Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V D Volkan.
Characteristics by which to classify a woman as authentically transsexual are offered from earlier investigations and supplemented by findings from recent work with this type of patient. Developmental issues are discussed and six psychodynamic accompaniments listed. A case demonstrates how to identify the true female transsexual and how to understand her psychological processes.
There are two phases in the process of negotiating for peace with antagonistic national groups. The leader (or leaders) of one such group will not negotiate with his opposite number until political foundations to support such negotiation are laid down, and obstacles to peace identified and dealt with; at least some measure of success is anticipated by both sides. Accordingly, the first phase requires the building of bridges between those representing opposing nations. The activities in this preliminary phase are sometimes called Track II diplomacy; they differ from those of official or Track I diplomacy. I suggest two kinds of concepts that may be useful in Track II diplomacy, and present them in the hope of initiating further discussion, and exploration of metapsychological underpinnings of each concept. As Mitscherlich (1971) suggested, the psychology of international politics may be better understood if psychoanalysts are willing to engage in interdisciplinary work with others engaged in such endeavors.
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This article offers a review of the psychoanalytic and psychiatric literature on symptom formation and individual and collective character changes triggered by war or by similarly violent civil upheaval. It is suggested that each such event should be studied by itself since many different circumstances can bring man to acts of aggression. The effects of the war on Cyprus, where group narcissism developed to compensate for hurt, constitute a case example of such focused study.
This paper offers a study of the ways in which a war and its consequences affect psychologically those on the victorious side. The subjects of my study are the Turks of Cyprus; I will report on the psychological processes dominant among them--their attempts at mourning to achieve a new adaptation--during the year after the Turkish occupation of the northern part of the island in the summer of 1974.
The many Turkish villagers who now migrate to large Turkish cities or enter the European labor force try to create models of the extended families they leave behind. Their satellite families necessarily drift away from tradition, however, in the direction of greater independence. This process often triggers psychiatric symptom formation.
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