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V Dörges

Publications and source records attributed to V Dörges.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Monitoring of cerebral oxygenation with near infrared spectroscopy and tissue oxygen partial pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to compare cerebral oxygenation measured with near infrared spectroscopy and local brain tissue oxygen partial pressure, respectively, in pigs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Since tissue overlying the brain may have an impact on near infrared spectroscopy readings, we tested whether optode placement on intact skin or on the skull yielded comparable results. METHODS: Twelve healthy pigs were anaesthetized and subjected to continuous haemodynamic, near infrared spectroscopy and brain tissue oxygen partial pressure monitoring. After 4 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started and arginine vasopressin was administered repeatedly three times. Near infrared spectroscopy values recorded were both the tissue oxygenation index and the tissue haemoglobin index as well as relative changes of chromophores (haemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase). Four animals served as control and were measured with both near infrared spectroscopy optodes mounted on the intact skin of the forehead, while in the remaining eight animals, one near infrared spectroscopy optode was implanted directly on the skull. RESULTS: Near infrared spectroscopy readings at the skin or at the skull differed consistently throughout the study period. After arginine vasopressin administration, near infrared spectroscopy values at the different locations showed a transient dissociation. In contrast to near infrared spectroscopy measured on intact skin, near infrared spectroscopy readings obtained from skull showed a significant correlation to brain tissue oxygen partial pressure values (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Near infrared spectroscopy readings obtained from skin and skull differed largely after vasopressor administration. Near infrared spectroscopy optode placement therefore may have an important influence on the tissue region investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The new 2005 resuscitation guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council: comments and supplements].

The new CPR guidelines are based on a scientific consensus which was reached by 281 international experts. Chest compressions (100/min, 4-5 cm deep) should be performed in a ratio of 30:2 with ventilation (tidal volume 500 ml, Ti 1 s, FIO2 if possible 1.0). After a single defibrillation attempt (initially biphasic 150-200 J, monophasic 360 J, subsequently with the respective highest energy), chest compressions are initiated again immediately for 2 min. Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard; other airway devices may be employed as well depending on individual skills. Drug administration routes for adults and children: first choice IV, second choice intraosseous, third choice endobronchial [epinephrine dose 2-3x (adults) or 10x (pediatric patients) higher than IV]. Vasopressors: 1 mg epinephrine every 3-5 min IV. After the third unsuccessful defibrillation attempt amiodarone IV (300 mg); repetition (150 mg) possible. Sodium bicarbonate (1 ml/kg 8.4%) only in excessive hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, or intoxication with tricyclic antidepressants. Consider atropine (3 mg) and aminophylline (5 mg/kg). Thrombolysis during spontaneous circulation only in myocardial infarction or massive pulmonary embolism; during CPR only during massive pulmonary embolism. Cardiopulmonary bypass only after cardiac surgery, hypothermia or intoxication. Pediatrics: best improvement in outcome by preventing cardiocirculatory collapse. Alternate chest thumps and chest compression (infants), or abdominal compressions (>1-year-old) in foreign body airway obstruction. Initially five breaths, followed by chest compressions (100/min; approximately 1/3 of chest diameter): ventilation ratio 15:2. Treatment of potentially reversible causes (4 "Hs", "HITS": hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypo- and hyperkaliemia, hypothermia, cardiac tamponade, intoxication, thrombo-embolism, tension pneumothorax). Epinephrine 10 microg/kg IV or intraosseously, or 100 microg (endobronchially) every 3-5 min. Defibrillation (4 J/kg; monophasic oder biphasic) followed by 2 min CPR, then ECG and pulse check. Newborns: inflate the lungs with bag-valve mask ventilation. If heart rate<60/min chest compressions:ventilation ratio 3:1 (120 chest compressions/min). Postresuscitation phase: initiate mild hypothermia [32-34 degrees C for 12-24 h; slow rewarming (<0.5 degrees C/h)]. Prediction of CPR outcome is not possible at the scene; determining neurological outcome within 72 h after cardiac arrest with evoked potentials, biochemical tests and physical examination. Even during low suspicion for an acute coronary syndrome, record a prehospital 12-lead ECG. In parallel to pain therapy, aspirin (160-325 mg PO or IV) and in addition clopidogrel (300 mg PO). As antithrombin, heparin (60 IU/kg, max. 4000 IU) or enoxaparine. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, define reperfusion strategy depending on duration of symptoms until PCI (prevent delay>90 min until PCI). Stroke is an emergency and needs to be treated in a stroke unit. A CT scan is the most important evaluation, MRT may replace a CT scan. After hemorrhage exclusion, thrombolysis within 3 h of symptom onset (0.9 mg/kg rt-PA IV; max 90 mg within 60 min, 10% of the entire dosage as initial bolus, no aspirin, no heparin within the first 24 h). In severe hemorrhagic shock, definite control of bleeding is the most important goal. For successful CPR of trauma patients, a minimal intravascular volume status and management of hypoxia are essential. Aggressive fluid resuscitation, hyperventilation, and excessive ventilation pressure may impair outcome in severe hemorrhagic shock. Despite bad prognosis, CPR in trauma patients may be successful in select cases. Any CPR training is better than nothing; simplification of contents and processes remains important.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Changes of local brain tissue oxygen pressure after vasopressin during spontaneous circulation.

BACKGROUND: Brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO2) correlates to cerebral blood flow (CBF) during spontaneous circulation, with one important regulator being nitric oxide (NO). Although it is established that arginine vasopressin (AVP) improves CBF and global cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is unknown whether similar beneficial effects are present during spontaneous circulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AVP with and without pre-treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on local brain tissue oxygenation in a beating heart model. METHODS: Following approval of the Animal Investigational Committee, nine healthy piglets underwent general anaesthesia, and were instrumented with a probe in the cerebral cortex to measure PbtO2. Each animal was assigned to receive AVP (0.4 U . kg(-1)), and after a wash-out period, L-NAME (25 mg x kg(-1) over 20 min) followed by AVP (0.4 U x kg(-1)). After each AVP administration, nitroglycerine (25 microg x kg(-1) over 1 min) as a NO donor was infused to test the vascular reactivity independently from NOS inhibition. FINDINGS: Three minutes after administration of AVP, PbtO2 increased significantly (P < .05; mean +/- SEM, 31 +/- 11 versus 43 +/- 14 mm Hg, +39%), compared with baseline. After pre-treatment with L-NAME, the changes of PbtO2 after AVP were not significant (32 +/- 11 versus 28 +/- 10, -13%) when compared with the baseline. CONCLUSION: In this beating heart porcine model, local brain tissue oxygenation was improved after AVP alone, but not after inhibition of NO synthesis with L-NAME.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Arginine vasopressin reduces cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume during intact circulation in swine---a near infrared spectroscopy study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of arginine vasopressin (AVP), a drug currently under investigation for use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, on cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume (CBV) in pigs with intact systemic circulation using near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: Nine healthy pigs were anaesthetized and subjected to invasive haemodynamic monitoring as well as to non-invasive determination (with near infrared spectroscopy) of changes in the Tissue Oxygenation Index (TOI is the ratio of oxygenated to total tissue haemoglobin), Tissue Haemoglobin Index (THI, representing CBV) and cytochrome oxidase (deltaCytOx, representing the balance of intracellular oxygen supply). RESULTS: At both 3 and 5 min after AVP administration, TOI, THI and deltaCytOx were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced compared to baseline, while cerebral perfusion pressure increased significantly (P < 0.001). The effects of AVP on TOI and THI lasted longer than on deltaCytOx. There were no significant changes with respect to the intracranial pressure throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: No improvement of cerebral oxygenation was detected after AVP administration in swine with an intact systemic circulation. In contrast to recently published investigations, AVP provoked a sustained drop in indices of cerebral oxygenation and CBV.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of the proseal laryngeal mask airway, the laryngeal tube S and the oesophageal-tracheal combitube during routine surgical procedures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare three supraglottic airway devices: the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA), the laryngeal tube S (LTS) and the oesophageal-tracheal combitube (OTC) during routine surgical procedures. METHODS: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III patients scheduled for routine minor obstetric surgery were randomly allocated to the PLMA (n = 30), the LTS (n = 30) or the OTC (n = 30) group, respectively. The overall success rate, insertion time, cuff pressures and resulting airway leak pressures were determined as well as a subjective assessment of handling and the incidence of sore throat, dysphagia and hoarseness were performed. RESULTS: Insertion time until the first adequate ventilation was significantly (P < 0.0001) shorter in the PLMA (median 29 s; 25-75th percentile 25-48 s; range 10-161 s; success rate 100%) and in the LTS group (38 s; 30-44 s; 13-180 s; 100%) compared to the OTC group (75 s; 48-98 s; 35-180 s; 90%). In vivo cuff pressures and airway leak pressures increased with the inflating cuff volume in all devices and were highest in the OTC group. Postoperatively, patients in the PLMA and the LTS group complained significantly less about sore throat (P < 0.001 and 0.05) and dysphagia (P < 0.001 and 0.02) compared to the OTC group, while there was no difference regarding the incidence of hoarseness. Subjective assessment of handling was comparable with the PLMA and the LTS, but inferior with the OTC. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, both PLMA and LTS proved to be suitable for routine surgical procedures and proved to be superior to the OTC which cannot be recommended for routine use.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the Bonfils intubation fibrescope in patients with predicted difficult airways.

Tracheal intubation with the intubating laryngeal mask airway or the Bonfils intubation fibrescope was performed in 80 patients with predicted difficult airways. Mallampati score, thyromental distance, mouth opening and mobility of the atlanto-occipital joint were used to predict difficult airways. The overall success rate, time to the first adequate lung ventilation and time taken for the successful placement of the tracheal tube were recorded, as well as a subjective assessment of the handling of the device and the incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. The median [range] time to the first adequate ventilation was significantly shorter with the intubating laryngeal mask airway than with the Bonfils intubation fibrescope (28 [6-85] s vs. 40 [23-77] s, p < 0.005). Tracheal intubation was significantly slower with the intubating laryngeal mask airway than with the Bonfils intubation fibrescope (76 [45-155] s vs. 40 [23-77] s, p < 0.0001. Patients in the Bonfils group suffered less sore throat and hoarseness than those in the other group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Tracheal intubation using the Bonfils intubation fibrescope after failed direct laryngoscopy.

Failed tracheal intubation due to a difficult airway is an important cause of anaesthetic morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bonfils intubation fibrescope for tracheal intubation after failed direct laryngoscopy. Twenty-five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in the study after two attempts at conventional laryngoscopy by a board certified anaesthetist had failed. Intubation with the Bonfils fibrescope was successful on the first attempt in 22 patients (88%) and on the first or second attempt in 24 patients (96%); in one patient intubation was impossible. Median (IQR [range]) time to intubation using the Bonfils intubation fibrescope was 47.5 (30-80 [20-200]) s. Tracheal intubation using the Bonfils intubation fibrescope appears to be a simple and effective technique for the management of a difficult intubation.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Detecting and quantifying absorbed irrigation fluid by measuring mannitol and sorbitol concentrations in serum samples, and by ethanol monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a modified and improved technique which, in one measurement, estimates the influx of irrigation fluid during endoscopic endometrial ablation or prostate resection, and provides both rapid confirmation of the diagnosis and an estimate of the amount of fluid absorbed by detecting markers which pass from the irrigation fluid to the serum, i.e. mannitol or sorbitol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Control samples were taken for analysis before irrigation, and test samples were taken on four occasions during and after intervention, from each of 10 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Irrigation fluid was also marked with ethanol (1.5% w/v) and the concentration of this agent measured in the blood and expired air of these patients. The absorbed volume was calculated according to the extracellular distribution space of mannitol. RESULTS: Mannitol and sorbitol could be measured in 85% and 73% of the 40 test samples, respectively. The threshold for full sensitivity for breath ethanol concentration to detect absorption was 132 mL. CONCLUSION: This method for detecting serum mannitol and sorbitol represents a valid procedure for confirming and quantifying the absorption of irrigation fluid in the clinic, which agrees closely with the already established ethanol monitoring procedure and which should now be considered as a reference procedure.

Absorption↗
PubMed2002

Remifentanil-clonidine-propofol versus sufentanil-propofol anesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare a remifentanil-clonidine-propofol regimen with conventional sufentanil-propofol anesthesia. DESIGN: Randomized, nonblinded trial. SETTING: A single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Male patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. INTERVENTIONS: In the control group, anesthesia was induced with 0.5 microg/kg of sufentanil and 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg of etomidate after preoxygenation. Propofol (50 to 100 microg/kg/min) and sufentanil (0.5 to 1.0 microg/kg/h) were started after endotracheal intubation. Sufentanil was stopped after aortic decannulation. In the remifentanil-clonidine group, anesthesia was started with remifentanil (0.15 to 0.3 microg/kg/min), followed by etomidate (0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg). Propofol was started at 50 to 100 microg/kg/min, and after endotracheal intubation, clonidine infusion was started (6 to 20 microg/h). Patients received piritramide (0.15 mg/kg) and metamizole (20 mg/kg) for transitional analgesia. In both groups, propofol infusion was reduced to 30 to 60 microg/kg/min at skin closure and stopped when assisted spontaneous breathing led to adequate gas exchange. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcomes were recovery times; somatic variables; plasma catecholamine levels; and self-recorded pain, nausea, and vomiting. Patients in the remifentanil-clonidine group were extubated earlier and had lower plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. After transitional analgesia, the remifentanil-clonidine patients had similar postoperative analgesic use and self-reported pain and side-effect scores. CONCLUSION: Compared with a sufentanil-propofol regimen, an anesthetic regimen for CABG surgery that combines remifentanil, clonidine, and propofol provides similar hemodynamics. The remifentanil-clonidine regimen reduces catecholamine levels and hastens recovery from anesthesia.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2001

[Emergency airway management-- comparison of various strategies in an unsecured airway].

OBJECTIVES: Gastric inflation and regurgitation of stomach contents are major hazards of bag-valve-mask ventilation in an emergency. The purpose of our study was to determine lung ventilation and gastric inflation when using the bag-valve-face mask, laryngeal mask, and combitube with different sizes of self-inflating bags (max. volume: 700, 1100, 1500 ml). METHODS: Twenty-six training emergency doctors without prior extensive training in emergency airway management volunteered for our study and ventilated a bench model simulating an unintubated respiratory arrest patient with bag-valve-face mask, laryngeal mask, and combitube using paediatric, medium size, and adult self-inflating bags. Lung and gastric tidal volume, as well as lung and gastric peak airway pressure were measured with respiratory monitors and a pneumotachometer. RESULTS: When using either the combitube or the laryngeal mask, the paediatric vs. medium-size and adult self-inflating bag resulted in significantly (P < .001) lower mean +/- SEM lung tidal volumes (328 +/- 34 vs. 626 +/- 65 vs. 654 +/- 69 ml; and 368 +/- 30 vs. 532 +/- 48 vs. 692 +/- 67 ml, respectively). No gastric inflation occurred with the combitube, while gastric inflation was comparably low when using the laryngeal mask with either ventilation bag (3 +/- 2 vs. 7 +/- 4 vs. 6 +/- 3 ml; P = NS). The paediatric vs. medium-size and adult self-inflating bag in combination with the bag-valve-face mask resulted in comparable lung tidal volumes (250 +/- 23 vs. 313 +/- 24 vs. 282 +/- 38 ml; P = NS); but significantly (P < .01) lower gastric tidal volumes (147 +/- 23 vs. 206 +/- 24 vs. 267 +/- 23 ml). CONCLUSIONS: Both the laryngeal mask and the combitube proved to be valid alternatives for the bag-valve-face mask in our experimental model. The medium size self-inflating bag seems to be adequate when using either the laryngeal mask or the combitube.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The respiratory system during resuscitation: a review of the history, risk of infection during assisted ventilation, respiratory mechanics, and ventilation strategies for patients with an unprotected airway.

The fear of acquiring infectious diseases has resulted in reluctance among healthcare professionals and the lay public to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation. However, the benefit of basic life support for a patient in cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest greatly outweighs the risk for secondary infection in the rescuer or the patient. The distribution of ventilation volume between lungs and stomach in the unprotected airway depends on patient variables such as lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, airway resistance and respiratory system compliance, and the technique applied while performing basic or advanced airway support, such as head position, inflation flow rate and time, which determine upper airway pressure. The combination of these variables determines gas distribution between the lungs and the oesophagus and subsequently, the stomach. During bag-valve-mask ventilation of patients in respiratory or cardiac arrest with oxygen supplementation (> or = 40% oxygen), a tidal volume of 6-7 ml kg(-1) ( approximately 500 ml) given over 1-2 s until the chest rises is recommended. For bag-valve-mask ventilation with room-air, a tidal volume of 10 ml kg(-1) (700-1000 ml) in an adult given over 2 s until the chest rises clearly is recommended. During mouth-to-mouth ventilation, a breath over 2 s sufficient to make the chest rise clearly (a tidal volume of approximately 10 ml kg(-1) approximately 700-1000 ml in an adult) is recommended.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed2001

Emergency medical service transport-induced stress? An experimental approach with healthy volunteers.

This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effects of simulated emergency medical service (EMS) transport related stress on hemodynamic variables, and catecholamine plasma levels. A total of 32 healthy male volunteers were randomized to being carried by paramedics from a third-floor apartment through a staircase with subsequent high-speed EMS transport with lights and sirens (stress; n = 16); or sitting on a chair for 5 min, and lying on a stretcher for 15 min (control; n = 16). Blood samples and hemodynamic variables were taken in the apartment before transfer, at the ground floor, and at the end of EMS transport in the stress group, and at corresponding time points in the control group. The stress versus control group had both significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean +/- SEM epinephrine (71 +/- 7 versus 37 +/- 3 pg/ml), and norepinephrine (397 +/- 29 versus 299 +/- 28 pg/ml) plasma levels after transport through the staircase. After EMS transport, the stress versus control group had significantly higher epinephrine (48 +/-6 versus 32 +/- 2 pg/ml), but not norepinephrine (214 +/- 20 versus 264 +/- 31 pg/ml) plasma levels. Heart rate increased significantly from 72 +/- 2 to 84 +/- 3 bpm after staircase transport, but not during and after EMS transport. In conclusion, volunteers being carried by paramedics through a staircase had a significant discharge of both epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in increased heart rate, but only elevated epinephrine plasma levels during EMS transport. Transport through a staircase may reflect more stress than emergency EMS transport.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Intubating laryngeal mask airway, laryngeal tube, 1100 ml self-inflating bag-alternatives for basic life support?

Insufficient oxygenation, ventilation and gastric inflation with subsequent regurgitation of stomach contents is a major hazard of bag-valve-face mask ventilation during the basic life support phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The European Resuscitation Council has recommended smaller tidal volumes of approximately 500 ml as an effort to reduce gastric inflation; furthermore, the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the laryngeal tube have been recently developed in order to provide rapid ventilation and to secure the airway. The purpose of our study was to examine whether usage of a newly developed medium-size self-inflating bag (maximum volume, 1100 ml) in association with the intubating laryngeal mask airway, and laryngeal tube may provide adequate lung ventilation, while reducing the risk of gastric inflation in a bench model simulating the initial phase of CPR. Twenty house officers volunteered for our study. When using the laryngeal tube, and the intubating laryngeal mask airway, respectively, the medium-size (maximum volume, 1100 ml) versus adult (maximum volume, 1500 ml) self-inflating bag resulted in significantly (P<0.05) lower mean+/-S.E.M. lung tidal volumes (605+/-22 vs. 832+/-4 ml, and 666+/-27 vs. 887+/-37 ml, respectively), but comparable peak airway pressures. No gastric inflation occurred when using both devices with either ventilation bag. In conclusion, both the intubating laryngeal mask airway and laryngeal tube in combination with both an 1100 and 1500 ml maximum volume self inflating bag proved to be valid alternatives for emergency airway management in a bench model of a simulated unintubated cardiac arrest victim.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effectiveness of various airway management techniques in a bench model simulating a cardiac arrest patient.

The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of lung and gastric tidal volumes paramedics achieve when performing ventilation with bag-valve-mask, laryngeal mask, and Combitube. Twenty paramedics performed ventilation with a bag-valve mask, laryngeal mask, and Combitube in a bench model simulating an unintubated cardiorespiratory arrest patient. Lung and gastric tidal volumes and lung and gastric peak airway pressures were subsequently measured. The results showed that mean +/- SEM lung tidal volumes were significantly higher with the laryngeal mask and Combitube compared to the bag-valve-mask (701 +/- 264 vs. 742 +/- 311 vs. 353 +/- 110 mL, respectively). No gastric inflation occurred with the Combitube; gastric inflation was significantly lower with the laryngeal mask compared to the bag-valve-mask (25 +/- 15 vs. 230 +/- 25 mL, respectively). Both the laryngeal mask and Combitube proved to be valid alternatives for bag-valve-mask ventilation in our bench model simulating an unintubated patient with cardiorespiratory arrest.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Emergency airway management by non-anaesthesia house officers--a comparison of three strategies.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine effects of different airway devices and tidal volumes on lung ventilation and gastric inflation in an unprotected airway. METHODS: Thirty one non-anaesthesia house officers volunteered for the study, and ventilated a bench model simulating an unintubated respiratory arrest patient with bag-valve-facemask, laryngeal mask airway, and combitube using paediatric and adult self inflating bags. RESULTS: The paediatric versus adult self inflating bag resulted with the laryngeal mask airway and combitube in significantly (p<0.001) lower mean (SEM) lung tidal volumes (376 (30) v 653 (47) ml, and 368 (28) v 727 (53) ml, respectively). Gastric inflation was zero with the combitube; and 0 (0) v 8 (3) ml with the laryngeal mask airway with low versus large tidal volumes. The paediatric versus adult self inflating bag with the bag-valve-facemask resulted in comparable lung tidal volumes (245 (19) v 271 (33) ml; p=NS); but significantly (p<0.001) lower gastric tidal volume (149 (11) v 272 (24) ml). CONCLUSIONS: The paediatric self inflating bag may be an option to reduce the risk of gastric inflation when using the laryngeal mask airway, and especially, the bag-valve-facemask. Both the laryngeal mask airway and combitube proved to be valid alternatives for the bag-valve-facemask in this experimental model.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Emergency airway management by intensive care unit nurses with the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the laryngeal tube.

When using the laryngeal tube and the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), the medium-size (maximum volume 1100 ml) versus adult (maximum volume 1500 ml) self-inflating bags resulted in significantly lower lung tidal volumes. No gastric inflation occurred when using both devices with either ventilation bag. The newly developed medium-size self-inflating bag may be an option to further reduce the risk of gastric inflation while maintaining sufficient lung ventilation. Both the ILMA and laryngeal tube proved to be valid alternatives for emergency airway management in the experimental model used.

Adult↗