elicit the systemic GVHR in irradiated mice. Haemopoiesis was stimulated in cells incubated with ZnCl2 at concentration 5 X 10(-6) M, it was inhibited after incubation of A/01a cells with 5 X 10(-4) M ZnCl2, whereas cells from non-inbred ICR mice were stimulated by the latter concentration of ZnCl2 for haemopoiesis. Li2SO4 inhibited the ability to induce the regional GVHR at concentrations of 5 X 10(-3) and 10(-2) M, had no effect on survival of mice during the systemic GVHR and exerted rather an inhibitory effect on haemopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunogenicity of the Gardner lymphosarcoma for the mice of the strain C3H (H-2k). I. The effect of the 60Co-irradiation of recipients and of the interval between the immunization and transplantation of the tumor on the antitumor resistance of immunized mice.

The C3H (H-2k) mice were immunized by 60Co-irradiation-inactivated Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG) cells. The degree of resistance of mice with transplanted tumors was determined by difference in survival curves of the immunized and nonimmunized mice. When the tumor was transplanted during 26 weeks after the last of the three immunizing injections the mean survival time of immunized mice was always prolonged over that of nonpretreated controls. The prolongation was not always significant. The slope differences between lines characterizing survival of immunized and nonimmunized groups were statistically significant when the transplantation of the tumor was performed up to the 22nd week following the immunization. A small number of immunized mice which survived 60 days without visible tumors belonged to immunized groups transplanted with the tumor up to 14 weeks after the last immunizing dose. A higher degree of resistance has been achieved in mice given increased number of immunizing injections. Similar effect was observed in mice with impaired antitumor resistance due to immunosuppressive dose of 60Co-irradiation given before the tumor transplantation. Skin grafts taken from resistant mice healed up to unaffected isologous mice as well as it was found in reciprocal transplantation experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunologic characterization of T-lymphoproliferative disorders by monoclonal antibodies.

A series of 11 mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with human T lymphoid cells at different stages of differentiation was used for immunological classification of leukaemic cells of 16 patients with T cell lymphoproliferative disorders by using a fluorescence assay. The majority of T-ALL cells had an immature or early thymic phenotype and T lymphoblastic lymphoma had phenotypes corresponding to different levels of more mature stages of T cell differentiation, Two cases of T-CLL and one adult patient with mycosis fungoides had mature T cell phenotypes being T-3+, T-4-, T-8+, cytotoxic/suppressor cell types and one case of T-CLL had T-3+, T-4+, T-8-, "helper/inducer" cell type, too. These results suggested that surface marker analysis in T cell lymphoproliferative disorders may be used as a highly reproducible immunological classification system that will provide additional information about phenotypes of leukaemic cells in connection with morphological analysis and clinical diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunofluorescence studies on proteins B23 and C23 in nucleoli of human lymphocytes.

Nucleoli of normal and leukemic lymphocytes were studied by cytochemical and immunofluorescence methods to provide more information on the nucleolar presence and distribution of proteins B23 and C23. Annular nucleoli of human lymphocytes represent a very convenient subject for such studies, since they consist of one centrally located large fibrillar center surrounded by RNP components. In such nucleoli, protein C23 was present mainly in the central nucleolar region and protein B23 was found mostly in the periphery. The nucleolar area immunostained for protein B23 was usually larger than that stained for protein C23. The distribution of protein C23 appeared to be similar to that of intensely stained nucleolar argyrophilic components. No substantial differences were found between the distribution of proteins B23 and C23 in nucleoli of normal and leukemic lymphocytes. In lymphocytes of patients treated with chemotherapy, the immunofluorescence was diminished for protein B23 and particularly so for protein C23.

Cell Nucleolus↗