Biomedical subjects
V Cooke
Publications and source records attributed to V Cooke.
Radiographic grading for knee osteoarthritis. A revised scheme that relates to alignment and deformity.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a radiographic grading scheme for osteoarthritis of the knee that would relate to arthritic progression and deformity. METHODS: The scheme of Scott, et al was revised to include new fields of Tibial Erosion and Subluxation; the fields of Tibial Osteophytes and Sclerosis were removed. The worst affected compartment only was scored on frontal Standardized Knee Images, which were used to define knee alignment variables. RESULTS: The interreader reliability (kappa = 0.92) and correlation for total scores (r = 0.94) were both excellent (p < 0.001). Individual field scores and total knee scores both correlated well with most limb alignment variables, especially the hip-knee-ankle angle (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings encourage further evaluations for outcome measurement, diagnostic sensitivity, and sensitivity to define arthritic change over time.
Lengths of hamstrings and psoas muscles during crouch gait: effects of femoral anteversion.
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Blood pressure changes during labour and whilst ambulating with combined spinal epidural analgesia.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of combined spinal epidural analgesia with fentanyl and low dose bupivacaine on maternal blood pressure and pulse rate in labour. Also, to evaluate the maternal cardiovascular response to mobilising with this form of analgesia in labour. Finally, to define the changes that occur in blood pressure and pulse rate during the second stage of labour and immediately postpartum when using combined spinal epidural analgesia. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood pressure and pulse measurements were made at least every 10 minutes, using the SpaceLabs 90207 ambulatory blood pressure monitor, on 62 women in labour with combined spinal epidural analgesia. RESULTS: A significant fall in systolic blood pressure (> 20%) occurred in eight women (12%), all within 30 minutes of the spinal injection. Fifty-two women subsequently received an epidural dose (mean interval 90 minutes after spinal) and none of these women had a fall in systolic blood pressure of greater than 20%. No women had symptoms related to hypotension. Thirty-five women ambulated for more than 10 minutes on 65 occasions. Average blood pressure remained unchanged while ambulating (126/79 versus 126/79), but pulse rate was significantly increased (85 to 90, P < or = 0.001). The mean blood pressure in the second stage of labour (n = 41) did not rise with pushing (134/83 versus 134/83), but the pulse rate increased significantly (94 to 108, P < or = 0.001). Blood pressure remained unchanged immediately postpartum (n = 33) (134/83 versus 134/81) following ergometrine administration. CONCLUSION: The combined spinal epidural analgesia will only result in significant falls in systolic blood pressure within 30 minutes of the spinal injection. No further important changes in blood pressure occur when mobilising or with epidural top-ups. The combined spinal epidural analgesia may modify the normal compensatory mechanisms of blood pressure control, but does not cause significant maternal hypotension once the spinal injection has been given.
Splenectomy in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of splenectomy in HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of patients admitted to St Vincent's Hospital who had splenectomies and were HIV-positive. SETTING: All patients were treated at St Vincent's Hospital, New York City, New York, USA. PATIENTS: Only patients who were HIV-positive and who had had a splenectomy at St Vincent's Hospital were included. INTERVENTION: All patients had a splenectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of the splenectomy in these HIV-positive patients was studied with respect to their operative morbidity and mortality, platelet counts, overall survival and the development of new opportunistic infections. RESULTS: All patients who did not have AIDS but did have thrombocytopenia responded to splenectomy in terms of their thrombocytopenia. None of them had an accelerated progression to AIDS. Most patients with AIDS and thrombocytopenia responded to splenectomy in terms of correcting their thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy as a treatment for thrombocytopenia is successful not only in HIV-positive patients without AIDS, but also in AIDS patients. However, in patients with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma or Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, splenectomy may not be a factor for survival.
Minor anatomic abnormalities of the hip joint persisting from childhood and their possible relationship to idiopathic osteoarthrosis.
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Evaluation of a reinforced school-based dental health education program as provided by dental hygiene students.
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A nonspecific learning effect in the perception of random-dot stereograms?
An experiment is reported the object of which was to check whether a small amount of nonspecific experience in perceiving random-dot stereograms could facilitate the perception of a previously unseen stereogram. The mean stereopsis perception time of a group of totally naive subjects was found to be significantly slower than that of a group who had previously been shown two different stereograms. Closer inspection of the data showed that this difference was primarily due to approximately one third of the naive group who were much slower than the 'experienced' group. It is therefore suggested that nonspecific experience provides most initial help for relatively slow perceivers, since many naive subjects can perform as well as those with prior experience of other stereograms.
Eye dominance and stereopsis.
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