Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V E Driianskaia.
The quantitative and functional state of different populations of immunocompetent cells was studied in 45 patients with acute serous and 46 patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis. An imbalance has been found in the system of regulatory cells, activation of phagocytosis with reduction of its reserve capacities, disorders of IL-producing capacity of mononuclears and suppression of the functional activity of NK cells.
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On the basis of the study into the effect of lymphocytotoxic antibodies identified in the serum and allotransplants, the authors supposed that the results of their in situ investigations were more reliable than those obtained in the peripheral blood. Studying the eluates from the renal transplants, the authors concluded that the eluates from those kidneys that lost their function due to the immune conflict contained a greater number of anti-B-warm and anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies. The presence of anti-T-antibodies in the transplants which lost their function just after the operation was typical. It was supposed that the presence of cold antibodies to B lymphocytes in the transplant could prolong the survival of the transplanted kidney.
It is supposed that determination of antibody-dependent cellular-mediated cytotoxicity and spontaneous cellular-mediated cytotoxicity in the peripheral blood is non-informative for early diagnosis of acute rejection crisis. Activity of K- and NK-cells in peripheral blood is observed to increase during a peak of the rejection crisis. While studying cellular infiltrate obtained from the transplanted kidney, activity of K- and NK-cells is shown to considerably increase in the rejected transplants, which can testify that they contribute much in the loss of the allotransplant function.
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The effect of leukinferon (LKF) administration to 20 patients with acute renal inflammation was evaluated versus the effect of basic therapy given to 19 matched patients. A short course of LKF (3 injections) promoted more rapid discontinuation of the fever, recovery of satisfactory general condition, healing of postoperative wounds. Immunologically, the test subjects exhibited a rise in the previously low levels of lymphocytes, B-cells, T-helpers, IgA and IgG. The proportion of T-lymphocyte subpopulations improved and the activity of EC-cells enhanced. It is thought valid to use LKF in acute renal inflammation and surgical urological affections.
Results were studied of use of T-activin in those clinical settings related to acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. There was a positive clinical effect from this preparation in all twenty-eight patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis, accompanied by readjustments in the patients' immune system. A rise to the norm was found to occur in T-helper counts, and accordingly, immunoregulatory index, NK-cell activity, blood microbocydic activity. The in vitro investigations done suggested the need for individual testing of immunocompetent cells of the patient to optimize the therapy.
A many as 20 patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis were studied for clinical and immunological effects of leukinferone. The above patients were convalescent earlier than control subjects. There were instances where clinical status was not accompanied by shifts in immunity. However, on an average in the group, such parameters as level of lymphocytes, amounts of B-cells, Igs G, A, T-helpers, and Tx/Tc ratio were found to be increased as was activity of EK-cells. Stimulating effects of leukinferone were particularly pronounced in those patients with decreased values for immunological status. A conclusion is reached to the effect that patients with acute pyelonephritis may benefit from those treatments involving the use of the above drug preparation.
Effects were studied of immunomodulation on the clinical and immunological status of patients with acute pyelonephritis, 4 groups of patients were identified: those treated with T- and B-activin (myelopide); intravascular irradiation with Helium-Neon laser; antibiotics only (control group). All immunotherapeutic alternatives were found to be effective in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Apparent T-activin and myelopeptide immunostimulating actions appear to account for their high clinical efficacy. Laser therapy made for correction of the cell's membrane processes and functions led to improvement of the immune system intercellular cooperation and abatement of inflammation in the kidneys.
As many as 296 patients with acute pyelonephritis were evaluated for parameters characterizing their immunological status. The results were as follows: decreased levels of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, and immunoregulatory index in 42%, 87% and 72% respectively. In normal indices of spontaneous test with nitroblue tetrazolium stimulated below the norm was in 71% of cases. A study involving the use of monoclonal antibodies revealed no changes in the EK-cells counts, while their functional activity was decreased in 52% of patients. The functional activity of lymphocytes in the reaction of blast transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin and PWM was running down in 83% and 75% of cases respectively. With high levels of blood serum IgA and IgM the number of the immune complexes was noted to be on the increases in 68% of patients. The level of spontaneous productions of IL-1 was normal whereas that of IL-2 elevated, with the stimulated production of there mediators in AP patients being significantly below the norm.
It has been shown that in patients with acute pyelonephritis a spontaneous production of the interleukin IL-1 remains unchanged, while that stimulated with the aid of LPS is significantly below the norm. A spontaneous secretion of IL-2 in patients with chronic pyelonephritis has also been found unchanged, whereas in acute pyelonephritis this same parameter tends to rise above the level recordable in healthy donors. The production of this lymphokine stimulated with the aid of PhHA is significantly lower both in acute and chronic pyelonephritis. The level of cells carrying receptors to IL-2 is appreciably above the norm in patients with acute pyelonephritis, whereas in those presenting with the chronic process this parameter does not differ from that in the control group. The data obtained suggest distinctive features in the interleukin link of immunity (IL-1, IL-1, IL-2P) in patients with pyelonephritis.