Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V Dufek.
A patient presented with neck impalement after a traffic accident. Respiratory arrest demanded immediate tracheal intubation, which was impossible as a wooden splinter had partially obstructed the pharynx and prevented laryngoscopy. An oesophageal tracheal Combitube airway was inserted successfully and the patient's lungs were ventilated adequately until tracheotomy was performed.
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Lithotripsy by shock wave was performed in 12 patients with choledocholithiasis using the authors' own apparatus. The shock wave is created by an electric spark and the concentration is made by a rotational semi-elipsoid. The pressures attained in the second focus are 150 MPa. The focusing of the stones and the setting to the site of maximal pressures is made by means of two X-ray projections. Patients were indicated for the procedure when the method of endoscopic extraction had failed. Before the procedure a nasobiliary drain was inserted and after administration of analgesia on average 520 shocks were applicated. During the procedure no complications were observed. Fragmentation was achieved in 11 patients. Spontaneous release of fragments was recorded in five of the patients and in 6 during the check-up ERCP endoscopic extraction was made.
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Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy with ultrasonographic localization of the common bile duct stone was successfully performed. The apparatus used is described and the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonographic versus X-ray common bile duct stone localization are discussed.
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Cathepsin B-like activity (CB-like) was estimated in sera of 30 male patients with colorectal cancer (n = 20), benign polyps of the rectum (n = 10) and in sera of control subjects (n = 50). Both total and residual activities of the enzyme in colorectal cancer patients showed a significant elevation in comparison with control subjects and patients with benign polyps. In the course of antitumor therapy a decline in catheptic activity was observed when a reduction in the volume of tumor tissue was present. On the other hand, an increment in CB-like activity was observed when antitumor therapy had no effects or tumor relapse was present.
The activity of cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase in the mice colon was studied during carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH). Before starting the treatment with DMH, the activity of the observed enzyme was very low in the colorectal area but the activity in the serum was rather high. In the course of carcinogenesis, the local activity markedly increased in the stroma equally as in the cells of developing tumors while the serum activity slightly decreased. Following the total ovariectomy, no significant changes in the local activity or in the serum activity were found. Possible causes of these variations are discussed.
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