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V Clerehugh

Publications and source records attributed to V Clerehugh.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An assessment of the validity of a constant force electronic probe in measuring probing depths.

Reproducible and accurate measurement of probing depth and attachment levels is important in longitudinal studies and clinical monitoring of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of a constant force electronic probe in comparison with a conventional probe in measuring probing depth. Thirty-three teeth scheduled for extraction from 15 patients were used in the study. Probing depths were measured with a constant force electronic probe and a conventional probe at six sites per tooth prior to extraction. The teeth were extracted, washed, and stained and the actual probing depth measured in the laboratory. The constant force electronic probe showed a consistent systematic bias to under measure pocket depths. The mean difference was 0.48 mm, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The conventional probe over measured by a statistically non-significant mean of 0.08 mm (P > 0.05). The measurements with the constant force electronic probe were not affected by the site or the position of the tooth in the mouth. The study demonstrated that the constant force electronic probe under measured the probing depths as determined in the laboratory and was less valid than the conventional probe. However, the validity of probing depth measurements using the constant force electronic probe was clinically acceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The changing face of periodontal epidemiology.

From the time of the earliest civilisations, there has been documentation of diseases affecting the periodontal tissues. Yet it is only in the last 40 years or so that indices of the periodontal diseases were developed and the bacterial aetiology of gingivitis demonstrated. Epidemiological studies conducted in the 1950's and 1960's gave us valuable data on the prevalence and incidence of the periodontal diseases and factors associated with their aetiology and progression. However, with the introduction of new periodontal indices and refinement of criteria amidst increasing periodontal research, our perspectives of periodontal epidemiology have changed. Advanced destructive periodontal disease is less prevalent than previously thought, so there has been a shift towards risk assessment and determination of disease susceptibility. The future is promising, and possible advances in clinical and microbiological epidemiological research are considered, along with study of the host response to bacterial challenge.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed1992

The use of the CPITN to monitor the outcome of periodontal treatment in a dental hospital setting.

The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN) is recommended for monitoring the outcome of periodontal treatment, yet to date there is only one published prospective study that has used the index for that purpose. The aim of the present study was to monitor the outcome of periodontal treatment of 42 patients referred to a consultant periodontist in a dental hospital. The CPITN was recorded at baseline by a single trained examiner. Subsequently, the patients were examined independently by the consultant and a treatment plan formulated. The prescribed treatment was carried out, and a record was maintained of the type of treatment provided and the number of visits involved. The CPITN was recorded again approximately 6 months after baseline by the same trained examiner. Full data were obtained for 36 subjects; most (22 patients) had deep pockets (CPITN, code 4) at baseline, while nine had shallow pockets (CPITN, code 3). Patients with deep pockets at baseline required more complex treatment and more visits (mean 6.2 visits) than patients with shallow pockets, calculus or gingival bleeding (mean 3.5 visits). Nineteen of the 22 subjects with deep pockets at baseline showed a reduction in the number of sextants with deep pockets after 6 months; however, in only 11 of these subjects were the number of sextants with deep pockets reduced to zero. In the light of these findings a modified format for summarising such CPITN data is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Computerized methodology for detection of alveolar crestal bone loss from serial intraoral radiographs.

The aim of this study was to develop a computerized measurement system for analysis of unstandardized serial radiographic images. A new approach for estimating the error associated with the determination of alveolar crest loss is described. The study shows that a difference of 0.87 mm in cemento-enamel junction-crest measurement between unstandardized serial radiographs taken within accepted clinic routine is required for a significant loss in crestal bone height. The ability to detect with significance a difference of less than 1 mm in crestal bone height makes the appropriate use of traditional bite-wing radiographs a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of periodontal maintenance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

What alveolar crest level on a bite-wing radiograph represents bone loss?

In advanced periodontal disease alveolar bone crestal loss is readily apparent on radiographs. However, in incipient disease there is a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes crestal bone loss on a radiograph. To properly assess crestal bone loss radiographically requires an appropriate base of reference indicative of the absence of destructive periodontal disease. In this study the radiographic CEJ-crest distance as a measure of crest height was determined for sites at which clinical attachment measurements indicate no attachment loss. From these measurements it is concluded that no crestal bone loss is consistent with a range of radiographic CEJ-crest distance between 0.4 and 1.9 mm (95% confidence limits) as evidenced on bite-wings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

5-year results of a longitudinal study of early periodontitis in 14- to 19-year-old adolescents.

This 5-year longitudinal study monitored 167 subjects at ages 14.3, 16.0 and 19.6 years. The aims were (1) to determine loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm in the study group over the 5-year period; (2) to relate baseline levels of oral deposits and gingivitis to the 5-year increment of loss of attachment; (3) to determine whether subjects who had developed loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm by age 16 years were more susceptible to further development of loss of attachment; (4) to evaluate loss of attachment indices. Loss of attachment, plaque, subgingival calculus, gingival bleeding and gingival colour change were measured. At baseline, 3% of subjects had loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than 1% of sites were involved. By age 19 years, 77% had loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm, and 31% of sites were affected. There was a significant correlation between the presence of subgingival calculus at baseline and the 5-year increment of loss of attachment (Pearson's r = 0.26 p less than 0.001). Subjects who had developed loss of attachment by age 16 years still had significantly more sites affected at the more severe 2 mm level 3 years later than their peers (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that a flexible approach is needed in selecting indices of loss of attachment for epidemiological investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effectiveness of two test dentifrices on dental plaque formation: a 1-week clinical study.

A 1-week, double-blind clinical study was conducted to compare the effects on plaque formation of two test dentifrices with a placebo dentifrice. Male and female adult subjects received an oral prophylaxis and were randomly allocated to three study groups. The subjects used the dentifrice three times daily and were examined for the presence of plaque after seven days. The results indicated that one of the two test dentifrices, containing 0.3% triclosan, 2% of a copolymer, and 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in an insoluble sodium metaphosphate abrasive system, significantly reduced plaque formation by 16% when compared to the placebo dentifrice.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aspects of the validity of buccal loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm in studies of early periodontitis.

The aim of this study was to consider the validity of measurements of loss of attachment on buccal surfaces in studies of early periodontitis and in particular to monitor the development of loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm on buccal surfaces over a 2-year study period in 229 subjects initially aged 14.3 years and to relate this loss of attachment to gingival status and oral cleanliness at baseline. 3 subgroups were considered: the first comprised 83 subjects who developed no loss of attachment over the 2-year study period; subgroup 2 comprised 56 subjects who developed loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm on buccal surfaces only; subgroup 3 comprised 75 subjects who developed loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm on at least 1 buccal surface and on at least 1 mesio-buccal surface over the study period. The mean number of buccal sites with plaque, subgingival calculus, gingival colour change and gingival bleeding at baseline was lower in subgroup 2 than subgroup 3, the differences being significant for the latter three variables. The data failed to reject the null hypothesis of no differences between subgroups 2 and 1. It was concluded that the buccal loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm found in subgroup 2 at age 16 years was associated with few oral deposits and little gingival inflammation and could probably be related to toothbrushing practices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Changes in the caries prevalence of 11-12-year-old schoolchildren in the North-West of England from 1968 to 1981.

Since 1968, six caries clinical trials have been conducted in the North-West of England by different examiners using the same diagnostic system, and a steady reduction in caries prevalence in 11-12-yr-old schoolchildren has been recorded. In the present study, five of the examiners revisited some of the schools which participated in their original trials and each examined between 196 and 296 children. The time intervals between the original and repeat examinations were 12, 10, 8, 5 and 3 yr. Percent caries reductions (PCRs) ranged from 19 to 33 for DMFT and from 24 to 35 for DMFS but the PCRs did not relate to the time intervals between examinations. The PCRs were greater on free smooth and approximal surfaces than on fissure surfaces and for the anterior teeth than for the mouth as a whole, suggesting that fluoride may have played a role in the reductions.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The reasons for tooth extractions in adults and their validation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the primary reasons for the extraction of permanent teeth in adults and to validate the dentists' reasons for extraction. METHODS: Twenty-one dentists in the Greater Manchester area took part in the study. These dentists provided extracted teeth stored in 10% buffered formal saline together with details of the patient's age, sex, dental attendance pattern and the reason for extraction. In order to validate the reasons for extraction, teeth were examined for the presence or absence of coronal and root caries. A subgroup of 80 teeth, half of which were extracted primarily for caries and half for periodontal reasons were selected, stained and attachment loss measured at six sites per tooth to validate periodontal reasons for extraction. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-nine teeth were collected of which 37% were extracted primarily due to caries and 29% due to periodontal disease. Caries was the main reason for extraction in patients under 50 years, whereas periodontal disease was the commonest reason in the over-50 age group. Irregular attenders had more extractions for caries than regular attenders but attendance pattern did not affect the proportion of teeth extracted for periodontal reasons. The mean greatest loss of attachment on teeth extracted for periodontal reasons was 12 mm compared with 6.5 mm for caries. CONCLUSION: In this group of patients caries was the most common reason for extraction of teeth but periodontal disease became a more important reason for extraction after 50 years of age. The study validated the dentists' given reason for extraction.

Adolescent↗