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Biomedical subjects

V Damjanovic

Publications and source records attributed to V Damjanovic.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Ciprofloxacin in neonatal Enterobacter cloacae septicaemia.

Multiresistant Enterobacter cloacae infection in six premature infants was eradicated with intravenous ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg/day). Bacterial resistance did not develop. Adequate plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations were achieved in all treated patients. No clinical evidence of side effects was observed.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1987

Outbreak of cephalosporin resistant Enterobacter cloacae infection in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephalosporins emerged rapidly during an outbreak of serious infections due to this organism in a neonatal intensive care unit where ampicillin and gentamicin were used as first line antibiotic treatment. Organisms resistant to cephalosporins were isolated from 12 infants, six of whom developed systemic infection. Two infants died. Isolates of E. cloacae from four of five infants treated with cefotaxime showed a loss of sensitivity to this antibiotic during treatment, but in the three infants who survived sensitive organisms were again isolated after treatment had stopped. Stopping treatment with the cephalosporins, closure of the unit to new admissions, and strict cohorting of colonised infants resulted in a prompt end to the outbreak. This outbreak suggests that the routine use of third generation cephalosporins for suspected sepsis may be inappropriate in the presence of a large reservoir of organisms with the potential for rapidly developing resistance. Routine bacteriological surveillance, however, might permit their use on a rotational basis.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1986

Infection and colonisation of neonates by Hansenula anomala.

Over a 13-month period 52 neonates (10% of those admitted to the Mersey Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) were found to be colonised with the ascosporagenous yeast Hansenula anomala. 8 babies became infected, all but 1 of whom were heavily colonised before infection. 7 of the 8 infected babies were of very low birth-weight (less than 1500 g). All 8 had multiple problems associated with low birth-weight and prematurity and were kept in the intensive care unit. 5 babies had fungaemia, 2 had fungaemia and ventriculitis, and 1 had ventriculitis only. In each case H anomala was the sole pathogen isolated. Anti-Hansenula antibodies developed in 5 babies within 3 months of infection. Infected babies were successfully treated with a combination of 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B. Despite extensive searches the babies appeared to be the only reservoir of the yeast.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1986

Antibiotic sensitivities of urinary pathogens isolated from patients in Liverpool, 1984-5.

Urinary pathogens isolated from patients in general practice, an antenatal clinic and several hospitals in Liverpool during 1984-5 have been tested for antibiotic sensitivities. The proportion of sensitive organisms varied from antimicrobial to antimicrobial and from institution to institution. Isolates from all institutions showed high rates of sensitivity to cephradine, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin, and somewhat lower rates to trimethoprim. Significantly lower sensitivities were found to ampicillin and sulphamethoxazole indicating that neither ampicillin nor a sulphonamide is suitable for initial choice on a 'best guess' basis in the situation studied. In general, the organisms derived from the antenatal patients showed the highest rates of sensitivity and those isolated from patients in geriatric hospitals the lowest.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic sensitivity of enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in a Sharjah hospital.

In recent years widespread circulation of salmonella and shigella strains resistant to multiple antibiotics has become an international problem. Accordingly the bacterial sensitivity to a range of antibiotics has been assessed in vitro and recorded for the period 1979-83 for patients from the Al Qassimi Hospital. A total of 229 enteric pathogens from 148 children and 59 adult patients were isolated and studied. Most of the enterobacteria were sensitive to colistin, gentamicin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol (Salmonella typhi approached 100% sensitivity). High rates of sensitivity were also found to ampicillin in S. typhi (96%) and other salmonella serotypes (85%), whilst only 57% of Shigella species and 14% of Escherichia coli were sensitive to this antibiotic. Low rates of sensitivity to sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline were found in shigella and E. coli (ranging from 7 to 14%). Approximately 50% of S. typhi and other salmonella serotypes were sensitive to sulphamethoxazole and streptomycin and 80% to tetracycline. Resistance to three or more antibiotics was very common in shigella and enteropathogenic strains of E. coli (74-85%), less common in non-typhoid salmonella (29%) and exceptional in S. typhi strains. In general, shigella and E. coli isolates showed a high rate of resistance to several antibiotics, whilst S. typhi and other salmonella serotypes retained their original sensitivity to most of the antibiotics used in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Studies on antibody to hepatitis A virus in children and adults in London.

366 specimens of serum from children and adults without liver disease were screened for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) by means of radioimmunoassay. 56% were born in London, 26% came to London from various parts of the United Kingdom and the remainder (18%) from various parts of the world. The prevalence of antibody was related to increasing age, ranging from 7% in children under ten years of age to 77% in adults aged 50 years or more. The prevalence of anti-HAV was significantly higher in females, in the lower socio-economic class and in those not indigenous to London. In comparison to other urban populations such as those of the United States and Western Europe, the prevalence of anti-HAV was similar in terms of the overall prevalence and age distribution. By contrast, these findings were entirely different from the countries of Eastern Europe and the Middle East where the overall prevalence was higher but the anti-HAV was equal in all ages. Thus, the findings presented indicate that hepatitis A virus infection is common in London and also shows a clear relationship to advancing age, lower socioeconomic class and the country of origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the stability of antilymphocyte globulins.

An account is given of the effect of storage under various conditions on the physical and immunosuppressive properties of antilymphocyte globulins. No loss of in vivo immunosuppressive potency was shown by horse antimouse lymphocyte globulin when stored for up to 2 years in a liquid, frozen, or lyophilised state. Similar studies on horse antihuman lymphocyte globulin showed no loss of in vitro activity, as measured by an immunofluorescence test. Ultracentrifugal analyses showed no increase in aggregate when antilymphocyte globulin was stored liquid or freeze-dried at 4 degrees C. Storage experiments at abnormally high temperatures demonstrated that under these conditions freeze-dried horse antihuman lymphocyte globulin was stabilised by the presence of glucose (4.6%w/v). Antilymphocyte globulin lyophilised in the presence of glucose showed improved solubility properties as compared with material dried from saline.

Animals↗