The authors achieve a review of some clinical and therapeutic features related to the use of azaspirodecanodiones (buspirones, gepirone, ipsapirone). Buspirone--the only one available--is a novel nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic that shows affinity for the serotonin 1A receptor subtype, acting as a partial agonist in the serotonergic system. This review attempts to put up to date the therapeutic studies of azaspirodecanodiones--especially buspirone--in anxiety (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder), depression abuse and dependence of substances and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Though its main indication is generalized anxiety disorder, it may be also useful in treating other disorders and multiple psychopathologies related to serotonergic system dysfunctions, such as depression or alcoholism. Other interesting feature of buspirone is its potential usefulness in anxious elderly patients and long-term therapy.

Alcoholism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of a population hospitalized for alcohol "dependence" and "abuse" with other similar alcoholic populations: a study of 1,300 patients].

The authors refer on introduction to a former research where they describe results from 150 inpatients diagnosed of "Alcohol Dependence" and "Alcohol Abuse Syndromes" admitted during 1980-1984 at the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital of Valladolid. A comparison of epidemiologic, clinic, diagnostic and care patients patterns is made versus three other studies , where similar groups of alcoholic patients are studied through 47 variables. The first investigation reports findings from 613 alcoholic out patients demanding psychiatric care at University Hospital in Valladolid. The second one study 134 alcoholic patients (70% outpatients and 30% inpatients) at the Hospital General in Burgos. The last one reports finding from 403 alcoholic inpatients at the Psychiatric Service of "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital of Madrid. A group of 130 patients are studied as a whole, 1,127 males (86.89%) and 173 females (13.3%). Fifty per cent of the sample (n = 653) were inpatients and the remainder were outpatients; 28.30% (n = 368) were diagnosed by means of CIE-8a; 61.38% (n = 798) by means of CIE-9a; and 10.30 by DSM-III diagnostic criteria. The variables evaluated were population, age, sex, civil state, place of birth, place of living, level of education, profession, work capability, economical status and current social class, working and marriage adaptation, place composition, first work age, emigration, family psychiatric problems, affective deprivation, personal background, former treatment for drinking problems, start of drinking average age, abuse average time, kind of drinking, drinking day average amount, motive of abuse increments, consultation motive, somatic and psychiatric diagnoses, others drugs consultations, TAC and EEG results, first pharmacologic treatment, inpatient average time, and later hospitalizations. A table, a graphic and 83 bibliographic quotations, part of which belong to a former work, are included.

Alcoholism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Minor neurologic signs in obsessive-compulsive disorders].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sociodemographic and occupational aspects of public assistance demand for problems related to alcohol].

Bibliographic quotations on alcohol related problems in Castilla y León, and some socieconomic data on income, annual revenues, sectorial brute outputs, vine culture surface, red and white wine production in Valladolid, regional enterprise export and evolution are reported on introduction. Characteristics and limitations of the utilized notifications system and number of alcoholic (N = 433) and psychiatric cases (N = 2788) by institutions during 1986-1987 period are summarized. Notification rates, ranking between 1,08 0/000 at risk, and risk populations by province are reported at results section. Differences between alcoholic and remainder psychiatric patients were evaluated with regard to sex, marriage status, education, labour activity and consultation age. Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.01) of morbidity between alcoholic and remainder psychiatric patients were found at the following intervals of age: 15-24 (4.7% alcoholic vs. 13.7% psychiatric patients), 25-34 (21.6% alcoholic vs. 18.9% psychiatric patients), 35-44 (26.0% alcoholic vs. 16.7% psychiatric patients), 45-54 alcoholic vs. 15.9% psychiatric patients) and older than 65 (6.6% alcoholic vs. 15.2 psychiatric patients). Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.001) are also observed between alcoholic and psychiatric patients at male (89.8% alcoholic vs. 43.9% psychiatric patients) and female (10.2% alcoholic vs. 56.1% psychiatric patients) categories. Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.01) are found at window (2.6% alcoholic vs. 7.7% psychiatric patients) and separated couples rates (8.6% alcoholic vs. 2.5% psychiatric patients). With regard to education there are significant differences between first school (32.8% alcoholic vs. 26.28% psychiatric patients (p less than or equal to 0.01), high school (5.0% alcoholic vs. 9.53% psychiatric patients, p less than or equal to 0.05) and university studies (2.5% alcoholic vs. 5.52% psychiatric patients, p less than or equal to 0.05). There is a different professional profile in alcoholics. Manager, and liberal professional rates (7.09% alcoholic vs. 10.93% psychiatric patients) are significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.01) between white collar worker (11.98% alcoholic vs. 4.92% psychiatric patients), technician (16.87% alcoholic vs. 8.85% psychiatric patients) and blue collar worker rates (65.53% alcoholic vs. 26.97% psychiatric patients). Figures of retired are lesser (p less than or equal to 0.05) in alcoholic than in psychiatric patients (12.67%) and people %ho make home work are lesser (p less than or equal to 0.01) in the former (5.54%) than in the latter (35.37%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The EEG, CAT and alcoholism].

The authors made a retrospective study of 355 patients with the diagnosis of "Dependence" (n = 324) and "Abuse" (n = 31) of alcohol. 205 of them were outpatients and 150 inpatients from the Medical Psychological and Psychiatric Department of the Clinical University Hospital in Valladolid, since 1980 to 1984. It's studied demand of psychiatric services in the alcoholic population, the sex (87.88% of men and 12.11% of women) the mean age (about 42 years in men and 37 years in women), the diagnosis of alcoholism ("Dependence" or "Abuse") and the characteristics of them ("Outpatients" or "Inpatients"). Later, they reviewed two usual instrumental tests in Psychiatry: The E.E.G., which was made in 261 patients (normal in 85%) and the C.A.T., made in 13 cases, with cerebral atrophy in the 61%. At last, a historical review was made about these instrumental tests in the alcoholic disease, and the authors propose, too, two decision trees for the differential diagnosis and the treatment of alcoholic convulsions. The study presented, also, 9 Tables, 2 Figures and 54 references.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Minor neurological signs in obsessive-compulsive disorders].

Present and classic observations allow us to relate the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with different structural and functional anomalies, disorders and neurological findings which let us elaborate etiopathogenic and therapeutic hypothesis. From this and from our experience in the study about soft neurologic signs (SNS) in psychiatry, we explored 20 patients with OCD (DSM-III), compared with 28 phobic disorders and 20 healthy controls, following a SNS protocol and picking up demographic and clinical variables. We besides administered intellectual efficiency exams (WAIS) and neuropsychological tests (Benton/Bender), blind to the SNS exploration. The OCD group showed a higher global incidence of SNS, and especially more alterations in movement's coordination in upper extremities and balance with a trend to show more anomalies in dominance-laterality. This higher incidence of SNS didn't correlate with age, familiar or personal psychiatric history, indicators of neuropsychological impairment and pharmacotherapy. Men with OCD showed more SNS than women did, and as men have higher schooling rates, we found a relationship between SNS and schooling. OCD group showed a trend to be more intelligent than healthy controls, reaching significant higher scores in verbal than in manipulative scales. This lower manipulative score could relate with SNS, suggesting a possible concordance or significant relation with neurobiologic hypothesis, but not supporting neuroevolutionary and organic impairment theories as OCD etiopathogenesis.

Educational Status↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Description of patients diagnosed with "alcohol dependence syndrome" and "alcohol abuse" according to the C.I.E.-9a criteria of the W.H.O. at a psychiatric hospitalization service].

The authors make an introduction where they describe several problems found in the alcoholic diseases researches. The most important of them are related to the "alcoholic case" concept. After this the authors report several epidemiological facts about the alcoholic diseases and disorders in Castilla-León and Madrid. Then a retrospective analysis of inpatients psychiatric records from the Psychiatry Department of Valladolid's University Hospital between 1980 to 1984 (N = 1.259) is made. 252 (20.01%) of them suffered an alcoholic disorders, following the I.C.D.-9th criteria psychoses alcoholic were 102 (8.10%) and they were excluded. However "Alcohol dependence" with 128 cases (10.17%) and "Alcohol Abuse Syndromes" with 22 cases (1.75%) were studied deeply, being 150 cases--120 males (80%) and 30 females (20%)--evaluated. Every diagnostic group was analysed in a distinct way through 41 epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and medical care variables. These two groups and their differences and similarities between them are reported. The main profile is a male patient, 43 years old, married, urban life, blue collar worker, unskilled work, primary studies, bad economic level, marriage and working maladapted, clinical admitted through the Emergency Service, with an alcoholism 24 years old and intake of 234 grs. alcohol/day, with former treatment of minor tranquilizers (B.D.Z.) and at last is readmitted by alcoholic disease of disorder or a different psychiatric disease or disorders (I.C.D.-9.a or D.S.M.-III) in a 37.5% and 16.41% respectively.

Alcoholism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative analysis of a hospitalized population because of alcohol "dependence" or "abuse" and other similar alcoholic populations: a study of 1300 patients].

The authors refer on introduction to a former research where they describe results from 150 inpatients diagnosed of "Alcohol Dependence" and "Alcohol Abuse Syndromes" admitted during 1980-1984 at the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital of Valladolid. A comparison of epidemiologic, clinic, diagnostic and care patients patterns is made versus three others researches, where similar groups of alcoholic patients are studied through 47 variables. The first ++ investigation reports findings from 613 alcoholic out patients demanding psychiatric care at University Hospital in Valladolid. The second one study 134 alcoholic patients (70% out patients and 30% in patients) at the Hospital General in Burgos. The last one reports finding from 403 alcoholic in patients at the Psychiatric Service of "Ramon y Cajal" Hospital of Madrid. A group of 130 patients are studied as a whole, 1127 males (86.89%) and 173 females (13.3%). Fifty per cent of the simple (n = 653) were in-patient and the remainder were out-patients; 28.30% (n = 368) were diagnosed by means of CIE-8 , 61.38% (n = 798) by means of CIE-9 and 10.30 by DSM-III diagnostic criteria. The variables evaluated were population, age, sex, civil state, place of birth, place of living, level of education, profession, work capability, economical status and current social class, working and marriage adaptation, place composition, first work age, emigration, family psychiatric problems, affective deprivation, personal background, former treatment for drinking problems, start of drinking average age, abuse average time, kind of drinking, drinking day average amount, motive of abuse increments, consultation motive, somatic and psychiatric diagnoses, other drug consumptions, TAC and EEG results, first pharmacologic treatment, in-patient average time, and later hospitalisations. A table, a graphic, and 83 bibliographic quotations, part of which belong to a former work, are included.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Melatonin and mental disorders. Review of neuro-endocrinologic aspects. II: Melatonin and depressive disorders].

The authors have carried out a bibliography revision about the relation between Melatonin secretion in the pineal gland and mental disorders. In the introduction a revision is done of the aspects of the anatomical functions of Melatonin secretion regulation. After words they study from a chronological perspective' studies of literature with reference to mental disorders. Two stages in the evolution of knowledge about Melatonin. The first stage consists of pharmacologic studies and pharmacotherapeutic studies and pharmaco-endocrine studies. Beginning with the melatonin determinations in biological liquids during the 60's and 70's; and a second stage which began at the end of 70's up until the present date, namely Melatonin secretion endocrinal studies in mental disorders. Apart from this, the comparing of the other hormonal secretion endocrinal studies in mental disorders. Apart from this, the comparing of the other hormonal secretion rhythms such as corticoids with function tests in Hip- Hipof. axis using the Dexamethasone suppression Test (DST). The authors also compare their experimental results with previous bibliography publications. The importance of night levels of Melatonin secretions in some patients with major depressive disorders and with abnormal answers in the DST show a diminishing when compared with another depressive disorders and their normal controls. Lastly the possible pathophysiological implications of melatonin and the pineal gland in the affective disorders are discussed, such as the conceptual form and the use of future studies of chronobiological systems.

Circadian Rhythm↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant neuroleptic syndrome: a review].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and neuroendocrinologic study of affective disorders in adolescence].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗